Department of Educational Foundations

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Open Access
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN INCLUSIVE AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN NORTH CENTRAL GEO-POLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-09-09) Jerry, Jummai E.; Mayange, Levi Terzungwe
In the olden days people perceive education of children with disabilities in special schools as the best system of realizing their educational goals; but with current researchers revealed that this system deprives them from exploring their academic performances. Therefore this study was carried out to ascertain, if the academic achievement of children with disabilities from inclusive setting are better than those from special schools, and if the psychosocial behaviour of children in special school affect their academic performance and their social roles more than those in inclusive settings. Three research questions were formulated into three null hypotheses. The study used survey design conducted in the six geo-political states including the federal capital. One hundred and forty subjects were used by means of simple random sampling techniques from inclusive and special schools. Structured questionnaire was used in the study; validation and reliability of the instrument were tested in the sample schools. Three hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive analysis and three null hypotheses were tested, at 0.05 level of significance, t - test of statistic was used as the statistic techniques in this study. The findings revealed that there is significant difference in the academic achievement of children in special schools and those in inclusive settings. This was in favour of those in special schools. Based on these findings recommendations were made that, government of all tiers shoidd provide funds and employment more supportive staff in inclusive setting for better result
Open Access
ACADEMIC HARDINESS AS DETERMINANT OF ACHIEVEMENT IN MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION AMONG COLLEGE OF EDUCATION STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-01-01) Oke, Tunde Dayo; Odule, Christopher Yemi
Strenuous academic pressure and limited social and personal time can add to the normal stress ofl ife and begin to have negative effect on a person. Academic hardiness helps to insulate students from the effects of stress and predicts future academic well-being. The study examines academic hardiness as determinant of achievement in Measurement and Evaluation among College of Education students in Ogun State. The participants comprise 210 third year students randomly selected from Federal, State and Private Colleges of Education in Ogun State. Year three students were used because they have completed the course content of Measurement and Evaluation in their second year. A modifiedform ofL opez et al (2005) Revised Academic Hardiness Scale (RAHS) was used to assess students' academic hardiness while their achievement in Measurement and Evaluation was measured by a 40-item multiple choice Measurement and Evaluation Achievement Test (MEAT). The modified RAHS has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 as a measure ofthe internal consistency of its items. The MEAT, on the other hand, achieved a 4-week test-re-test reliability coefficient of0.78 when pilot tested on a similar group. Data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic and One way Analysis of Variance. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between students' academic hardiness and achievement in Measurement and Evaluation and that students' academic hardiness differed significantly based on types of College of Education. The study recommended among others that exposure of students to the life and times of great inventors, achievers and highflyers in the education domain may serve as an impetus needed to kick-start the development of hardy attitude in the face of academic challenges.
Open Access
ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES ENGAGED IN BY THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-09-09) Mayange, Levi Terzungwe; Ngoho, Bukar Umar; Dyaji, Esther Joy; Bala, Sani Abdullahi
The study is a survey which identified the adjustment strategies engaged in by the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Borno State, Nigeria, reasons for their engagement, assistance rendered and those who rendered the most assistance to the IDPs in the State. The target population of the study comprised of all Internally Displaced Persons in Borno State, Nigeria. However, 2,160 IDPs were used as sample for the study. The subjects were derived from 4 government designated 1DP Camps in Jere and Maiduguri Metropolis made up of S62 (40%) males and 1,298 (60%) females using stratified random sampling techniques based on age, gender, marital status, family size, local government area, socio-economic background and occupation. Authors' self designed questionnaire tagged "Displaced Persons Adjustment Strategies Questionnaire (DPASQ)" was the instrument used to elicit data for the study. Five research questions and one null-hypothesis were answered and tested for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques of frequency counts, percentages, rank ordering; bar charts as luell as rank difference correlation coefficient (r) at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Findings of the study revealed cap making and washing, laundry services, street begging* bricklaying, hair plaiting, nails cutting and prostitution as some of the adjustment strategies engaged in by the Internally Displaced Persons in Bomo State, Nigeria. Reasons for engaging in such strategies include inadequate feeding, poverty and family pressure.Some of the assistance rendered to the IDPs were inform of food items, accommodation, water and toiletries by intra and international donor agencies, government at all levels and philanthropists. The study established significant difference between gender and adjustment strategies engaged in by the IDPs in Borno State, Nigeria. Some of the implications for counselling proffered were prompt relocation of the IDPs to their various destinations, acquisition of entrepreneurial training skills to be supported by soft loans/tools at the end of the training programme and construction of counselling clinics for the provision of individual and group counselling therapy in the areas of value re-orientation, behaviour modification and vocational counselling by qualified counsellors among others.
