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Open Access
Feed utilization and growth of juvenile catfish:
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2001-03-05) H.A, Banyigyi,; J.K., Balogun,; S.J., Oniye,; J., Auta,
Bambara groundnut meal (BGM) was fed lo Claries gariepinus of mean weight 2.48 ± 0.56 g. for 98 days. Three of the BGM were heat treated for 15. 30 and 45 minutes the fourth meal was traditionally toasted (for 5-8 minutes) and the fifth was raw BGM. Fish fed diets that was heat treated for 45 minutes had the highest percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ration (PER). Digestibility of ail experimental diets were high, with the highest value (74.66%) in fish fed diet that was heal treated for 45 minutes, while the lowest value (66.19%) was obtained in fish fed with raw BGM. Apparent net protein utilization (NPU) was highest (83.21%) in fish fed diet heat treated for 45 minutes and lowest (52.30%) in fish fed raw BGM. The fish carcass protein in all dietary treatments was higher than the initial carcass protein, thus confirming the potential of incorporating bambara groundnut in fish feed formulation.
Open Access
Growth Performance And Feed Utilization Of Tilapia:
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2001-03-06) Banyigyi, A.H.; J.K., Balogun,; S.J., Oniye,; J., Auta
Diets Containing Bambara Groundnut Meals (BGM) were fed to Oreochromis Niloticus Of Mean Weight 7.0kg + 1.53 SD For 14 Weeks Three Of The BGM Were Oven Toasted For 15, 30 and 45 Minutes The Fourth Meal Was Traditionally Toasted (Frying) While The Fifth Was Raw BGM Meal.
Open Access
HELMINTHOSIS AND INTESTINAL PROTOZOANS AMONG HIV/AIDS INDIVIDUALS IN JOS COMMUNITY, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2003-09-03) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Omalu, I.C.J.
A careful Case Study Was Carried Out On Helminthosis And Intestinal Protozoans Among 800 Individuals With Defined HIV Seropositive And Were Examined With The Following Parasitic Ova And Oocysts Which Were Recovered From Their Facial Matter:
Open Access
THE FOOD AND FEEDING HABIT OF THE AFRICAN CLAWED TOAD, (Xenopus laevis) IN ROGKWATER: FISH FARM, JOS, PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2005-01-06) Makpo, James Kpuk
The food and feeding habitat of the African Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis collected from Rockwater fish farm Rayfield, Jos Plateau state were Investigated over a ten month period. The range of food consumed does not differ significantly within the month of the study period (P>0.05);. The relative abundance of a given prey population altered.the^dlet composition of X. laevis. There was no significant change in mean condition factor v/ith age.- Computed 'values of correlation coefficients of length against weight indicates a highly significant correlation in females (r= 0. 897) and some level of significance in males (r= 0.105).:
Open Access
THE FECUNDITY AND PREFERRED BREEDING PERIOD OF THE AFRICAN CLAWED TOAD Xenopus laevis FROM ROCKWATER FISH FARM, JOS PLATEAU STATE
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2005-01-06) Makpo, James Kpuk
The preferred breeding period and fecundity of Xenopus laevis sampled from Rockwater fish farm were studied within ten months. The analysis of gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed peak gonadal activity in August for males (1.51) and November for females (15.0). The number of eggs produced per female organism increases with body mass. Large individuals produced as much as 6,000 eggs. The length-weight correlation coefficients of males (r = 0.105) and females (r= 0.089) were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The influences of temperature and rainfall on the reproductive cycle are also discussed as well as the effect of water depth.
Open Access
New deployment of Transfluthrin effects into a long-lasting Insecticide paint formulation with dual action Results Of Laboratory Efficacy Studies Against Disease Vectors
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-04-19) Sarah, Delacour; Vladimir, Oropeza; Rose, Estrada; Javier, Lucientes; Andrew, Yako B.; Hassan, S.C.; Olayinka, M.D.; Ignacio, GIL; Pilar, Mateo
Open Access
MICROSPORA: SPORES INFILTRATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AMONG HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL ADMISSION, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2005-04-21) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Adebayo, E.A.; Chessed, G.
