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Item Open Access EVALUATION OF YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSTION OF FOUR WATERMELON FRUIT (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) VARIETIES IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE(DERPATMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY KEFFI, 2016-09-16) Ikenna, Oscar, Morganxiii ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the yield and nutritional composition of four watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) varieties in Keffi, Nasarawa State. The varieties studied were Kaolack, Crimson sweet, Super tresor and Sugar baby. The yield evaluation was carried out in the Biotechnology garden of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The evaluation for nutritional composition (proximate analysis, vitamin assay and mineral assay) was carried out in the Chemistry Advanced Laboratory in Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) Abuja, Nigeria using standard procedures. The results observed from the yield evaluation of the four watermelon fruit varieties with respect to their total fruit yield, showed that Super tresor had the highest yield of (39 fruits) and Kaolack had the lowest yield of (31 fruits); these results when analysed at (P<0.05) showed no significant difference in most of the parameters evaluated for yield. The results from the proximate analysis showed a good % content of moisture (Sugar baby 95.40, Kaolack 92.42), carbohydrates (Super tresor 12.1, Kaolack 4.7), ash (Sugar baby 5.546, Crimson sweet 2.774), crude protein (Kaolack 1.2426, Super tresor 0.414), crude fibre (Sugar baby 0.03, Kaolack 0.01) and crude lipid content (Sugar baby 0.3903, Crimson sweet 0.0124) when compared to other previous works. Super tresor had the highest Vitamin A content in (mg/100g) (1549.64) and kaolack had the lowest (1107.88). Sugar baby had the highest Vitamin C content in (mg/100g) (201.48) while Super tresor had the lowest (176.09). The minerals present in these watermelon varieties were Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and Magnesium (Mg). This study has shown that watermelon will grow well in Keffi, Nasarawa State Nigeria.Item Open Access CORRELATION BETWEEN OIL CONTENT AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF SOME SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merill) GENOTYPES IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE(Department of biological science, nasarawa state university keffi, 2016-12-22) Adetokunbo, Dolapo, Adeshinaxvii ABSTRACT Soybean meals and oils are very essential for human and animal health. Twelve varieties of Soybeans were evaluated to determine their variability in oil content as well as the correlation between oil content and yield parameters. The study was carried out during the rainy season of 2015 at the Botanical garden of the Department of Biological Sciences, Plant science and Biotechnology unit farm of Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used and replicated three times. Data was collected on agronomic characters such as days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, grain yield, seed weight , number of flowers, leaf area and oil content per a hundred grams of seeds. The results from these data were analyzed using ANOVA and correlation analysis. All of the analyzed traits varied significantly (P<0.05) between varieties. The variety TG × 1989 – 45F had the highest weight per plot with a mean of 3733 while TG ×1990 – 21F had the lowest mean as 1000g. It was observed that Variety TG×1989 – 42F had the highest mean for oil content (17.0ml). Oil content showed a positive correlation with number of pods r = 0.410, weight with pods r = 0.3406, weight without pods r = 1, number of seeds per pod r =0.9162* and Grain yield r = 0.215*. Based on this study soybean varieties TG ×1989 – 45F and TG × 1989 – 42F are recommended for farmers in Keffi area interested in grain and oil content, respectively.Item Open Access IMPACT OF OIL SPILLAGE ON FLORA AND FAUNA: A CASE STUDY OF SARKIN PAWA AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND BIOTECNOLOGY, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2016-10-05)This project reviewed the environmental impact study of oil spillage, using the case study of Sarkin Pawa in Niger state north central of Nigeria. It critically analyzed the effect of oil spillage on marine life, environment, flora and fauna; also the effect on human health. The research also involved the use of primary and secondary sources of data collection for methodology. Questionnaires were developed, administered and observations recorded. The research shows that oil spillage in Sarkin Pawa affected 85% of the environment endangering flora, fauna and the health of the community. It was traced mainly due to negligence of duty by the oil company operators in which the oil sprayed within the environment and was ignited by a moving vehicle. The fire it caused affect animals mainly through effects on their habitant, which cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to the increase in population of some animals. The research shows that 80% of oil spillage was due to negligence. I recommend increased efforts by the oil company in the management of oil installations.Item Open Access STUDIES ON METHODS OF CONSERVATION OF YAM; Discorea spp. IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECNOLOGY, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2015-11-05) Salamatu, Garba.This study was conducted to examine methods of yam conservation in Benue State, Nigeria using data analysis. The results of the study show that 85% farmers in Benue state conserve yam. The specie of yam that is more conserved is D. cayenensis-rotundata while 86.25% farmers conserve their yams in barns and 13.75% conserve their yams in heaps. The best conservation treatment is by removing disease seed and 42.5% showed that the purpose was for preservation while 30% and 27.5% were to reduce waste and control diseases respectively. The problems encountered during storage are pest and decay which represent 52% and 25% respectively. Over 90% farmers test the yam seed quality and viability before storage. This project has harnessed different methods of yam conservation and barn remains the best method used by Benue state farmers to minimize postharvest lost.Item Open Access IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE.