Evaluation of the Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Fresh, Sprouted and Toasted Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Seed Extracts

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2021-03-27

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Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi

Abstract

The current study evaluated the Phytochemicals Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Fresh, Sprouted and Toasted Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Seed extracts. The phytochemicals, proximate, amino acids, microminerals and antinutrients compositions were determined following standard laboratory procedures in autoanalizer machines. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD and Duncan test for levels of significance. Results revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Terpenoids in the three samples but anthroquinones was absent in sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds. Saponins (2.15 ± 0.07 mg/100 g), Tannins (40.63 ± 0.13 mg/100 g) Cyanogenic glycosides (3.55 ± 0.35 mg/100 g). There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the concentrations of the phytochemicals in all the samples except for cyanogenic glycosides which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh sample. Percentage protein (24.87 ± 0.48) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample, ash (%) (2.63 ± 0.11) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the sprouted, fibre (20.64 ± 0.23) and moisture (%) (2.88 ± 0.19) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the toasted and carbohydrates (%) (9.81 ± 1.27) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted. Results obtained for Amino acids and mineral analyses showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the three samples and Phytates (0.31 ± 0.01%) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh sample while oxalates (0.85 ± 0.01%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample. The fresh, sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds may possess nutritional and health benefit by the virtue of their richness in phytochmicals, microminerals and amino acids, however the safety of the fresh sample is not guaranteed due to its high concentration of anti-nutrients.

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Keywords

Amino acids; bioactive compounds; proximate analysis; microminerals; antinutrients.

Citation

1. Mathew TJ, Ndamitso MM, Ofori AA, Shaba, EY, Innobeme A, Adamu A. Proximate and mineral compositions of seeds of some conventional and nonconventional fruits in Niger State, Nigeria, Academic Research International Journal. 2014;5:2223-9944. 2. AL-Khalifa AS. Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, and lipoxygenase activity of crude pumpkin and melon seed oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1996;44:946-966. 3. De Conto LC, Gragnani MA, Maus D, Ambiel HCI, Chiu MC, Grimaldi R, Goncalves LAG. Characterization of crude watermelon seed oil by two different extraction methods. Journal of American Oil Chemists’ Society. 2011;88:1709-1714. 4. Jarret RL, Levy IJ. Oil and fatty acid content in seed of Citrullus lanatus Schard. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012;60:5199-5204. 5. Baboli ZM, Kordi AAS. Characterization and consumption of watermelon seed oil and solvent extraction parameters effects. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. 2010;87:667-671. 6. Wickens GE, Gooding JR, Field DV. Plants for Arid Lands. George Allen and Unwin, London.1984;223-321

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https://keffi.nsuk.edu.ng/handle/20.500.14448/5392

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