The infiltration of Microsporidium species in HIV/AIDS patients was subjected to parasitological examination of stool specimens at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. Of the total number 200/93 (46.50%) were positive for Microsporidium species. Giemsa ipethod was used and High infection rate was observed in both sexes (50.00%) and Civil servants (50.00%) were most vulnerable to microsporidium infection. The species, Enterocyto zoonbieneusi and Encephalito zoonintestinalis (21.50%) got infiltrated in the . gastrointestinal epithelium of of HIV/AIDS patients with a significant association of microsporidium and HIV virus ( = 3.288 < 7.815, df = 3). ). However, diarrhoea was frequent in the ages of 21 and 40 years (3 — 10 times bowel/ day). This condition was considered a significant cause of death and accelerates the patient’s illness with dehydration and emaciation seen among .patients. This calls for strict hygienic conditions to avoid infection* with microsporidia spores contaminated in water or food. .
Open Access
SHEA-BUTTER,EXTRACTION BY A NUTRlTIONAL. VALUE IN RELATION TO ANALYTIC EVALUATION AND STANDARDISATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FOR DOMESTIC USE.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-04-23) Yakubu, D.D.; Andrew, Yako B.
A nutritional value in relatiorn to, analytic-extraction by evaluation and standardization of polysaccharide (shea-butter) for domestic use was carried out. Indeed this' butter,; which is an extract from the shea-nuts, has a lot of nutritional value contained in it. Questionnaires were employed on the community around on the process they adopt in the extraction^this butter. Thus, that same method was used for this research work but with some analytic modification for the purposes of obtaining better and more reliable results. The method employed in the extraction of this oil was by crushing, grinding and boiling of the paste'. The experimental design was used in the analysis of this research work and from the analysis shows that shea-butter contained Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Proteins, Fats & Oils. The oil Can be used for domestic purposes and also medicinal as it is known for relieving sprain constipation etc. based on the nutritional & medicinal value of shear-butter, it can be processed and exported in commercial quantity.
Open Access
First detection of intestinal microsporidia in Northern Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-07-16) Omalu, ICJ; Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Anyanwu, G.I.; Pam, V.A.; Inyama, P.U.
Microsporidia are intracellular spore-forming protozoa that are increasingly being recognized as pathogens in humans. Faecal samples were taken from 2250 HIV/AIEpS and 1050 HIV-negative patients from Kano and Makurdi in Northern Nigeria,, and were investigated' for mjcrosporidial infections by Giemsa staining i technique (Ljght microscopy) In Kano Enterocytozoon blenuesi was detected ip 8 (14-.17%) and Encephalltozoon intestinalis in 5 (2.60%) out of 192 HIV/AIDS patients screened. A mixed infection of both 0.52% was observed. \ ' • Results from Makurdi showed that Enterocytozoon bienuesi w,as detected in 13 (0.65%) and Enc^phalitozoon Intestinalis in 9.6 (4.78%) out of 2008. HIV/AIDS • patients examined. No mixed Infection was observed. Microsporidiai. spores were not found in 1050 HIV-negative patients screened from both, qreas. There was e significant difference (X2, p<0.05) in Infection rates between the HIV/AIDS and HIV-negative patients* This-study aimed at detecting the prevalence of intestinal mlcrosporldia to provide baseline data on the status of this disease In Nigeria. Detection of Microsporidia in Immuno-cortipromlsed patients- has not been described previously in this area.
Open Access
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF CANINE MYIASIS IN JOS - SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-08-15) Ogo, I.N.; Mwansat, G.S.; Jambalang, A.; Ogo, M.F.; Onovoh, E.; Ogunsan, E.A.; Dogo, G.I.; Banyigy, S.; Odoya, E.M.; Chukwu, O.C.; Andrew, Yako B.; Inyama, P.U.