(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND BIOLOGICAL TECNOLOGY, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2016-07-05) Uzziah Akpavan, Ebolo.Deforestation is a major ecological problem in Nigeria. The present study was conducted to measure the causes and effects of deforestation in Keffi Local Government Area. A survey was conducted for this purpose. Three villages of Keffi Local Government Council (Yerkedeh, Angwan Ninzon and Angwan-Jaba) were selected using purposively sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from 120 respondent. Findings of the study highlighted commercial logging with 44% as the main cause of deforestation. Deforestation has also affected agricultural productivity of the area and decreased the availability of fuel wood, fodder for the local communities. Deforestation has also caused soil erosion in the study area. The Government should give the communities regular orientation on the importance of afforestation and the effect of deforestation, hence at the local level, efforts should be made to ensure broad public participation of all stakeholders in decision making and policy-design and implementation.Item Open Access INHERITANCE OF GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING PARTIAL DIALLEL MATING ANALYSIS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING FACULTY OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE ,NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY KEFFI., 2019-11-21) Mohammed, IyokpaA study on the Inheritance of grain yield and yield parameters in rice using partial diallel mating analysis was carried out at the National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI),Badeggi,Bida, Niger State. The planting materials used in this experiment include a variety of new Africa Rice (NERICA 1 also known as FARO 55) and four varieties of other FARO rice (FARO 41, 47, 63 and 64). Planting materials were crossed according to a partial diallel mating analysis. Parent lines and F1 hybrids were evaluated, individual and joint analyses of variance were performed,the result obtained from the analysis of variance for the parameters analyzed showed that there was a high significant difference at the parent line and the Specific Combining Ability (SCA) for the parameters observed at (P<0.05) and least significance at the General Combining Ability (GCA) and replication on the side of plant height at harvest and panicle count at replication at (P<0.05). However,Heritability in narrow sense was observed to be high in all studied trait from 0.82% to 0.98%. The crosses between FARO 41 x FARO 47 and FARO 47 x FARO 63 were identified as the most promising F1 for breeding programmes for higher grain yield. Thus, can therefore be recommended to farmers for high grain yieldItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF PEPPER (Capsicum species) GERMPLASM IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND BIOLOGICAL TECNOLOGY, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2016-12-05) Jatau, Bulus Ishaku Kube.This research was carried out to evaluate the Morphological and Yield Parameters of Pepper (Capsicum species) Germplasm in Keffi, Nasarawa State. The experiments were conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Four varieties of pepper (Capsicum species) Germplasm were studied; The varieties are; Shombo, Atarugu, Tatase and Chili. The parameters measured include physical and chemical properties of the experimental site, Morphological parameters, Yield parameters and proximate analysis of the pepper fruits. The result obtained from the study showed that even without external or government support, the pepper growers in Keffi were able to produce the species above subsistence level. It goes show that even little support, they could do more. Also it was discovered that the percentage of macro nutrients found in the soil pH is good for pepper production. Each specie manifested a particular trait compared to the other(s). Tatase and Shombo performed significantly (p<0.05) better than Atarugu and Chili with respect to morphological parameters such as plant height at four weeks (20.4cm) and at maturity (67.7cm) respectively. Chili had the highest number of branches (40.4) whereas Shombo had the highest number of leaves (147.2). Tatase performed best in terms of yield parameters such as fruit weight (26.6g), number of flowers (93.3). Atarugu performed best with respect to number of fruits per plant (47.6). Shombo on the other hand had the highest number of seeds per fruit (112.7) and fruit length (9.7cm), (p<0.05). From the proximate analysis, the study revealed that Tatase has the highest moisture content (12.5%) and nitrogen free extract content (40.3%), while Shombo has the highest ash content (20.0%). Atarugu differ significantly from other varieties in crude protein (1.31%) and ether extraction (26.6%) while Chili had the highest crude fibre (9.0). The result of the physical and chemical properties of the experimental site shows fluctuation in their