Health Risk Assessment of some Cosmetic Products sold in Keffi Markets, Nasarawa State Nigeria

This study assesses the health risk associated with exposure to heavy metals in various brands of cosmetics sold in Nigeria market using the x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy Analyzer. Eight heavy metals were measured in thirty two cosmetics samples (ten talcum powder, ten pressed powder, six dental powder, four eye shadow, four eye liner, and two hair dye) commonly used in local market and super markets in keffi, Nasarawa state. The concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Pd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni was determined. The Systemic exposure dose, Margin of safety, Hazard quotients and Hazardous indices were determined. Results shows that, the range of mean concentrations of metals in the cosmetics sample are Cd (0.216 -1.46 µg/g), Pd (53.628- 267.962 µg/g), Cr (18.571- 30.631 µg/g), Zn (10.443 -315.746 µg/g), Mn (77.693 - 256.319 µg/g), Fe (123.081 - 632.828 µg/g), Cu (9.285 - 36.126 µg/g), and Ni (8.603 – 48.887 µg/g). The hazard quotients were found to be greater than 1,which indicates the risk of carcinogenesis. The systemic exposure dosage (SED) values for these metals acquired from the personal care products were below the WHO limit of 100. The margin of safety values obtained were greater than 100, indicating that the concentrations of metals investigated in these facial cosmetics exert no risk associated with their occurrence in these products. The maximum value of oral cancer risk was detected in Hair dye and the minimum value in eye Liner. Conclusively heavy metal content within the studied cosmetic were ordered as Fe>Pb>Mn> Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu> Cd at all cosmetics. Eye linerhas the highest MOS values which indicate that there is little risk associated with the concentration of metals in eyeliner. HQ value was higher than 1 indicated that the overall risks in both exposure pathways are not within safe level. HI value washigher than 1.