Browsing by Author "Ancho, M.I."

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    Analysis and Interpretation of Lineaments for Evaluation of Groundwater Potential in Shendam and Environs, North Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-07-05) Abusu, C.O.; Ma'aji, U.M.; Ancho, M.I.; Iliya, M.M.
    This study was done to evaluate the groundwater potentials of Shendamand environs using lineaments analysis. The trends of field joints weremeasured during mapping and using satellite remote sensing to generate lineament. The area is underlain by crystalline basement rocks of biotite granite, mediumgrain granite, and syenite. Assessment was carried out to depict the possibility of groundwater occurrence in the area. LANDSAT ETM+ imagery was used, together with the geological map to investigate areas favorable for groundwater development. This was achieved by plotting the lineament trends, superimposing the lineament on the geological map, superimposing the lineament on the drainage map, furthermore by plotting densitymap to know the groundwater potentials of the area. Lineament was used in drawing the respective rose diagrams for each rock type. Structurally, the area is characterized by a predominant NE to SW trend which also affects or controls drainage and groundwater occurrence with major groundwater recharge areas trending NE- SW of the study area. Analyses have shown that the study area has numerous fractures whose major trends are mainly in NE-SW directions. Lineament density maps shows the cross-cutting lineaments to be relatively high in the areas around the northeastern to southwestern parts of the study area but low in the other areas. Zones of high lineament intersection density are feasible zones for groundwater prospecting
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    ItemOpen Access
    Analysis and Interpretation of Lineaments for Evaluation of Groundwater Potential in Shendam and Environs, North Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2021-01-01) Abusu, C.O.; Ma'aji, U.M.; Ancho, M.I.; Iliya, M.M.
    This study was done to evaluate the groundwater potentials of Shendamand environs using lineaments analysis. The trends of field joints weremeasured during mapping and using satellite remote sensing to generate lineament. The area is underlain by crystalline basement rocks of biotite granite, mediumgrain granite, and syenite. Assessment was carried out to depict the possibility of groundwater occurrence in the area. LANDSAT ETM+ imagery was used, together with the geological map to investigate areas favorable for groundwater development. This was achieved by plotting the lineament trends, superimposing the lineament on the geological map, superimposing the lineament on the drainage map, furthermore by plotting densitymap to know the groundwater potentials of the area. Lineament was used in drawing the respective rose diagrams for each rock type. Structurally, the area is characterized by a predominant NE to SW trend which also affects or controls drainage and groundwater occurrence with major groundwater recharge areas trending NE- SW of the study area. Analyses have shown that the study area has numerous fractures whose major trends are mainly in NE-SW directions. Lineament density maps shows the cross-cutting lineaments to be relatively high in the areas around the northeastern to southwestern parts of the study area but low in the other areas. Zones of high lineament intersection density are feasible zones for groundwater prospecting.
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    APPLICATION OF 2D DIPOLE IMAGING IN GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION STUDIES OF SABON-LAYI AND ITS ENVIRONS, KEFFI, CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-11-14) Ancho, M.I.; Jiriko, A.K.; Mamza, C.B.; Jatau, B.S.
