Browsing by Author "Obiekezie, S.O."

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    Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Tympanotonus fuscatus Var. Radula (Prosobranchia:Potamididae) Sold in Markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2020-03-05) Asemota, U.K.; Makut, M.D.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Owuna, J.E.; Adamu, M.O.
    The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of bacterial isolates from Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula sold in markets in Nasarawa State. Nigeria. Samples of Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula (periwinkles) were bought from soup ingredient sellers at different sale locations in Keffi, Masaka and Orange markets and were analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. The total bacteria count varied from 1.18–3.20 x 108 CFU/g for the raw samples while the total bacterial count for the boiled samples varied from 0–1.57 x 108 CFU/g. Periwinkle samples with shells from Masaka market had the highest bacterial load with a mean total bacterial count of 2.94 x 10⁸ CFU/g and mean total coliform count of 2.80 x 10⁶ CFU/g. Raw periwinkle samples with shells had a higher bacterial load than samples without shells. There was also a drastic reduction in the bacterial load in the periwinkle samples after boiling under laboratory conditions. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were the Gram-positive bacteria isolated. Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp and Proteus spp. The most frequently occurring gram positive bacteria was Escherichia coli with an isolation frequency of 6(24%), the least frequently occurring was Bacillus spp., 8(32)%. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all the gram negative organisms exhibited sensitivity to ciprofloxacin: Escherichia coli (32 mm), Enterobacter spp. (41.5 mm), Proteus spp. (40.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (37.0 mm), Serratia spp. (26.0 mm), Pseudomonas spp. (23.0 mm). All the gram negative organisms showed marked resistance to vancomycin: Escherichia coli (12.0 mm), Enterobacter spp. (10.0 mm), Proteus spp. (11.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (5.0 mm), Serratia spp. (10.0 mm) and Pseudomonas spp. (4.5 mm).
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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Molecular Detection of tetA Genes in Tetracycline Resistant Salmonella Species Isolated from Different Water Sources in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-05-22) Adamu, M.O.; Ishaleku, D.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Owuna, J.E.
    This study was carried out to determine the antibiotics susceptibility profile and molecular detection of tetA genes in tetracycline resistant Salmonella species isolated from different water sources in Keffi, Central Nigeria. A total of 100 water samples, 25 each of well, public borehole, tap and sachet water were collected from different locations within the Metropolis and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Of which 38(38.0%) of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella species with well water having the highest contamination rate, 18(72.0%) and sachet water having the least, 3(12.0%). The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates revealed varying degree of susceptibility in which isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100.0%), Gentamicin (84.2%) and Chloramphenicol (76.3%). Susceptibility of the isolates to the other antibiotics tested is as follows; Vancomycin (47.4%), Ceftriaxone (44.7%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (39.5%), Tetracycline (36.8%), Sulfamethoxazole /Trimethoprim (31.6%) and Erythromycin (15.9%). They also exhibited different antibiotic resistance phenotypes: E, TE, SXT; AMC, E, SXT, TE, CRO, VA; TE, AMC, SXT, E; CRO, E, SXT, TE, AMC and E, AMC, SXT, TE, CRO which expresses a resistance frequency of 2(5.3%) respectively. The isolates were multiple antibiotics resistant with MAR index of 0.6 as the peak and 0.2 as the least. MAR index of 0.3 was the most encountered indices with an occurrence of 8(21.1%). Similarly, of the 38 total isolates, only 21(55.3%) were cured indicating that resistance were plasmid-mediated. Molecular detection of Tetracycline resistant plasmid gene (tetA) was conducted by Polymerase Chain Reaction method while agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the tetA genes were on the 282bp band. Therefore, water in Keffi should be properly treated before consumption while boreholes and wells should be dug far away from latrines and septic tanks so as to avoid cross-contamination by faecal materials and indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be discouraged.
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    Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori Isolated from Soil in keffi, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2021-03-01) Ekeleme, I.K.; Makut, M.D.; Owuna, J.E.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Muhammed, F. H
    Citric acid is an Organic acids, commercially valuable product extensively used in different industries for various purposes. This study aimed at citric acid production by A.niger and A. awamori isolated from soil in Keffi using waste starch from corn milling factory. A.niger and A. awamori was isolated from soil in Keffi and identified using standard microbiology methods. Starch production media was prepared by following standard fermentation conditions. The citric acid produced was estimated using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The occurrence of Aspergillus species showed that Pyanku had the highest percentage occurrence with 100%. The screening for citric acid producing A.nigerand A. awamori showed that isolates from location A, C and D showed ability to produce citric acid. Effect of different temperature on citric acid production showed that A.awamoriA1produced highest at 28oC with 3.10 mg/ml and A.awamoriA2 produced lowest at 26OC (2.08mg/ml). A. niger F4 produced the highest at32OC with 5.03mg/ml and A.niger F5 lowest at 26OC with 3.10mg/ml. Fermentation duration showed duration by A. awamori A2 after 144hours with 5.00mg/ml and A. awamori A1 showed lowest yield after 24hours with 0.71mg/ml while A. niger F5 yield highest after 168 hours with 5.02mg/ml and A. niger F4 yield lowest after 24hours with 0.91mg/ml. Effect of pH on citric acid production showed that A. awamoriA1 yield highest at pH 4.5 with 5.19mg/ml while A. nigerF5 produced highest at pH 5.0 with citric acid yield of 5.69mg/l.
