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Open Access
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF Simuiiid larvae (Simuliidae) IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-06-02) Tongjura, J.D.C.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Amuga, G.A.; Mafuyai, H.B.
Open Access
ECTOPARASITES INFESTING LIVESTOCK IN THREE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS (LGAs) OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-03-05) Tongjura, J.D.C.; Amuga, G.A.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Azamu, Y.; Mafuiya, H.B.
Open Access
INTESTINAL PROTOZOANS AND HELMINTHES IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A K WANG A GENERAL HOSPITAL, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-09-30) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Pennap, G.R.; Hussaini, F.A.
Open Access
COLOUR AFFINITY TO MOSQUITO OVIPOSITION IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, NASARAYVA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-03-25) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Tongjura, J.D.C.; Samuel, M.D.
A study on colour affinity was carried out in artificial container colours under field conditions. A total of eight different container colours of 2L plastic containers were .used as artificial mosquito composition containers. These were filled with equal quantity of water and placed in the botanical garden, Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa Stare University Kelli. The containers were observed every day for mosquito larvae. The mosquito larvae were collected and identified. A total of 463 larvae belonging to three genera, A cries, Culcx and Anoplji'lcs wax identified. The highest occurring genus was Acdcs with 252 (54.4%) larvae, followcdby Culcx 1,67 (36.1%) larvae and Anopheles with 44 (9,5%) larvae. The* colour affinity of mosquito oviposition was in this order: Black 117 (25.3%), Purple 81 (17.5%), Brown 65 (14.0%), Red 59 (12.7%), Blue 51 (11.0%), Green 40 (8.6%), Yellow 30 (6.5%) and white 20 (4.3%). The species occurrence with respect to container colours differ significantly ( P< 0.05) and the species occurrence with respect to months also differed significantly (P<0.05). The result of this study indicates that colours play great role in mosquito abundance in environment.^Therefore, the avoidance of indiscriminate disposal of artificial coloured containers in our communities should be encouraged.
Open Access
Hepatitis B Virus Carriage among Students of a Nigerian Tertiary Institution: A Cohort of Eligible Blopd Donors
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-09-23) Pennap, G.R.; Nwachukwu, O.; Ishaleku, D.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila
Hepatitis B virus infection may go unnoticed because >50% of the cases are subclinical. Infected people therefore either unconsciously contribute to the transmission*of the virus or do not seek medical attention with a resultant liver cirrhosis or. hepatocellular carcinoma. This gtudy was mooted to provide a prevalence baseline data in a cohort that is eligible for blood donations with a view to instituting proactive prevention programmes. About 200 students that indicated willingness to participate in this study'were recruited. About 5 mL of venous blood was taken from each student and the resultant serum screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using smart Check HBsAg ELISA (Giobalmed, South Africa (PTY) Cape Town). Positive samples were confirmed with Clinotech HBsAg test kit (Clinotech diagnostic and Pharmaceuticals, Canada). Screening was performed according to the manufacturers instructions. Of the 200 samples screened, 23 (11.5%) tested positive. There was no statistically significant association between the viral infection and gender, age, having multiple sex partners, possession of tribal marks and dmg injections (p>0.05). This prevalence of 11.5% is a cause for alarm especially in a cohort that is eligible for blood donation. It is therefore necessary to intensify health promotion efforts in the tertiary institutions.
Open Access
Prevalence of Helminth Eggs at Irrigation Site of River Antau In Keffi Local Government Area, Nasaravva State.
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-12-31) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Tongjura, J.D.C.; Odion, P.
Water samples from River Antau were collected from different points at irrigation site and examined for presence of helminth eggs, using sedimentation technique for laboratory analysis and helminth eggs were observed microscopically. A total of 110 (100%) water samples were collected out of which 61 (55.45%) were positive with helminth eggs. The following types of ! ! helminth eggs were observed. Schistosoma haematobium 21 (34.4%), Schistosoma mansoni 15 (24.6%), Hookworm 10 (16.4%), Fasciola hepatica 7 (11.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides 5 (8.2%) and Trichuris trichiura 3 (4.9.%). Satistically, there is a significant difference on the monthly distribution (chi-square 39.35, df 3, P<0.05), as well as between helminth eggs distribution and types of helminth eggs (chi-square = 21.79 df = 5, P<0.05). It was also noted that there is no significant difference between the relative dry and wet periods and location of helminth eggs in River Antau (chi-square - 1.624, df - 1, P>0.05). Hence, there should be effort to avoid influx of these helminth eggs to irrigation sites, conversely contaminate the crops and vegetables which are later consumed by the farmers or other consumers in the community
Open Access
TESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Entamoeba histolytica IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-01-16) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Makpo, James Kpuk; Banyingyi, H.A.; Eke, S.S.
prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections with special reference to Entamoeba histolytica was conducted in fi and Karu Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, with a view to provide information for effective control ; fees for parasitic infections in the study-areas. Fresh stool samples were collected randomly from 275.individuals of both "aged 1-60 yearsjljh the two Local Government Areas. The samples were processed and examined for parasitological lence of infection:vising temporary wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. A total of 150 individuals 55%) were infected with at least one of 5 species of intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica (24.73%), hookworm 09%), Entanibebtilcpli (9.45%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6.55%) and Schistosoma mansoni (7.27%). Prevalence of infection . age-specific, highest in the 11-20 year-old-age-group with lowest prevalence in those aged above 50 years (33.46%). There ; decrease in infection rate with intestinal parasites with increase in age of volunteered participants, however, prevalence of ;clion between males and females was similar, males (54.36%) anjl females (54.76%). There were significant differences in valence of infection based on toilet types used by participants (X =4.49, df- 3, p < 0.05). Those participants using water ern had a prevalence of 44,44%, while pit latrinct^users recorded a prevalence of 65.74%. There were significant differences ifection prevalencfrin relation to occupation (X = 8.036, df=5,p< 0.05). Civil servant/farmers recorded (64.S6%) while ennen recorded (22.5SP/o), which was the lowest rate in occupational groups. Observations revealed indiscriminate defecation, lation and throwing of garbage into water bodies around houses, were common practices among the people, as well as ng fruits that werenVot properly washed. While, domestic animals mingled with human population at certain water points. i provision of regular safe water supply, good health-care services with affordable chemotherapy and introduction of health ication will go a long way to control and reduce morbidity in the study areas.
Open Access
CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND FOOD PROPERTIES^? LIMA BEAN (PTJASEOLUS LUNATUS L.) SEEDS GROWN IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2010-06-17) Aremu, M.O.; Salau, R.B.; Olowoniyi, F.D.; Ambo, I.A.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Maxwell, C.K.
The nutritional composition and functional properties*of lima bean were studied using standard analytical techniques. The results gave proximate composition as follows: moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate were 3.8 2.10, 4.0 1.50, 3.2 0.50, 2.5.9 2.30, 2.50 0.05 and 60.6%, respectively. The results also showed that the predominant mineral was Ca (147AmgflOOg) followed by Mg (I42.2mg/I00g). Other minerals determined were Fe, P, Mn, Ni, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Crwith concentrations of 56.0,10.7, 2.6,1.7,1.4, 1.3, 1.31 p.4 and 0.2mg/100g sample, respectively while harmful metals such as Cd and Pb were not at the detectable range of.AAS. The sample contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids with the first limiting amino acid as Met + Cys (0.49g/100g crude protein). Functional properties results were: foaming capacity (6.0 2.5%), foaming stability (75.0 1.0%), water absorption capacity (360.0 6.0%), oil absoi-ption capacity (356.0 1.5%), emulsion capacity (50.0 5.0gmV), emulsion stability (65.0 3.0gmL1), least gelaiionconcentration (12.0 2.0%) and bulk density (0.39356 0.5gmV). The studied sample could therefore be good sources of protein and supplement cereal diets in raising the biological value significantly.
Open Access
TRACE METALS IN YOGHURT AND 'NONO' sold in KEFFI, NASAKAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarwa State University, Keffi., 2010-06-30) Makpo, James Kpuk; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Andrew, Yako B.; Towobola, A.A.; Banyingyi, H.A.