Open Access
ALTERNATIVE CLASSROOM CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-01-01) Osu, Tanimu; Aminu, Danladi Abubakar
The study was targeted to look at Continuous assessment strategies that will Carter for those with learning disabilities that can hardly or never cope with the strategies that are used by teachers in the normal classroom situation. The paper looked at concepts of Continuous assessment as a strategy for monitoring students learning progress in the process of teaching to ascertain the strength and weakness of teaching methods as while as the students learning outcome. Continuous assessment is a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students’ achievements of intended instructional outcomes. The researchers also defined Learning disabilities as a number of conditions that might affect the acquisition, organization, retention, understanding or use of verbal or nonverbal information. These disorders affect learning in individuals who otherwise demonstrate at least average abilities essential for thinking and/or reasoning. Again learning strategies was defined as techniques that maximize student strengths and provide structures that enable students to learn more effectively. Some examples of learning strategies include use of graphic or advance organizers, assistive software, mental rehearsal and visualization techniques. Three types of alternative continuous assessment strategies were identified which include Checklists/rating scales, Portfolios/bodies of evidence and Performance assessments (performance events). The researchers recommended the• inclusion of these strategies in our curriculum and workshops and conferences should be organized for teachers and administrators
Open Access
AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS AFFECTING GIRL-CHILD EDUCATION IN FUNTUA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KATSINA STATE
(Department of Educational Foundations, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2003-08-19) Abdulkareem, Yunusa
The purpose oft his study was to investigate into the factors affecting girl-child education in Funtua Local Government Area of Katsina State. The sample comprised 150 respondents: 78 males and 72 females both literate and illiterate adults of 30 years and above. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested. Data were analyzed using the x2 (chi-square) test statistics of 0.5 level of significance. Results indicated that parents' level of education; socio-economic status and male attitudes accounted for low enrolment of girl-child in the primary and post primary institutions in the area of the study. Suggestions were made as to how the attitude ofparents-male in particular couldfiirther influence positively girl-child education.
Open Access
Analysis of Differential Item Functions of Mathematical-Economics Item Structured Test Forms Based on Item Difficulty Levels in Colleges of Education, Enugu State, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-11-11) Salihu, Abdullahi Galle; Gbende, Samson Kale; Ibrahim, Suleiman Agahu
The study of Mathematical-economics is paramount to all the Economics students in Nigerian tertiary institutions in the enhancement of growth and nation development. In actualizing the dream goal of the subject two modern theories were anchored thus: Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) to evaluate the study. Hence, the researchers evaluated differential item functions of Mathematical-economics item structured test forms (easy-to-hard, hard-to-easy and randomversions) based on item difficulty levels in colleges of education, Enugu State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study and co-relational research design was adopted. The population of study consisted of all 6420 Federal, State, and Private NCE 1 Economics students 2018-2019 academic season and a simple random sample of 610 NCE1 Economics students were selected for the study. Mathematical-Economics Achievement Test (MEAT) was used for data collection. MEAT was validated which yielded 0.86 validity index and 0.84 reliability index. Data were analyzed using factor analysis (TID,MH, LR CTT-based andX2 and Raju’s IRT-based). The result reveals that examinees gain advantages of easy-to-hard than hard-easy or even a random version test forms and differential item structured correct responses to the items for examinees with the same ability levels. It was recommended that economics lecturers in colleges of education should use easy-to-hard test form to evaluate examinees considering with psychometric functions of evaluation for valid decisions.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE WEST AFRICAN SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty Of Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-03-07) Salihu, Abdullahi Galle; Alaku, Emmanuel Monica; Samuel, John
This Study Focused On The Investigation Of Psychometric Properties Of English Language West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) In Borno Hyptheses Guided The Study. Probability Proportionate Sampling Technique Was Used. Particularly The Cluster Sampling For Selection Of The Sample Of Study.
