Evaluation of Geospatial Climatic Variation and Aridity trend of the Jigawa State, Nigeria

This study investigated evaluation of geospatial climatic variation and aridity increase, high risk zone with annual seasonal variation for a period of thirty years (30 years) from 1990 to 2020 in Jigawa State. Climatic data for this work are global data sources, which include; Tropical Application of Meteorology Satellite (TAMSAT) and NASA Earth observatory. Temperature data was acquired from NASA Earth observatory while precipitation data and evapotranspiration data were obtained from TAMSAT respectively. The seasonal variation of Jigawa State was investigated using an excel spread sheet to compare precipitation and temperature in the extreme Jigawa north and Jigawa south of the areas was also analyzed to find a critical environmental factor in determining the evolution of natural vegetation by considering the water stress which may occur during reduction of vegetation cover. Results showed that there was higher evapotranspiration and temperature but less precipitation in the northern part of Jigawa state. The rate of evapotranspiration is also high from 2011 to 2020. Aridity ranges for the Jigawa state are characterized by very high aridity and very low aridity. Aridity is very high in the extreme north of Jigawa, with an aridity value of 0.20 and a land area of 9,062.7 km2 or 39 percent (%) land mass; aridity is very low in the extreme south of Katsina, with a value of 0.40 and a land area of 5,044.5 km2 or 22 percent (%) land mass. There is more precipitation in southern Jigawa than in the northern part. On the other way round, the temperature is higher in northern Jigawa than in the southern part.