An evaluation of veterinary clinical records from Jos- South L.G.A of Plateau State, Nigeria between January 1998 and December, 2003 to determine the seasonal and age/ prevalence of canine .myiasis was conducted. Of the 43,734 dogs presented during the period of the investigation, 2,674 (6.11%) were positive for myiasis. 2,026 (75.80%) of-the positive cases occurred during rainy season, while dogs of less than 6 months had the highest number of infestation 2072 (77.50%). The public health significance of the infestation pattern is discussed.
Open Access
Intestinal Parasites of Edible Snails (Achatina spp) Sold at Lokoja international iVlarket, Lokoja. Kogi State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2006-01-10) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Jimoh, R.
Open Access
MASSIVE FISH POND CULTURE AND MALARIA PARASITE TRANSMISSION
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2006-04-01) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila
Open Access
ABUNDANCE OF MOSQUITOES OF SOME SELECTED AREAS ON THE JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-14) Andrew, Yako B.; Anyanwu, G.I.; Ogo, N.I.; Auta, K.I
Mosquitoes generally are pests, and their bites make life unbearable and uncomfortable,;. present case study suggests that larger water holdings in and around our homes lead to an increase stages of larval‘development. Some species of mosquitoes described and identified thus, include; Culex annidioris, Ctilex,pipients fatigansj Aedes aedimorphus cuunwiini; Aedes aedi/nerphus domesticus, Anopheles moucheti, and Anopheles funesUts complex.. I wo tribes of mosquitoes: The Anophilis which arc vectors of human malaria and culicini of bird malaria • . as well their medical importance, are being discussed. Others are known today as dangerous vectors. The. //lain , difference being a simple feature of lliuir behaviour whether or not they-bile map i.e. anthropopldlic or animals i.c. ■ zoophilia Ho wever, there was no mean difference, in the distribution of mosquitoes specie in selected areas on the ./ox Plateau given that P<4.-26 (ANOVA~P<95 critical value) and there was a mean difference in the total . population of mosquitoes, collected in various pools in selected areas on l{le Jos Plateau given that P>3.6S iANOVA~P>95 critical value).
Open Access
Gastro Intestinal Helminths Of Pigs Slaughtered At The Jos Abattoir, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Imandeh, N.G.
A Carcial Case Study Was Carried Out On The Gastro - Intestinal Helminths Of Pigs Slaughtered In The Jos Abattoir.
Open Access
Family Eimeridae:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics ofcoccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Eimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found infected with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimeria mitis 28(11%) with the least in E. tenella 1(0.0%) among the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, Shows the level of immunity of various breeds of chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market IQ-? 40>5.99) at 5% level of significance. However, farmers" should ensure adequate safety standards and ' tainted the relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT MICRO NUTRIENTS LEVEL OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY ADULTS AFTER A DIETARY INTERVENTION BASED ON AGE AND GENDER IN NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-22) Nweze, C.C.; Solomon, M.; Andrew, Yako B.; Ijeoma, A.U.
Immunologic functions, particularly cell-mediated immunity, declines with age, contributing to the increased incidence of infectious diseases in the elderly. The study looked at vitamin C, vitamin E, and a-carotene levels in plasma of 150 healthy adults of 96 men and 54 women aged between 30 and 74 years. The subjects were randomly grouped into three at baseline for further dietary studies. Either 1 capsule per day of antioxidant nutraceuticai (Forever living product) (containing vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin C 60mg and a- carotene 2000 meg of vitamin A) or cheap and affordable indigenous antioxidant functional foods of equivalent vitamin composition oforanges, carrots, and soybean bottled water. The first dose was dispensed and followed up for six months. The result showed that the vit C, E and a- concentration of antioxidant treated groups were or carotene positively influenced titan the placebo group Gm 1 CAT m Grp 3 (AT-F). was affected more positively than the ant oxidant' Grp 2 (AT-N) Vitamin C, E, and a-carotene concentrations of the elderly are beyond reference/norma] range of blood p|asma.