Open Access
APPLICATION OF CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ECONOMICS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty Of Education, Nasarawa State University, keffi., 2018-03-18) Salihu, Abdullahi Galle; Aminu, Danladi Abubakar; Bala, Bulus Sakks
Cross sectional survey research design was used to investigate the application of Continuous Assessment strategies for effective teaching and learning of Economics in Colleges of Education in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 2500 from Economics Department, Nasarawa State Colleges of Education.
Open Access
Application of Psychometric Properties of an Instrument for Assessing Students' Achievement in Quantitative Economics in Anambra State, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2020-09-12) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Blani, Audu Samson; Danladi, Uwelo
Psychometrics refers to psychological measurement that is devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities within education. The field is concerned with the objective measurement of skills and knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational achievement. Some psychometric researchers focus on the construction and validation of assessment instruments such as questionnaires, tests, raters' judgments, and personality tests. Therefore, this study investigated the application of psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing Quantitative Economics students' achievement in Dunukifia Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria in relation to item difficulty, distracter and discriminating items. From a target population of 5 selected secondary schools, asampleof 130 Economics students were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with the aid of a validated questionnaire for assessment with a reliability co-efficient of 0.89 index using the Kuder-Richerson 21 method. Data were analyzed using Psychometric Properties Statistics Model (PPSM) to answered research questions. The results show that items that were difficult, distracted and discriminated affected students' academic achievement in Quantitative Economics. It was recommended that Economics students should devote their time to study quantitative aspects of Economics in such way that it will improve their academic achievement. Keywords: Psychometric properties, instrument, achievement.
Open Access
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN QUANTITATIVE ECONOMICS IN DUNUKOFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundations, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-05-02) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Audu, Samson Blani; Uwelo, Danladi
The considerations of validity and reliability typically are viewed as essential elements for determining the quality of any instrument. However,, professional and practitioner associations frequently have placed these concerns within broader a given context. Psychometric is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.
Open Access
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING ECONOMICS STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT IN JAMA'A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2019-11-06) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Blani, Audu Samson
Open Access
Application of Tiger-Nations Education Type for Promoting Entrepreneurial Society in Nigeria through Vocational and Technical Education
(Department of Educational Foundations, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-09-07) Fagbemi, Olajide Abdulganiyyi; Sani, Yakubu; Muhammad Mainoma Hauwa’u
This paper discussed application of Tiger Nations Education type for promoting entrepreneurial society in Nigeria through vocational and technical education. The paper in its theoretical framework, discussed benefits of the tiger Nations Educational system to Nigeria. It also highlighted the mad blocks that militate against the adoption of the tigers Educational system in Nigeria. The paper concluded that Nigeria can become and economic gain of the world only if careful attention is paid to education and technological development as well as a promotion of creativity and innovation with its material and human resources channeled towards effective and productive use. Based on this conclusion, the paper suggested that to improve the welfare of workers, the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) and other affiliated unions can set the pace in establishing vocational and technical education centres in the local government areas where recruitable workers would acquire employability skills.
Open Access
Applications of Classroom Test Construction: The Power of a BIooms Taxonomy
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2018-05-18) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi
test is an important part of assessing students understanding of course content and their level of competency in applying what they are learning. Whether teacher use low-stakes and frequent evaluations-quizzes-or high-stakes and infrequent evaluations-midterm and final—careful design will help provide more calibrated results. Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. The three lists cover the learning objectives in cognitive, affective and sensory domains. The cognitive domain list has been the primary focus of most traditional education and is frequently used to structure curriculum learning objectives, assessments and activities. The models were named after Benjamin Bloom, who chaired the committee of educators that devised the taxonomy. Bloom's taxonomy (BT) can be used to help teachers frame the decision making process of test construction and improve the validity of teachers' evaluations based on tests constructed for classroom use. In this paper the researcher explain the purpose of a Bloom's taxonomy and how to use it to help construct classroom tests.