distribution percentage, the sand percentage is higher compared to silt and clay; therefore it is described as sandy-clay. The four varieties of pepper studied showed good yield and are recommended to pepper growers for commercial production in Keffi, Nasarawa State.Item Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION STUDIES OF SOME MINERAL COMPOSITION AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2019-11-02) Idris, AbdullahiGenetic variability and correlation study of some mineral composition and other agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L.) in Keffi, Nasarawa State. Fourteen (14) genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The twelve (12) agronomic characters were plant height, ear per plant, anthesis-silking interval, leaf length, leaf width, days to maturity, leaf area, No. of leaves per plant, molybdenum, boron, zinc, and grain yield. The results obtained from the analysis of variance for the agronomic traits studied showed significance difference (p < 0.05) among all the genotypes. The plant height had the mean of 111.20 cm and ranges from 89.00 cm (Y4) to 138.33cm (Y3). Number of leaves had a mean of 11.90 and ranges from 10.67 (Y5) to 12.67 (L2, W4, and Y3) respectively. Leaf length had a mean of 82.12cm and ranges from 67.00cm (Y5) to 109.33cm (L2). Leaf width had a mean of 8.60cm and ranges from 7.33cm (Y5) to 10.00cm (L2, and L3) respectively. Leaf area had a mean of 2.34 cm3 and ranges from 2.39cm3 (Y5) to 2.74cm3 (L2). Ears per pant had a mean of 1.62 and ranges from 1.00 (Y3) to 2.00 (L2 and W2) respectively. Anthesis Silking Interval had a mean of 2.50 and ranges from 2.00 (H2) to 3.00 (W2, and Y3) respectively. Days to maturity had a mean of 85.81 and ranges from 83.67 (Y2) to 88.67 (L3 and W2) respectively. Grain Yield had a mean of 125.20kg/ha which ranges from 82.05kg/ha (Y5) to 207.86K\kg/ha (L1). Molybdenum had a mean of 0.07 and ranges from 0.01 (H2, H1, L3 and Y1) respectively to 0.25 (W5). Boron had a mean of 0.45 and range from 0.34(W5) to 0.55 (L2). Zinc had a mean of 1.35 and range from 0.25 (Y2) to 3.84 (Y1). Correlation study showed that plant height exhibited significant positively correlation with leaf length (r = 0.53), leaf width (r = 0.42) and leaf area (r = 0.56). Number of leaves showed significant positively correlation with leaf length (r = 0.64), leaf width (r = 0.72) and leaf area (r = 0.78). Leaf length exhibited a significant positive correlation on leaf width (r = 0.58), leaf area (r = 0.82) and boron (r = 0.34). Leaf width showed a significant positively correlation on days to maturity (r = 0.36) and ear per plant exhibited a significantly positive correlation on grain yield (r = 0.50). Molybdenum exhibited a significantly positive correlation with boron (r = 0.34). The results in this study revealed an easily measured increase in the anthesis-silking interval as the silk emergence is delayed. Similarly, the results also showed a positive correlation between micronutrients concentration in maize suggested that it is possible to improve various micronutrients in maize grain simultaneously. Further work should be done to elucidate underlying physiological mechanisms of the relation among micronutrients, particularly in cases when the relations are not obscured by deficiency of any element as an additional complicating factor.Item Open Access FAKE NEWS DETECTION BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE(Department of Computer Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-12-12) Useni, A.A.; Aimufua, Gilbert Imuetinyan OsazeFake news or rumour can be a made up story or fabricated information created for the purpose of propaganda, political advantage or competitive edge. Content of fake news is created by individuals or organization and propagated via the social media networks which are largely underpinned by the cyberspace or internet. The cyberspace is an unregulated medium thereby, giving fake news propagation tremendous speed, an excessive large audience and convenience in tenns of cost and accessibility. The intention of the perpetrators may be to gain political advantage, commercial or economic edge or for other reasons. Although, a lot of extant fake news detection model have tried to combat this challenges but time complexity have been a limiting factor. To address this gap, this work proposes to explore the application of natural language processing and Machine learning technique to accurately detect fake news within the shortest possible time. The dataset will be cleaned using preprocessing tools then fed into the Support Vector Machine Classifier, which is intended to accurately state the label in a giving news article.Item Open Access EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION: A CASE STUDY OF OGONI LAND, RIVERS STATE NIGERIA(Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology,Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2015-03-11) Ali-Izedome, Fatima Anita Aiteseme.A study was carried out on the evaluation of the effects of Petroleum exploration and production on the environment in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The target population comprised 400 household across 4 major Oil fields of Ogoni land which is a 5% probability sample. This study examines the impact of interventions of government and Oil companies on the social wellbeing (education, health and housing) of Ogoni community in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Measurement of such impacts is an essential requirement for policy formulation and strategic planning. Primary data used in this study were collected through a survey of 400 households using a multistage sampling technique. The results reveal that government interventions