Open Access
Vector competence and transmission rates of Onchocerciasis in Two Local Government areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2006-04-23) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Amuga, G.A.; Tongjura, J.D.C.
Open Access
CD4+ count AIDS patient infected, with pathogenic microsporidiosis in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-09-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D.; Molta, N.B.; Omalu, I.C.J.
Pathogenic microsporidian was established among 96 AIDS-infected individuals where 966,42 (2.1%) males were confirmed positive with CD4+ count less than <335 cell/mm3 and-in the female category 1,042,54 (5.7%) had infection with CD4+ count less than <420 cell/mm3 at the first CD4+ count. Because of the pathogenic strain of microsporidiosis, diarrhoea was observed alongside other clinical symptoms at the second CD4+ count after 90 days, among the age of . 30-39 years old, the CD4+ count gradually droped to less than <200 cell/mm3 indicating high risk, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infection established. However, there was no significant relationship among sexes given that, Z=1.039 <± 1.96 in other words, microsporidian was depended on age which shows a very close significant relationship among age groups (p- 815 > 0.05).
Open Access
Some Aspects of the Biology of Protopterus annectens (Owen) in Jachi Dam near Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2006-11-06) Oniye, S.J.; Adebote, D.A.; Usman, S.K.; Makpo, James Kpuk
Some aspects of the biology of Protopterus annectens (Owen) were studied using 176 specimens purchased from fishermen in Jachi dam, near Katsina, northern Nigeria, from August to October 2005. The fish length ranged from 19.30 to 39.60 cm while the weight ranged from 13.0 to 420 g. The regression coefficient (b) was 3.17, indicating positive allometric growth pattern. The mean condition factor (k) was 0.47, but individual k-values ranged from 0.20 to 0.73. The pectoral-pelvic fins' length relationships showed high proportionate growth rate (b = 0.99). The correlation coefficient (r) of pectoral and pelvic fins relationships with total length of fish was 0.64 and 0.73, respectively. Analysis of the gut content showed that the fish consumed more plant material (86.81%) than insects (7.24%), molluscs (4.97%) and fish remains (0.97%).
Open Access
Seroprevalence of Microsporidiosis in Inumunocompromised Patients in Kano, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2007-04-13) Omalu, I.C.J.; Duhlinska, D.D; Anyanwu, G.J.; PAM, V.A.; Inyama, P.U.; Andrew, Yako B.
Microsporidial infections have- been, recognized as an increasingly important in immuncompromised patients, particularly those infected with Hiv/Aids. Stool Samples were examined for microsporidial spores by modified Giemsa staining technique and IgG antibodies to Microsporidia in Sora samples were detected by ELISA. Fcncal examination showed that M/192 (7.29%) oflilV/AIDS patients.hr.d microsporidia, comprising-IintcrQcytozoon biancusi 8/14 (57.-14%), Encephaljtozoon intestinalis 5/M (35.71 %) and mixed infection of.batli 1/14 (7.14%), while 0/50 of HIV-negative patients had microsporidia, The difference between them was not significant (x*> p>0.05). Enterocytozooh bicncusi Was detected, in 3/23 (13.04%) and 3/35 . (8.57% ) of TB/HIV/AIDS and TB/HIV-ncgativc patients. Serologioal evaluation showed that 22/168 (13.1.0%) of TIIV/ AIDS and 2/60 (3.33%) of HIV-negative patients were seropositive. There was n significant difference ; (X2* p<0.05) in Jreir infection rates. 0/30 of TB patients were seropositive. There wins a significant association • (p<0.05) bom con patients with Miorosporidiu and CD4 lymphocytes counts of $50 colls pL"1 and also with • diaiyhoea. This study aims at investigating Ihe occurrence of Mioronporidia in immunocompromised patients in order to provides baseline information on the status of Microsporidiosis in Kano-Nigeria. Detection of Microsporidia in immunocompromised patients has not been described previously in this area.