Evaluation ol Groundwater Quality From Shallow Hand-Dug Wells for Domestic and Irrigation uses in Tudun Wada and environs, Parts of Alkaleri Sheet 150 and Yuli Sheet 171, Northeastern Nigeria

1 he study centres on the hydrochemislry of groundwater from shallow hand-dug wells in Tudun Wada and environs intending to evaluate its quality for domestic and irrigation uses. The area is underlain by both basement and sedimentary rocks. The basement rocks in the area include porphyritic biotile granite and granitic gneiss while sedimentary rocks include sandstone, claystone and shale. Ten (10) pairs of water samples (totalling twenty (20) samples - that is. two samples were collected from a point) were randomly collected from hand dug-wells in the study area and analysed for major cations and anions. The dominant cations and anions were in the order of Mg > Ca > Na > K and I-ICO3 > Cl > NO;, > SO-i respectively. Results of the water quality analysis were compared with the standards set by the World Health Organization and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Geochemical values of the water samples analysed showed that groundwater from hand-dug wells in the area are suitable for domestic uses. Groundwater quality from hand-dug wells in the area was also analysed for its suitability or otherwise, tor irrigation using Sodium Absorption Ratio. Residual Sodium Carbonate, Kelley Index. Magnesium Ratio. Percentage Sodium. Permeability Index, Total Hardness. Total Dissolved Solids, and Electrical Conductivity parameters respectively. The result revealed that groundwater from hand-dug wells in the area is good for irrigation according to Sodium Absorption Ratio. Residual Sodium Carbonate, Total Dissolved Solids. Percentage Sodium. Kelley Index, and Permeability Index; poor according to Maunesium Ratio, and partly good according to Electrical Conductivity. The sources of dissolved chemical constituents of groundwater in Tudun Wada and its environs are rocks (sandstone, claystone. shale, porphyritic biotile granite, and granitic gneiss). This is because all the sample points' fall within the region of rock dominance based on Gibbs' plot.