in provision/renovation of school building and provision of scholarship have positive effect on school completion in the community. Making basic education free is a good policy; but if the households would need their children to be involved in income generation, such policy may fail. Thus, empowering the household heads and other working-class adult members of the household to raise enough income for the household would help the children become available to benefit from free education policy or even household-funded education.Item Open Access CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM MATURE EMBRYOS OF FOUR LOCAL WHEAT (.Triticum spp) VARIETIES(Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-09-19) Etokwudo, Chinyere C,Twenty different local wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties were screened for viability and tissue culture response, out of which four were selected. The effects of four different concentrations of 2, 4-D (lmg/ml, 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 4mg/ml) supplemented with MS to induce callus from mature embryos were evaluated. Medium supplemented with 3mg/ml produced maximum calli in all the varieties, while medium supplemented with lower concentrations of 2, 4-D produced small size and some no germination takes place. At higher concentrations of 2, 4-D (4.0mg/ml and above) the callus produced were loose, watery in texture, brownish or dirty white and were not able to regenerate. In regeneration, various concentrations of BAP and NAA were also studied (lmg/ml and 0. lmg/ml; 2mg/ml and 0.2mg/ml; 3mg/ml and 0.3mg/ml; 4mg/ml and 0.4mg/ml). It was observed that concentration at 4mg/ml of BAP and 0.4mg/ml of NAA resulted in maximum root and shoots formation. tyI82 and Cett were more responsive to regeneration than AGA and Linfen. This shows that there exists variation among different varieties in their tissue culture response also the variation in results may be due to difference in explants.Item Open Access ASSESSMENT (RAPD) OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY (Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss) AND NEEM (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) AND THEIR HERBAL PRODUCTS MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES IN NASARAWA STATE AND THE F.C.T., ABUJA(Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology,Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2016-10-10) Mowobi, Gbolahan Gabriel.Khaya senegalensis and Azadirachta indica are common plants that have been used in the management of diabetes. In the present investigation, RAPD Marker Assessment was carried out on Herbal Products from Khaya senegalensis and Azadirachta indica being used in the Management of Diabetes in Nasarawa State and Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Eleven decamer oligonucleotide primers were screened in the RAPD analysis for authentication of claim for genuine and adulterant samples. The Deoxyribonuclic Acid (DNA) isolated from the dried herbal samples was used as templates in polymerase chain reactions with the eleven primers. Five of the eleven primers gave species specific reproducible unique amplicons. The unique amplicons obtained in PCR amplification and the data generated from the amplification of the DNA were subjected to Numerical Taxonomy System of Statistic (NTSYS). From the phylogenetic tree generated among the 24 samples based on PCR product, it was observed that the relatedness was 37.5%. The analysis also showed that there was no strong interrelationship between herbal samples and plant sample at that index. At the end of the investigation, the result showed that the herbs contained both Khaya senegalensis and Azardirachta indica as they claim though; the quantity is low (37.5%).Item Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF DUAL PURPOSE TRAITS IN SOYBEAN(Department of plant genetics and breding, faculty of natural and aplied science, nasarawa state university keffi., 2019-11-12) Muhammad, Attahiru TanimuSoybean genotypes TGX1448-2E and TGX1987-62F were evaluated in complete randomised block design with three replications Data were collected on plant height, days to first flower, number of primary branches, pod weight, leaf weight, stem weight, seed weight, fodder yield, total biomass, days to 50% flower and 50% maturity. The dual purpose variety TGX1448-2E had comparatively significant performance than TGX1987-62F in terms of number of primary branches, pod weight, leaf weight, stem weight, seed weight, fodder yield and total biomass. Result of ABCD scaling test revealed the inadequacy of the additive –dominance model in elucidating the mode of gene action for some of the traits being studied. Epistatic effects were found significant for plant height, days to first flower, number of primary branches, seed weight, fodder yield, total biomass, days to 50% flower, and days to 50% maturity. Cross TGX1448-2E x TGX1987-62F indicated duplicate gene action for number of primary branches, pod weight, stem weight and days to first flower. Cross TGX1987-62F x TGX1448-2E also showed duplicate gene action for plant height, number of primary branches, pod weight, days to 50% maturity, fodder yield and seed yield. Heritability in broad sense was found to be high for plant height, days to first flower, number of primary branches, pod weight, leaf weight, total biomass, days to 50% flower and 50% maturity. The results of genetic analysis of dual purpose trait for soybean has revealed complex genetic behaviour particularly additive and dominance components. This complex behaviour could be exploited for the improvement of any desirable traits in soybean through delaying selection until attainment of homozygosity