Browsing by Author "Haruna, I.M."

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    Efficacy of Some Selected Edible Essential Plant Oils in the Management of Subterranean Termites Infestation on Wood-in-Service in Lafia, Nigeria.
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-02-28) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Egbewole, Z.T.; Haruna, I.M.; Jayeoba, O.J.; Jibrin, A.S.
    This study evaluated the efficacy of three edible essential plant oils (Clove, West African black pepper (WABP) and Ginger) and one commercially produced termiticide (Termiguard®) for the control of subterranean termite infestation on Gmelina arborea as a servicing wood. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture (Shabu-Lafia Campus), Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria. The wood test samples measured 4x4x40 cm and the study was laid in a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a total of 30 treatment combinations replicated 10 times making a population of 300 test samples. Each wood test sample was staked at 1 x 0.5 m with 20 cm of the test samples planted into the soil while the other half (20 cm) was exposed to natural environmental conditions for a period of 20 months. Dry weight, %moisture content was taken prior to staking and at 4 months interval of exposure to subterranean termites. The results showed that the susceptibility of Gmelina exposed to subterranean termites in the Graveyard site had final %weight loss of (21.12±8.25%) while samples buried at the termitaria had (19.55±19.69%). It further revealed that the final %weight loss in Gmelina treated with Ginger (17.43±23.78%), WABP (17.78±10.46%), Clove (20.42±13.68%) were not significantly different (p≥0.05) but significantly different (p≤0.05) from the final %weight loss observed in Gmelina treated with Termiguard® (Treated check) (13.76±6.12%) and the %weight loss of (24.78±15.39%) in non treated samples at (p≤0.05). Thus, the susceptibility of Gmelina exposed to subterranean termites at the Graveyard site treated with edible essential plant on oils can be ranked as follows: Control>Clove>WABP> Ginger>Termiguard® (Treated check). The results also showed that the final %weight loss in Gmelina treated at 0.5 dosage rate had (24.78±15.39%) and 1.0 dosage rate had (26.34±21.79%) were not significantly different (p≥0.05) but significantly different (p≤0.05) from the final %weight loss in samples treated at 1.5 g/640 cm3 application rate with %weight loss of (18.55±11.82%). Thus, the susceptibility of samples exposed to subterranean termites at the Graveyard site treated with edible essential plant oils can be ranked as follows: 1.5>0.5>1.0 rate of application and these were significantly different (p≤0.05) from each other. Based on the results of theis study, ginger at an application rate of 1.5 g recorded the least weight loss among the three edible essential plant oils and this compared favourably with the treated check, Termiguard®; it is therefore, recommended for use as a wood preserver.
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    INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FOUR SOYBEAN VARIETIES AT LAFIA, SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-02-02) Jibrin, Mangwa I.; Haruna, I.M.; Ogara, I.M.; Sodah, M.G.
    Field trials were conducted during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus to study the yield performance of soybean varieties under different phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels. The study area fell within the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria, located on latitude 60 150 and 90 300 N and Longitude 60 300 and 110 00E. The treatments consisted of the four P fertilizer levels (0, 13, 26 and 39 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four varieties of soybean (TGX 1448-2E, TGX1987-62F, TGX 1989-19F and TGX 1835-10E). The treatment combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The yield and yield components were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments and each increase in P application resulted in increased number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, seed yield plant-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield hectare-1 in both cropping seasons. The results also showed that application of 39 kg P2O5 ha-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) highest in all the yield parameters measured while control plots produced lowest in both cropping seasons respectively. The results further revealed that the varietal effect of soybean on all the yield and yield components were significant (P<0.05) with TGX 1987-19F variety produced consistently highest number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield hectare-1 while TGX 1835-10E variety produced the lowest yield. In view of the results, this study, therefore recommended that soybean farmers in Lafia and its environs should apply P fertilizer at 39 kg P2O5 ha-1 and adopt TGX 1989-19F variety for profitable soybean production.
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    AN OVERVIEW OF SESAME PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA FROM 1961 TO DATE: A REVIEW
    (Department of Agronomy. Nasarawa State University. Keffi. Nigeria, 2011-02-02) Haruna, I.M.; Ajayi, F.A.; Aliyu, L.; Namaka, A.
    Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) commonly known as Beniseed is one of the cultivated oil seed crops in the world. Since its introduction to Nigeria after the Second World War, it has been regarded as a crop of minor importance compared to groundnut and other cash crops until in 1974, when it became one of the major cash earner in many northern states such as Benue, Gombe, Kano, Jigawa, Plateau, Kaduna, Borno, Nasarawa and Niger states. Huge market potential exists for sesame because the demand for its seeds and products is growing both at the National and International levels. Owing to its previous status as a minor crop, there has been little research efforts on the crop in the past but now, many research on how to enhance its growth and yield to meet the demand of the world teaming population has been intensified. This work therefore outline the major sesame producing areas in Nigeria, the production trend from 1960 to date, gave an overview of production practices across the production areas in Nigeria and discussed the major challenges to sesame production and its prospects to Nigerian economy. In conclusion, the paper recommended among other things: Capacity building on sesame crop improvement and post harvest handling to maintain the quality of produce; introduction and identification of better adaptable cultivars with better resistance to important diseases and pests that wil
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    SEED YIELD AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max. L. Merill) AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER RATES AND VARIETIES AT LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-01-10) Jibrin, Mangwa I.; Haruna, I.M.; Ogara, I.M.; Ibrahim, A.J.; Adamu, M.B.
    Field trials were conducted during the wet seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture Shabu, Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria (08.33°N and 08.33°E) to study the yield and economic returns of soybean as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer rates and variety. The experiment consisted of four levels of phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate (0, 13, 26 and 39 kg P ha-1) and six varieties of soybean (TGX 1985-10F, TGX 1987-10F, TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1987-62F, TGX 1989-19F and TGX 1835-10E). The twenty four treatment combinations were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to form seventy two (72) plots. The results of this study showed that each increase in the rate of applied phosphorus significantly (P<0.05) increased seed yield per hectare of soybean in both years. The results also indicated that the application of 39 kg P ha-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest seed yield (kg ha-1) and gross margin of N 147,850 compared to other rates of applied phosphorus. The results further revealed that TGX 1989-19F variety produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest seed yield (kg ha'1) and higher economic returns of soybean compared to other varieties evaluated. In view of the results, this study therefore recommended phosphorus fertilizer at 39 kg ha'1 and TGX 1989-19F variety for higher yield and better economic returns to soybean farmers at Lafia, Nasarawa State.
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    Susceptibility of Some Servicing Wood Species to Subterranean Termites in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2017-08-31) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Egbewole, Z.T.; Haruna, I.M.; Jayeoba, O.J.; Bala, L.W.; Solomon, S.M.; Rotowa, O.J.
    Termites are well known for their ability to damage wood and various types of wood-derived products. This study evaluated the susceptibility of six servicing wood species (Tectonagrandis, Khayaspp, Daniella oliveri, Gmelina arborea, Parkia biglobosa and Vitallaria paradox) to the activity of subterranean termites. It was conducted on two testing sites, termitaria and the Timber Grave Yard both of the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu-Lafia. The wood test samples measured 4x4x40cm, and the study was laid in a 6 x 5 x 2 factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a total of 60 treatment combinations replicated 5 times making a population of 300 test samples in order to facilitate the interpretation of the main and interacting effects that could evolve.Each wood species was staked at 1m x 0.5m with 20 cm of the test samples planted into the soil while the other half (20cm) was exposed to natural environmental conditions. The servicing wood species stakes were exposed to subterranean termites for a period of 24 months. Dry weight and percentage moisture content was taken prior to staking and after 12 months of exposure to subterranean termites. The result of final weight loss shows that Mahogany had (5.89±5.54g), Teak (9.05±16.96g), Shea butter (13.51±18.00g) and Gmelina spp. with (19.89±28.87g) were not statistically different from each other after 12 months of exposure to termites. But the loss recorded from these four-wood species were statistically different from Pakia spp. with (38.00±37.95g) and Daniella spp (40.23±33.32g) at (p < 0.05). Thus, the susceptibility of the wood species exposed to subterranean termites at the termitaria can be ranked as follows: Daniella spp. >Pakia spp > Gmelina spp. > Shea butter tree > Teak > Mahogany,while those staked in the grave yard showed the following susceptibility rates: Gmelina spp. >Daniella spp. >Pakia spp > Teak >Shea butter tree > Mahogany. At the two sites, Mahogany proved to be less susceptible to attack by subterranean termites. There was a significant positive correlation between the servicing wood species and the two sites used. From this study, it was established that the life of servicing wood species can be prolonged if properly and efficiently used and that Different wood species have different uses. The results have shown that wood species such as Daniella, Gmelina and Parkia biglobosa are highly susceptible to termite infestation; while wood species such as Khaya spp. (Mahogany), Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea butter), Tectonagrandis are less susceptible to termite infestation. Based on the results of this study it is recommended that Daniella and Gmelina species are suitable as light servicing woods and may not be suitable for home and furniture use due to their high level of susceptibility to termite infestation and that Khaya spp. Vitellaria paradoxa and Tectonagrandis arerecommended for heavy duty construction due to the fact that they are less susceptible to termite infestation.