Open Access
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY OF E-CONFERENCING SYSTEM SERVICE: Implications for e-Quality Assessment for e-Learning
(Department of Educational Foundations, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-01-19) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Akande, Martina Taiwo
Technology application is one of the essential parts ofpeople's defy to day life activity for the improvement of their standards of living. Be it in business, domestics activity, conferences, seminars and workshops. E-con fere nee system service is one of the latest additions that has really helped the e-teachers. e-educators, e-researchers, e-schools ore-educational systems, e-security experts, emedicalpractitioners, e-business owners in this Corona Vines Disease (COldD-l9) pandemic. E-conferencing systems service are designed especially for online presentations of conference papers, seminars, workshops with audio or even video, and other tools such as: Synchronised Web browsing spom over the internet not like a traditional conference, workshops and seminars that is held in a hall or classroom. This method of e-conferencing systems sendee has become extremely important in the business and educational environment globally because of its endless benefits. E-assessment for e-learning is described as a process by which e-assessment information is used by e-teachers to adjust their e-teaching methods, and by e-students to adjust their e-learning methods for e-quality assessment and e-education generally. Therefore, this piper is qualitative in nature where it investigated the applications of technology of e-conferencing systems service with the implications fore-quality assessment for e-learning. The paper further highlighted the applications of technology of e-conference, principles, and challenges of e-conferencing systems service, determinants and principles of e-quality assessment for e-leanjing. The paper concluded and recommended among others that every teacher or researcher should be conversant with all the technological applications of e-conferencing system sendee in order to boost the e-quality assessment for e-learning.
Open Access
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY OF E-CONFERENCING SYSTEM SERVICE:IMPLICATIONS FOR E-QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR E-LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
(Department of Educational Foundations, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-04-12) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Akande, Martina Taiwo
This method of e-con farming systems sendee has become extremely important in the business and educational environment globally because of its endless benefits. Assessment for e-learning is described as a process by which e-assessment information is used ly e-teachers to adjust their teaching methods, and by e-students to adjust their learning methods for quality assessment and education generally. Therefore, this paper is qualitative in nature and investigated the applications of technology of econferencing systems service with the implications for quality assessmentfore-learning. The paper further lighted the applications of technology of e-conference, principles, challenges of e-conferencing systems service of quality assessment for e-learning in higher education. The study recommends among others that every teacher or researcher should be conversant with all the technological applications of e-conferencing system sendee in order to boost the e-quality assessment for e-leaniing in higher education.
Open Access
APPRAISING THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY PRODUCTS IN THE PROMOTION OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundation,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-07-13) Angough, U.A.
This paper is an appraisal of the role of university products in the promotion of political stability in Nigeria. The word appraisal connotes a judgement of value, performance or nature of something. Since this is an empirical topic, the method employed in writing the paper is also empirical although not all strategies that are normally required in empirical method are used here because the topic does not necessarily require such strategies as collection of data and analyzing them. Though it is not a philosophical topic, philosophical method has been used in the discussion. Nigeria has suffered for many years from the menace of many factors such as teachers and students unionism, examination malpractice, shortage of funds, unstable government and so on. These factors have frequently resulted to closure of institutions of learning and disrupted academic programmes. Teachers need constant research to enrich themselves and also acquire adequate knowledge to make them capable and efficient in their teaching. Students too need steady time to study without Disturbance University is an environment where learning and research are carried out. Dis-interested learning is of great importance in academic life. A student who cultivates the habit of dis-interested reading does so constantly without necessarily thinking about preparation for examination. It is such a student that gains more knowledge. In this paper, the belief is that the development of critical thinking and the education of emotion will help the university products to change their attitudes including attitudes of the masses. To educate their emotions to ensure that people's appraisals are not based on false beliefs and sentiments the change which will help in promoting political stability in Nigeria. The emphasis on critical thought and the education of emotions should not be construed to imply that they are the only qualities in the products that will promote political stability. They are the necessary qualities that will enhance the development of related and also necessary qualities such as courage, vitality, boldness among others.