    The long-time practice of careless disposal of commercial, electronic and domestic wastes especially along stream channels in Sabon-Layi and its environs, in the ancient city of Keffi, Central Nigeria could lead to groundwater contamination from leachates of some dangerous heavy metals emanating from the open wastes, thereby rendering it unsafe for use since majority of the inhabitants of the area depend on groundwater from shallow hand dug wells. The area comprises of low lying schist and weathered gneissic ' ocks exposed on the surface, with presence of mainly joint, faults and exfoliations. A . oundwater contamination study was conducted with a total of nine water samples - five n hand dug wells and four from boreholes, collected within the area for chemical alysis of some harmful heavy metals. Results obtained revealed the presence of As, j, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn with range values of 0.21-0.80, 0.51-0.80, 0.05-0.33, . .70-4.90, 0.95-1.00, 0.05-1.37, 0.10-0.74 and 2.10-3.90 respectively in five hand dug wviis samples, implying that except for Cu and Zn, other metals analyzed are present in amounts above the WHO and NSDWQ quality standards making the water unsafe for consumption. However, heavy metal contents in the four borehole water samples all fall below the WHO and NSDWQ standard with range values of 0.001 - 0.008, 0.02- 0.40, 0.002-0.005, 0.008-0.017, 0.44-1.05, 0.16- 0.52, 0.001-0.014, and 0.038-0.138 for As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn respectively which means they are safe for consumption. Results of calculation of contamination status indicate slight heavy metal contamination for waters in shallow wells in the area under investigation. 2D electrical resistivity tomography using dipole configuration was conducted on two profile lines spread across the area to depict plume locations and extent. Results show the presence of plumes in Sabon-layi and Kofar Kokona indicated as areas of appreciably low resistivity values ranging from 1.0 ohm/m to 20 ohm/m at shallow depths of 3 m to 7 m. These areas should be avoided during water well constructions and groundwater should be obtained from wells with depth of 25 m and above in the area.
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    Determination of Swell Potential of Soils using Cole in Panyam, North – Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-09-09) Umbugadu, A.A.; Ancho, M.I.; Ngargadu, K'tso
    Swell potential of soils from parts of Panyam, North – Central Nigeria were investigated covering 72 square kilometres within latitudes N9021′ and N9026′ and longitudes 9011′E and 9015′30″E. With the increase of civil engineering constructions and the scramble for limited portions of competent soils for such constructions, there is an urgent need in a developing nation to study and characterize such soils based on its geotechnical properties. The geotechnical studies include twenty soil samples taken within the 1.5m depth with the aim of determining the swell potential in order to give appropriate guide to any civil engineering design and construction. The direct method of soil analysis which is the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), which ranges from 0.02–0.17 was used for the study. COLE Values greater than 0.06, were considered to be critical for most civil engineering design and constructions. Most of the samples studied were considered not safe for bungalows and some infrastructure without proper safety measures carried out to improve upon it.
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    Evaluation ol Groundwater Quality From Shallow Hand-Dug Wells for Domestic and Irrigation uses in Tudun Wada and environs, Parts of Alkaleri Sheet 150 and Yuli Sheet 171, Northeastern Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State Univerisity Keffi, 2020-06-12) Kana, M.A.; Ancho, M.I.; Usman, Halima Osu
    1 he study centres on the hydrochemislry of groundwater from shallow hand-dug wells in Tudun Wada and environs intending to evaluate its quality for domestic and irrigation uses. The area is underlain by both basement and sedimentary rocks. The basement rocks in the area include porphyritic biotile granite and granitic gneiss while sedimentary rocks include sandstone, claystone and shale. Ten (10) pairs of water samples (totalling twenty (20) samples - that is. two samples were collected from a point) were randomly collected from hand dug-wells in the study area and analysed for major cations and anions. The dominant cations and anions were in the order of Mg > Ca > Na > K and I-ICO3 > Cl > NO;, > SO-i respectively. Results of the water quality analysis were compared with the standards set by the World Health Organization and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Geochemical values of the water samples analysed showed that groundwater from hand-dug wells in the area are suitable for domestic uses. Groundwater quality from hand-dug wells in the area was also analysed for its suitability or otherwise, tor irrigation using Sodium Absorption Ratio. Residual Sodium Carbonate, Kelley Index. Magnesium Ratio. Percentage Sodium. Permeability Index, Total Hardness. Total Dissolved Solids, and Electrical Conductivity parameters respectively. The result revealed that groundwater from hand-dug wells in the area is good for irrigation according to Sodium Absorption Ratio. Residual Sodium Carbonate, Total Dissolved Solids. Percentage Sodium. Kelley Index, and Permeability Index; poor according to Maunesium Ratio, and partly good according to Electrical Conductivity. The sources of dissolved chemical constituents of groundwater in Tudun Wada and its environs are rocks (sandstone, claystone. shale, porphyritic biotile granite, and granitic gneiss). This is because all the sample points' fall within the region of rock dominance based on Gibbs' plot.
