THE JIHADI EXTERNAL INFLUENCE IN NIGERIAN PRE­ COLONIAL CONFLUENCE AREA, 1809-1900

The nineteenth century was quite eventful in Nigerian history because events with far-reaching consequences took place. In Sokoto, Kukawa (Alkalawa) Calabar, Lagos Confluence area, amongst other towns, there were struggles for political control or commercial supremacy. Trade rivalries, Islamic and Christian Missionary movements were commmon. Some of the events destabilized the erstwhile pre­ nineteenth century societies while others effected gradual changes in the people's patterns of life (Last 1967, Adeleye 1971, and Hogben 1930,). Hence this study is devoted to the examination of one of the events, the jihad, political changes and non-Muslim polities had dispensation. By this, the challenges created by been overthrown and Hausa and Fulani state the two Nasarawa and replaced by Fulani builders swung the Keffi sub-emirates of authority. Zaria. This study has administrative reforms relationship and planted found out that by 1812 were introduced in line the seed of ethnic the hegemony of the with the new political contestation.