ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DIARRHOEAL STOOLS OF HIV PATIENTS IN KADUNA, NIGERIA
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing phenomenom in contemporary medicine and has emerged as a serious public health concern of the 21st century in particular as it pertains to pathogenic organisms. A total of three hundred and ninety (390) stool samples of HIV seropositive individuals were screened for the presence of Salmonella using enrichment (selenite F broth) and selective (MCA,SSA and XLD) media. Biochemical identification tests were carried out using both the conventional and the Microgen Bioproduct identification system. Polyclonal antisera were employed for the slide agglutination tests. The standardized Kirby-Bauer technique was used for the antibiotic susceptibility testing where thirteen antibiotics were used. Three (3) Salmonella typhi and eleven (11) Salmonella typhimurium were isolated. Furthermore, 73% of Salmonella typhimurium isolated were resistant to ampicillin and Tetracycline respectively whereas all of the Salmonella Typhi were resistant to the antibiotics. Reduced susceptibility was observed with ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, septrin and streptomycin for Salmonella typhimurium while no resistance was encountered for Salmonella typhi. An increased susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium to chloramphenicol was observed but Salmonella typhi was completely susceptible. Ceftriaxone, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin and Amoxicillin showed effective antimicrobial activity against the Salmonella serovars and are therefore suggested as the drugs of choice for the treatment of Salmonellosis infections.