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    Determination Of Portability Potential Of Some Borehole And Wells Water Withing Industrial And Sewage Disposal Sites Using Physicochemical Parameters In Kano Metropolis, Kano State Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2020-02-05) Sabo, A.A.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Makut, M.D.; Mudasir, N.
    This research work investigated borehole and Well waters located within the industrial areas of Bompai, Sharada (Sabuwar gandu), Chalawa (Tsamawa) and Gyadigyadi, Wailari sewage disposal areas with a view to determine their physicochemical qualities. A total of fifty (50) samples from boreholes and wells (two from each location) were sampled and analyzed, the physicochemical parameters monitored included pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, DO, BOD, Turbidity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, Zinc, iron, lead, manganese and chromium. The wells water samples showed elevated mean value of lead (0.14mg/I), EC (590.9 us/cm), TDS (l l9.l3mg/l), DO (4.67mg/I), BOD (1.25mg/1), Zinc (l.76mg/I), iron (0.6mg/l), Manganese (0.44mg/I) and Chromium (0.57mg/1) when compared to the borehole samples with mean average value of lead(0.01mg/I), EC (483.75), TDS (54.0lmg/I), DO (4.l2mg/l), BOD(l .2mg/I), Zinc (0.91mg/l), Iron (0.l6mg/I), Manganese (0.29mg/l) and Chromium (0.05mg/l). The result shows that some of the borehole and well samples are not within the recommended limit of WHO (2006) and NSDWQ (2007) standard for drinking water. The borehole and well water should therefore be protected and treated before consumption
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    Prevalence of Schistosomiasis among Primary School Children in Gadabuke District, Toto LGA, North Central Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, 2013-11-23) Okwori, A.E.J.; Sidi, M.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Makut, M.D.; Chollom, S.C.; Okeke, I.O; Adikwu, T.I.
    Commercial crop production and many other agro-industrial activities generate large amount of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. This research is aimed at the utilization of some of these agro-wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) in Keffi area. The agro-wastes (cassava peels (CP), banana leaves (BL), saw dust (SD), yam peels (YP) and groundnut shells (GS) were collected, sorted, shredded, sterilized and inoculated with equal proportions of Pleurotus ostreatus (P. osreatus) for a period of four weeks. Rate of mycelia growth, temperature, mycological identification, nutritional contents of P. osreatus harvested and microbial isolation from the spent mushroom substrates were analyzed. The numbers of days for complete ramification of the substrates by mycelia of P. osreatus were; 18 days for BL and GS, 24 days for CP and YP while 30 days for SD. The room temperature within the period of exposure for fruiting of the ramified substrates ranges between 22°C to 28°C in the morning, 23°C to 30°C in the afternoon and 25°C to 31°C in the evening throughout the period of exposure. The nutritional contents of the Pleurotus ostreatus from the different substrates analysed were, Moisture content was highest in SD (87.05%) and lest in GS (80.71%), Protein content was highest in GS (38.13%) and lowest in BL (16.43%), Lipid content was highest in GS (4.62%) and lest in CP (1.83%), Carbohydrate content was highest in CP (78.40%) and lest in GS (71.66%), Fibre content was highest in BL (9.10%) and lest in YP (8.20%) while Ash content was highest in GS (7.37%) and lest in YP (6.42%). Five bacteria species (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus roseus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and two yeast species (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) were isolated from the spent mushroom substrates.
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    The Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B And C Virus Co-Infection Among HIV-1-infected Patients In Keffi, North Central Nigeria.
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-05-13) Okwori, A.E.J.; Alabi, S.S.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Makut, M.D.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Ishaleku, D.; Gabo, S.; Akogwu, N.G.; Anejo, Okopi; Ameh, J.; Adikwu, T.I.
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are devastating disease agents that share common modes of transmission. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection rates among HIV patients accessing healthcare at Federal Medical Center Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This study lasted between June - December, 2012. A total of 200 seropositive HIV patients participated in the study at the ART clinic. Blood samples collected routinely were screened for the presence of HBV and HCV. Socio-demographic information was collected by the use of a questionnaire. The study population comprised of 54(27%) males and 146 (73%) females. 11% (22/200) were positive for HBV, 13.5% (27/200) were positive for HCV and 5% (10/200) were positive for both HBV and HCV. The prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C co-infection among the HIV patients was insignificantly different (P>0.05) statistically for sex (P=0.37) and ART status (P=0.57) different for Educational status (P=0.57), Marital status (P=0.09), Age (P=0.99), Occupation (P=0.79), CD4 Count (P=0.96) and sociodemographic factors (P=0.88). The prevalence rates of HBV and HCV co-infection are increasing in patients with HI. Having acquired the knowledge about the importance of such a co-infection, it is essential that all the patients with HIV be screened for HBV and HCV co-infection.