Open Access
ASSESSEMENT OF SENIOR SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PLANT UTILIZATION AS CORRALTE OF THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2021-03-22) Allahnana, Kwanza Maikudi; Omofuma, Mercy Ajwanehi
This study investigated the reliability of school plant utilization and students ’ academic performance in south-south, Nigeria. Correlational survey research design was used in this study. The target population for this study comprised all 218050 SS2 students in public senior secondary schools of South-South Nigeria. In South-South geo-political Zone, there are 1679 senior secondary schools with principals, 20,870 teachers and in 1679 public senior secondary schools. A questionnaire titled Reliability of School Plant Utilization and Students’ Academic Performance (RSPUSAP) designed as an instrument for data collection. Content validity was used with the reliability index of 0.88 using Cron bach's alpha method. Means and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance using pvalues (probability values) of Pearson product moment correlation. Finding from the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between reliability index of school
Open Access
ASSESSING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON-VERBAL REASONING TEST AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (THREE) STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS FOR SOCIOLOGICAL CHANGE
(Department of Educational Foundation,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-09-05) Nwosu, Patience Ngozi; Adamu, L.E.
This paper assessed the relationship between Non-Verbal Reasoning Test and Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students in mathematics for sociological change. A population of 1,200 students from six co-educational schools in Giwa and Zaria educational zones of Kaduna State was used for the paper. In each school one arm of the intact class was selected using simple random sampling technique. The six selected classes were made up of 251 students which constituted the sample in this paper. Two instruments were used for this paper. They were mathematics achievement test which was developed by the researcher and validated by experienced secondary school mathematics teachers and experts in educational measurement and evaluation, and AH4 Part 11 Non-verbal Reasoning Test adopted from Alice Heim (1970). The test-retest method was used to obtain the reliability coefficient of mathematics achievement test which was 0.86. Two research questions were answered and . two null hypotheses were formulated. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were employed. Pearson was used to determine the degree of relationship of the variables. T-test was utilized to analyze the performance based on gender. The findings revealed there was significant relationship between AH4 Non-Verbal reasoning scores and Academic Achievement scores in mathematics. Also female students performed slightly better in their mean scores than the male students in Non-verbal reasoning test. Therefore, recommendations are that Non-Verbal materials should be incorporated into the school curriculum. Non-Verbal Reasoning Test should also be utilized to predict academic achievement especially where language and hearing problems appear to be prevalent. Peaceful co-existence will therefore prevail among students by streamlining their abilities in multi-dimensional approach.
Open Access
Assessing Teacher Ability on Test Construction and Economics Content Validity of Teacher-Made in Nasarawa State Secondary Schools, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty Of Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-02-07) Salihu, Abdullahi Galle
The study assessed teacher ability on test construction and Economics content validity of the teacher-made test in Nasarawa State secondary schools, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 110 Economics teachers was randomly selected from public and private senior secondary schools in Nasarawa north. The instrument for data collection was called Teachers Ability Questionnaire" (TAQ) contained 33 items. TAQ was validated by experts who yielded 0.78 indexes and Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability of the internal consistency which gave 0.82. Three research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation and three null hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that there was a significant mean difference in ability between professional teachers and non-professional teachers of Economics in test construction and there was a significant mean difference in ability between public school teachers and private school teachers of Economics in content validity among others. The study made the following recommended that: conference/workshops on items construction should organise to improve teachers' ability on valid test construction and proper evaluation routine by state government evaluators to ensure the reliable and valid content of the subject cover.
Open Access
Assessing Teachers Ability on Test Construction and Economics Content Validity in Nasarawa State Senior Secondary Schools, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Foundation, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-01) Salihu, Abdullahi Galle
The study assessed teacher ability on test construction and Economics content validity in Nasarawa State senior secondary schools, Nigeria. The content analysis and co-relational research design were adopted for the study. A sample of 95 Economics teachers was randomly selected from public and private senior secondary schools in Nasarawa north. The instrument for data collection was called Teachers Ability Questionnaire on Test Construction" (TAQTC)" contained 33 items and profoma was used to assessed previous test questions. TAQTC was validated by experts who yielded 0.78 indexes and Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability of the internal consistency which gave 0.82. Three research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while two null hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that there was a significant mean difference in ability between professional teachers and non-professional teachers of Economics in test construction and there was a significant mean difference in ability between public school teachers and private school teachers of Economics in content validity among others. The study recommended that: conference/workshops on items construction should be organised to improve teachers' ability on valid test construction and proper evaluation routine by state government evaluators to ensure the reliable and valid content for sustainable development of the subject cover in secondary schools