ECOWAS PROTOCOL ON THE FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND TRANS-BORDER SECURITY CHALLENGES IN WEST AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

The study evaluates the nexus between ECOWAS protocol on the free movement of goods and persons and trans-border security challenges in West Africa with a focus on Nigeria. The inter-governmental theory was utilized as a framework for analysis. Documentary method was used to generate necessary information from secondary sources, including textbooks, newspapers, and online journal publications. With the use of descriptive research design, the study observed that even though the protocol may have been intended to generate and increase economic activities among member citizens, criminal elements and some residents of border communities have exploited the plethora of loopholes in the treaty to commit crimes that threaten Nigeria's national security. The study also noted that national interest is the pull for action rather than the collective interest objective the Protocol seeks to achieve. Based on findings, the study makes a case for a review of the ECOWAs treaty on free movement of goods and capital in view of the evolving issues and pertinent changes in the international system.