presence of trace elements in 30 yoghurt and 'nouo1 samples from Keffi metropolis of Nasarawa state were nined. Atomic absorbtion spectrometer with microwave sample digestion was used in this study. The \enls t-test calculated were: Zn (15.29), Ca (16.84), Mg (16.31), Sc (S.04), Cu (23.59), and Fe (12.37) while students t-test tabulated was 1.699. whereas the students t-test calculated for chromium was 0.73 and lenls t-test tabulated was 1.708. The trace elements in yoghurt decreased in the order of Cn>Fc>Cu>Cr>Sc>Zn Ca>Mg>Fe>Cr>Cu>Se>Zn in *Nono. No statistically significant difference was observed at the 5% level of lability in the case of Zn, Ca, Mg, Se, Cu, Fe, and Cr in the yoghurt and 'nono' assessed, but there was a \fican t difference in the con tents of Fe. Al, Pb, and Cd in the majori ty of the sample concen tru lions were below ction limit of the equipment used. The level of the trace elements investigated in yoghurt and 'nono' was high igh compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), Recommended Dietary Allowances (DRA) and World llh Organisation (WHO) lewis for consumers. Heavy metals which are toxic even at low concentrations icularly, Al, Pb, Cd were not detected in the samples investigated and as sudi, the consumption of yoghurt \Nono' will pose no danger to consumers. Therefore, the two products, yoghurt and ‘nono’ arc good sources inerals required bythehuman body1.
Open Access
PREVALENCE OF GEOHELMINTHS IN SOME PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN'KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2010-04-11) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Makpo, James Kpuk; Banyingyi, H.A.; Anukpo, D.I.
The investigation of prevalence and distribution of Geohelminths, invariably as source of information to the populace of some epidemiological factors, which flourish Geohelminths infection in various communities. Out of 128 soil samples examined, 85 (66.4%) __were confirmed positive for geohelminths using centrifugal floatation technique. The result revealed Strongyloides stercoralis (37.5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (16.4%,), Ascaris lumbricoides (10.9%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.6%) presence. Percentage isolation of the geohelminthsn from the schools were both ECWA High School, and ECWA Primary School recorded the highest prevalence of (83.3%) followed by Baptist School (79.2%), Angwan Lambu (54.2%), Happy Home (41.7%) and Victory Baptist High School (37.5%). There was a significant difference between the prevalence and type of parasites encountered in the soil examined (x2 = 64.7, df = 5, P < 0.05), the prevalence of geohelminths in relation to soil sites showed a highly '■'■significant difference between the sites of collection, (ANOVA Fcel = 5}3'6, df= 12, P<0.05). Statistically, there was no significant difference between the prevalence of geohelminths in relation to waste disposal niethods (x7 = 4.01, df = 17, P > 0.05). From observations, epidemiological factors in consonance with environmental conditions were the major risk factors for easy contacts with geohelminths. This also points to the fact that many school children are still exposed to .worm infection requiring accessibility to cheap and affordable anti-helminthic drugs. Deworming of high risk groups and good sanitary conditions are recommended to reduce the burden of gephelminths in these schools.
Open Access
A SURVEY OF PARASITE CYSTS AND EGGS (OVA) ON NIGERIAN CURRENCY NOTES IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2019-03-18) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Tongjura, J.D.C.; Hassan, S.C.; Ajuzie, U.
Contaminated naira note associated with parasitic pathogen have become of health concern in Nigeria, causing different diseases. Naira notes in circulation in Kefli Local Government Area of Nasarawa State were studied for a period of four months (March-Junc. 2015) in Zoology Laboratory of Nasarawa Slate University to ascertain the prevalence of parasites cysts and eggs on Nigerian currency. A total of two hundred (200) samples of Nigeria naira notes consisting of Fifty (50) pieces of each naira denomination (5. 10. 20 and 50) only were randomly collected. The notes were collected with hands covered with hand gloves into sterile polythene bags labeled according to their denominations and were conveyed to Zoology Laboratory Nasarawa State University for analysis. The samples were collected from traders, transporters, food vendors, students and some commercial banks in Keffi. Each currency note was swabbed using swab stick and thereafter folded and inserted into a sterile bottle. 10ml of sterile normal saline was poured on each of the sampled notes. Thc resultant sediment was examined microscopically to discover parasite cysts and eggs (ova), out of thc two hundred naira notes examined 40 (20%) were contaminated by cysts and eggs of parasites. The parasites encountered included histolytica accounted for 04(02%). G. lamblia 04(02%), A lumbricoides 12(06%) and Hook Worm (Ova) 20(10%). Statistically, using Chi- Square test, there was significant difference between prevalence of the parasites and the naira denominations (p<0.05). Also, there was significant difference between prevalence of the parasites and the collection areas (P<0.05). No contamination was found on the mint naira notes obtained from some of the commercial banks. Hence, it was concluded that the likelihood of contacting infections from cysts and eggs due to contaminated naira notes in transaction is high. There is need for improvement of hygiene amongst the populace to avoid transmission of these parasitic organisms in humans also the cashless system should be highly encouraged and promoted in the country
Open Access
CASES OF MALARIA AND TYPHOID FEVER CO-INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY CLINIC, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2010-06-23) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Ishaleku, D.; Abubakar, O.Y.