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    Geology and Hydrogeophysical Appraisal of Angwan-Doruwa, Parts of Jama’a Sheet 188 NE, Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-01-01) Ancho, M.I.; Kaineh, A.S.; Baba, Adama Oleka; Bupwatda, K.R.
    Fresh water is essential for living but not readily available for use everywhere especially in most rural communities. Inhabitants of Angwan Doruwa and its environs, within latitude N8°56ꞌ37ꞌꞌ to N8°59ꞌ45ꞌꞌ and longitude E8°10ꞌ00 ꞌꞌ to E8°13ꞌ23ꞌꞌ parts of Jama’a Sheet 188 NE, in North Central Nigeria depend largely on surface water from streams which is prone to contamination and could lead to a rise in ill health already being experienced by the people. This prompted the need to conduct geological and hydrogeophysical studies to locate suitable underground aquifers where potable groundwater can be exploited in the area. Three methods employed in this study include; geological mapping, thin section analysis and electrical resistivity geophysical survey. Schlumberger configuration was used to investigate 15 stations within the area. Geological mapping revealed that the area comprises of migmatitic gneiss, biotite gneiss and leucocratic granite with joints trending in the NNE – SSW principal direction. Result of petrographic analysis showed presence of biotite, quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, muscovites, perthite, microcline and amphibole as the common rock forming minerals in the area. Interpreted geophysical data revealed maximum of five and minimum of three geo-electrical layers: topsoils (TS), lateritic soils (LT, LS), weathered basement (WB) layer consisting of weathered rock fragments or regolith (R), fractured layer (FRB) and fresh basement layer (FB). The weathered and fractured basement layers have sufficient thicknesses (10 m to 30 m) to retain and transmit groundwater and therefore constitute the aquifers in the study area. The fractured basement layer at a depth of 40 m to 50 m constitutes the main aquifer in Angwan Doruwa with a very good groundwater potential while the weathered basement layer at a depth of 25 m to 35 m constitutes a good aquifer in adjoining villages. Drilling can best be achieved through the use of down-hole hammering method.
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    Hybrid Wenner-Schlumberger Electrical Resistivity Investigation for Groundwater at Nasarawa State University Keffi, Keffi Sheet 208 NE, North-Central Nigeria.
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-11-11) Azi, C.M.; Jatau, B.S.; Baba, Adama Oleka; Obrike, Stephen E.; Ancho, M.I.
    Geological traversing at Nasarawa State University Keffi, part of Keffi Sheet 208NE, North-central Nigeria, revealed that the area is underlain by the Basement Complex rocks consisting of biotite gneiss, granitic gneiss and schist. The structural trends are mostly in NNW-SSE and NE-SW directions and foliation in the NE-SW direction. Surface geophysical investigation was conducted using the new hybrid Wenner-Schlumberger array, where fifty (50) stations were investigated along seven established profiles to determine the groundwater potential of the area. Six curve types were observed; HA, KA, QH, HAK and KHA; QHA-types has the highest frequency of occurrence while KA and HAK-types has the least. Results revealed that the top soil being the 1st layer with resistivity (62- 5800 Ωm) and thickness (1-2 m). Laterite is the 2nd layer with resistivity (20-5550 Ωm), and thickness (2-7 m). The weathered basement is the 3rd layer with resistivity (43-2080 Ωm) and thickness (5-20 m). The fractured basement is the 4thlayer in the five (5) geoelectric layer case with resistivity (115-1700 Ωm) and thickness (25-50 m); while the partially weathered/fractured basement forms the 4thlayer in the six (6) geoelectric layer case with resistivity (66-2059 Ωm) and thickness (10-30 m). The fresh basement forms the 5thlayer in the five (5) geoelectric layer case with resistivity (312-2170 Ωm), while the fractured basement forms the 5thlayer in the six (6) geoelectric layer case with resistivity (139-2800 Ωm), and thickness (10-50 m). The fresh basement forms the 6thlayer in the six (6) geoelectric layer case with resistivity (310-3800 Ωm). The depth to fresh basement or overburden thickness range from 29-79.5 m, which implies that the area is generally good for groundwater development, especially places with distinctive weathered and/or fractured layers thicknesses. Groundwater potentials were zoned into low, medium and high potentials for groundwater development. Wenner data extracted and interpreted have a good degree of correlation with the Schlumberger results, the structural trends observed on the geological structures and with existing geology
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    Identifying Potential Aquifers Using Landsat Images, Aeromagnetic And Resistivity Responses In Panyam, Plateau State, Nigeria
    (Department of Geology & Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2021-05-01) Umbugadu, A.A.; Ancho, M.I.
