Browsing by Author "Bamidele, Titilayo O."

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    Amelioration of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by aqueous seed extract of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) in albino rats
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-31) Bamidele, Titilayo O.; Enemali, Okey Michael; Isaiah, Nyshir; Haruna, Sunday Gambo
    Plants being a reservoir of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potentials have been the source of raw materials for pharmaceutical industries. The present research investigated the phytochemical constituents and the ameliorating effects of aqueous seed extract of Carica. papaya on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Thirty rats weighing between 200g – 280g were randomly distributed into five groups of six rats each. Various doses of 5g/kg/12hr of 20% ethanol per day and (100, 200, 400) mg/kg/day oral doses of the extract were administered for 14 days, to groups C, D and E respectively. Group A took neither ethanol nor extract, while group B was given alcohol without the extract. The animals were sacrificed and biochemical parameters determined following standard protocols. Results showed that the significant increase (p<0.05) in serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and altered electrolytes concentration were reversed by the extract. The hepatic architecture was also preserved. It can be concluded that the extract has potential protective effects on the liver and kidney against ethanol-induced toxicity.
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    Evaluation of Endogenous Antioxidants and Kidney Function Indices in Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei and Treated with Sodium Bicarbonate
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-10-15) Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Abdullahi, M.H.; Abdullahi, H.S.; Usman, S.; Egbaloshu, J.M.; Bamidele, Titilayo O.; Zaruwa, M.Z.
    Malaria is an infectious disease that is transmitted through mosquito bites and is endemic especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study aimed at evaluating the antioxidants and kidney function indices in albino mice infected with P. berghei and treated with sodium bicarbonate. Twenty mice were randomly divided into five groups of four mice each. Groups 1was the normal control, group 2 was infected with P. berghei, not treated groups (3, 4 and 5) were administered 84mg/kg b.w of sodium bicarbonate once, twice and thrice per day respectively for three days. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for MDA, GPx, SOD, CAT, GHS, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 -, Urea and Creatinine following standard methods. MDA concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher in all the test groups compared to the control. GPx activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2 and increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 5 compared to the control group. SOD activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 3 and increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2, 4 and 5 compared to the control. Catalase decreased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2, 4 and 5 compared to the control. GSH increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups compared to the control. Sodium ion was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 2,3 and 4 compared to the control. Potassium ion was significantly (p<0.05) higher in all the test groups compared to the control. Chloride ion increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 5 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 3 and 4 compared to the control (75.37±0.707). Urea concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2,4,5 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 3 compared to the control (37.60±0.707). Similarly, creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2, 4 and 5 but decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 3 compared to the control. This study revealed that infection of mice with P. berghei may have posed a massive metabolic stress on the kidney as indicated by elevated biochemical parameters although this could not be seen in the histological studies.
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    Evaluation of Physicochemical Changes and Microbial load in Drinking Water within Keffi Town Before and After Storage
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-09-04) Bamidele, Titilayo O.; Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Ogboga, S.A.
    The present study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical parameters and microbial load of drinking water in Keffi town, Nasarawa state, Nigeria and the effect of storing the water. Water samples were collected directory from the factories of selected vendors and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (Tur), chloride ion (Cl-), alkalinity, sulphate ion (SO4 -), nitrates (NO3 -), phosphates (PO4 -), total hardness (TH) and microbial counts following standard scientific procedures. The results were compared with WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards. Sachet water 1 (SW1), tap water (TW) and bottled water (BW1) had chloride values higher than the standards. TW, SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5 and SW6 had viable cell counts above the 100 cfu/ml standards recommended by WHO/NAFDAC with isolated organisms. By the 10th week, pH values decreased in all the samples, TDS and %DO2 increased in all the samples. Alkalinity increased in all the samples with decreased TH, while sulphates values increased in all the samples. Nitrates were not detected in all the samples. Bottled water had total coliform counts within the acceptable values. The results of this study revealed that Bottled water was of best quality for consumption and prolonged storage of all the water samples caused a decrease in PH, TH, %DO2, BOD and Phosphates.
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    Evaluation of the Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Fresh, Sprouted and Toasted Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Seed Extracts
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-27) Bamidele, Titilayo O.; Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Mathew, Auta; Ombugadu, Jesse; Abdullahi, Maryam
    The current study evaluated the Phytochemicals Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Fresh, Sprouted and Toasted Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Seed extracts. The phytochemicals, proximate, amino acids, microminerals and antinutrients compositions were determined following standard laboratory procedures in autoanalizer machines. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD and Duncan test for levels of significance. Results revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Terpenoids in the three samples but anthroquinones was absent in sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds. Saponins (2.15 ± 0.07 mg/100 g), Tannins (40.63 ± 0.13 mg/100 g) Cyanogenic glycosides (3.55 ± 0.35 mg/100 g). There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the concentrations of the phytochemicals in all the samples except for cyanogenic glycosides which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh sample. Percentage protein (24.87 ± 0.48) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample, ash (%) (2.63 ± 0.11) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the sprouted, fibre (20.64 ± 0.23) and moisture (%) (2.88 ± 0.19) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the toasted and carbohydrates (%) (9.81 ± 1.27) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted. Results obtained for Amino acids and mineral analyses showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the three samples and Phytates (0.31 ± 0.01%) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh sample while oxalates (0.85 ± 0.01%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample. The fresh, sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds may possess nutritional and health benefit by the virtue of their richness in phytochmicals, microminerals and amino acids, however the safety of the fresh sample is not guaranteed due to its high concentration of anti-nutrients.