Jn this study, 2000 blood samples were collected among the patients attending Nasarawa State University clinic with the symptoms for malaria and typhoid fever between January and June, 2009. Parasitological examination was employed in which both thin and thick blood smears were prepared for diagnosing malaria parasites, while widal test was used for the diagnosis of typhoid parasites. ^The results showed that 114 (5.70%) patients were positive for malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum), 145 (7.25%) were positive for the co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever, while 79 (3.95%) were positive for typhoid fever. Statistically, there was significant difference between co-infection of malaria pararsites/ typhoid and gender (x2 - 3.841, df = 1, P< 0.05), age group (x2 - 87.5, df = 5, P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the coinfection of malaria parasites/ typhoid and patient's occupation (x2 = 11.07, df = 5, P <0.05)., There was significant difference in the studied factors and malaria parasites as well as typhoid parasites infection P<0.05. From this study it is noted that malaria/ typhoid co-infection is a public health problem, which requires adequate diagnosis and proper choice of drugs for effective treatment of patients.
Open Access
A STUDY OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEM A TOBIUM AMONG THE INHABITANTS OF UDEGE COMMUNITY IN NASARAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2010-06-14) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila
The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was conducted from January to May 2009, * Udege Community of Nasarawa Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Using yd Centrifugal Sedimentation Method\ out of the 205 urine of 34 (16.6%) with mean egg count of 59.1 egg/ 10ml of urine were examined. There was significant difference between the studied gender and Schistosoma haematobium intensity (t-test, tc3/ value - 2.83, P <0.05), prevalence of infection of Schistosoma haematobium between gender (P <0.05). Children of age between 6-10 years old recorded the peak prevalence (19.0%). High frequency of visible haematuria was observed in fishing occupation (9.8%). While civil service (2.5%) was the least. There was significant correlation between the prevalence of infection and visible haematuria (r = 0.87, P <0.05). The - study recommended portable water, good sanitation, health education and accessibility to drug of 0 choice praziquantel at affordable cost.
Open Access
EFFECTS OF IN TESTINAL PARASITES ON PUPILS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IN TWO PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KOKONA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Zoology, Nasarwa State University, Keffi., 2008-04-12) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Amuga, G.A.
This study investigated the impact of human intestinal parasites on school attendance of 179 pupils from two primary schools in Kokona Local Government Area of Nasarawa Slate, Nigeria. Direct smear and formal-ether concentration methods were used for. parasitological screening offcacal samples. An overall prevalence of 65.4% was observed showing higher infection rate in males (67.0%) than females (63.4%). The prevalence of human intestinal parasites was significantly high among pupils of ages 11 15 years old (P < 0.05). Schistosoma mansoni and Enterobius venniuilaris occurred in very low infection rates (1.1%) and did not show any significant effect on school attendance. The prevalence of human intestinal parasites was significantly high (Kruskal Wallis tests, P < 0.001) among pupils with high rate of absenteeism (less than 50% school attendance). The implications of these findings to pupil's academic performance are discussed.
Open Access
Immune Status of HIV/AIDS Patients with Hepatitis B Virus in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-04-11) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A.; Makpo, J.K.; Lar, P.; Auta, K.I.; Yako, J.B.; Banyigyi, H.A.
The CD4 counts of HIV positive individuals witli hepatitis B surface antigen was a factor used to determine the immune status among infectecjhndividuals in Benue state. Total 966 males infected with HIV, 15 (1.55%) were positives for HbsAg-fwith CD4 counts <335 cell pL“' and in die female category, 10 (0.95%) of 1042 weie positive foi HbsAg-r with die CD4+ counts <420 at die initial CD4 cells counts. According to age, individuals aged between 30 and 39 years were positive for HbsAg+ with'their CD4 counts <;335 cell pL"'. The least in terms ot HbsAg-h carriage (0,34%) were those k50 years whose CD4 read <224 cell pL~l. After an interval of 6 months, die CD4 level declined' to <100 cell pL~'. However, tliere was a significant relationship in the degree of infection among sexes (Z = 0.40<3=1.96). HbsAg+ carriage rate was dependent on age (x2 = 7.82<0.05).