    The study involves delineation of aquifers in Panyam and its environs, North Central Nigeria. This study can serve as a useful guide for groundwater development projects which may be put in place to cater for water needs of dwellers. Methods employed include; geological mapping of the area, field acquisition of electrical resistivity data using 1D vertical electrical sounding of nine (9) stations, acquisition of aeromagnetic data and interpretations of total magnetic intensity (TMI) maps, as well as analysis of lineaments generated from remotely sensed aerial photographs of the area. Exposed in the study area are basement rocks comprising of granitic gneisses, basalts and granites with evidence of deformation shown as joints, fractures and veins in places. Interpreted resistivity data shows a three layer case for VES 1 to 5, comprising of topsoils, weathered regoliths and fresh basement with resistivity ranges of 321 Ωm to 1572 Ωm, 126 Ωm to 365.1 Ωm and over 290000 Ωm respectively. VES 6 to 9 comprise of five layers, with the presence of a fractured zone, with resistivity range of 59.4 Ωm to 676 Ωm. The weathered and fractured layers constitute the aquiferous units in the area with the fractured zone being the main aquifer, owing mainly to its appreciable thickness of up to 30 to 50 m. TMI maps classify the study area as a magnetic high area, showing evidence of uplift in surrounding basement rocks which could have lead to the development of structures as depicted by abundance of NE-SW trending lineaments derived from aerial photographs. The occurrence of lineaments correlates with electrical resistivity data, which points to deep sited fractures as main aquifers in the area. Based on the study, the area has moderate to high groundwater potential. Groundwater exploitation in economic quantity will be more feasible for fractured aquifers at depths of up to 30 to 50 m.
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    Stream Sediments Investigation of Heavy Metals at Nasarawa State University Keffi, Part of Keffi Sheet 208 NE, Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-06-05) Mamza, C.B.; Jatau, B.S.; Ancho, M.I.; Aleku, L.D.
    Stream sediments investigation was carried out at Nasarawa State University Keffi and its environs, part of Keffi Sheet 208 NE, Central Nigeria. The Basement Complex rocks of the area consist of biotite gneiss, granitic gneiss and schist. Structures such as joints, veins and foliations were observed, trending mostly in NE-SW and NNW-SSE directions. Fifteen (15) stream sediments were sampled systematically (500 m interval) at a depth of 15cm along three (3) stream channels and analysed for heavy metals. Results obtained revealed the following trend of ranges: Fe 20.44-318.17 mg/l, Cu 0.02-0.24 mg/l, Zn 0.06-1.13 mg/l, As 0.00-1.81 mg/l and Pb 0.00-0.58 mg/l; with mean values of 156.58 mg/l, 0.10 mg/l, 0.30 mg/l, 0.37 mg/l and 0.19 mg/l respectively. The high relative abundance of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and As in the soil could be due to weathering of the host or underlying rocks. Also, these metals could be leached from the soil and other anthropogenic sources which could include; indiscriminate disposal of chemicals/waste water around the Entrepreneurship Development Centre (EDC), sewage sludge emanating from the old cotton company located in Angwan Lambu, chemicals from the fertilizer warehouse in Angwan Lambu and farms located uphill. The dominance of heavy metals in the sediments samples is in an order of Fe>Zn>As>Cu>Pb, Fe>As>Zn>Cu>Pb and Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu along the channels of stream 1, 2 and 3 respectively