Open Access
CD4+ count AIDS patient infected, with pathogenic microsporidiosis in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-09-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D.; Molta, N.B.; Omalu, I.C.J.
Pathogenic microsporidian was established among 96 AIDS-infected individuals where 966,42 (2.1%) males were confirmed positive with CD4+ count less than <335 cell/mm3 and-in the female category 1,042,54 (5.7%) had infection with CD4+ count less than <420 cell/mm3 at the first CD4+ count. Because of the pathogenic strain of microsporidiosis, diarrhoea was observed alongside other clinical symptoms at the second CD4+ count after 90 days, among the age of . 30-39 years old, the CD4+ count gradually droped to less than <200 cell/mm3 indicating high risk, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infection established. However, there was no significant relationship among sexes given that, Z=1.039 <± 1.96 in other words, microsporidian was depended on age which shows a very close significant relationship among age groups (p- 815 > 0.05).
Open Access
SHEA-BUTTER,EXTRACTION BY A NUTRlTIONAL. VALUE IN RELATION TO ANALYTIC EVALUATION AND STANDARDISATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FOR DOMESTIC USE.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-04-23) Yakubu, D.D.; Andrew, Yako B.
A nutritional value in relatiorn to, analytic-extraction by evaluation and standardization of polysaccharide (shea-butter) for domestic use was carried out. Indeed this' butter,; which is an extract from the shea-nuts, has a lot of nutritional value contained in it. Questionnaires were employed on the community around on the process they adopt in the extraction^this butter. Thus, that same method was used for this research work but with some analytic modification for the purposes of obtaining better and more reliable results. The method employed in the extraction of this oil was by crushing, grinding and boiling of the paste'. The experimental design was used in the analysis of this research work and from the analysis shows that shea-butter contained Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Proteins, Fats & Oils. The oil Can be used for domestic purposes and also medicinal as it is known for relieving sprain constipation etc. based on the nutritional & medicinal value of shear-butter, it can be processed and exported in commercial quantity.
Open Access
PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT MICRO NUTRIENTS LEVEL OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY ADULTS AFTER A DIETARY INTERVENTION BASED ON AGE AND GENDER IN NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-22) Nweze, C.C.; Solomon, M.; Andrew, Yako B.; Ijeoma, A.U.
Immunologic functions, particularly cell-mediated immunity, declines with age, contributing to the increased incidence of infectious diseases in the elderly. The study looked at vitamin C, vitamin E, and a-carotene levels in plasma of 150 healthy adults of 96 men and 54 women aged between 30 and 74 years. The subjects were randomly grouped into three at baseline for further dietary studies. Either 1 capsule per day of antioxidant nutraceuticai (Forever living product) (containing vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin C 60mg and a- carotene 2000 meg of vitamin A) or cheap and affordable indigenous antioxidant functional foods of equivalent vitamin composition oforanges, carrots, and soybean bottled water. The first dose was dispensed and followed up for six months. The result showed that the vit C, E and a- concentration of antioxidant treated groups were or carotene positively influenced titan the placebo group Gm 1 CAT m Grp 3 (AT-F). was affected more positively than the ant oxidant' Grp 2 (AT-N) Vitamin C, E, and a-carotene concentrations of the elderly are beyond reference/norma] range of blood p|asma.
Open Access
Family Eimeridae:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics ofcoccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Eimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found infected with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimeria mitis 28(11%) with the least in E. tenella 1(0.0%) among the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, Shows the level of immunity of various breeds of chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market IQ-? 40>5.99) at 5% level of significance. However, farmers" should ensure adequate safety standards and ' tainted the relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
New deployment of Transfluthrin effects into a long-lasting Insecticide paint formulation with dual action Results Of Laboratory Efficacy Studies Against Disease Vectors
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-04-19) Sarah, Delacour; Vladimir, Oropeza; Rose, Estrada; Javier, Lucientes; Andrew, Yako B.; Hassan, S.C.; Olayinka, M.D.; Ignacio, GIL; Pilar, Mateo