Assessement of the Implementation of Sanitation and Hygiene in Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna and Benue States, Nigeria

Date

2022-09-03

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Abstract

Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for human survival and well-being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a serious problem to most developing states around the world including Nigeria Benue and Kaduna state in particular. This study assessed the level of Awareness, Behaviour, and practices towards Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a view to ensuring sustainable WASH facilities intervention in the region. Data collection tools include spot check observations and questionnaire involving over 850 participants were selected from five local government areas (LGAs) Chikun, Kajuru, Jaba, Kachia, Zaria and some few local government areas in Benue state. From the results and findings major drinking water source were surface water ( 52.5%) and unprotected hand dug Wells ( 44.8%) only ( 46.2%) treated their water supply and few (16.6%) used chlorination method, pit latrine toilets were the major ( 76.6%) excreta disposal means and open defecation practice were widespread (41.4%) level of personal and environmental hygiene understanding was fairly good in all local government areas, and (65.4%) claimed to use water and soaps for washing hands after defecation. Incidence of water related diseases is generally low in the areas. Despite the commendable findings in study areas, communities are still at risk due to lack of safe water supply and poor practices of home treatment and excreta disposal. Therefore provision of WASH facilities and WASH education is fundamental for ensuring public health in the study area.

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Keywords

Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for human survival and well-being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a serious problem to most developing states around the world including Nigeria Benue and Kaduna state in particular. This study assessed the level of Awareness, Behaviour, and practices towards Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a view to ensuring sustainable WASH facilities intervention in the region. Data collection tools include spot check observations and questionnaire involving over 850 participants were selected from five local government areas (LGAs) Chikun, Kajuru, Jaba, Kachia, Zaria and some few local government areas in Benue state. From the results and findings major drinking water source were surface water ( 52.5%) and unprotected hand dug Wells ( 44.8%) only ( 46.2%) treated their water supply and few (16.6%) used chlorination method, pit latrine toilets were the major ( 76.6%) excreta disposal means and open defecation practice were widespread (41.4%) level of personal and environmental hygiene understanding was fairly good in all local government areas, and (65.4%) claimed to use water and soaps for washing hands after defecation. Incidence of water related diseases is generally low in the areas. Despite the commendable findings in study areas, communities are still at risk due to lack of safe water supply and poor practices of home treatment and excreta disposal. Therefore provision of WASH facilities and WASH education is fundamental for ensuring public health in the study area.

Citation

IWA (International Water Association)/WHO (World Health Organisation), Promotion of Tap Water Drinking and Public Relation Practices in Water Utilities Water Safety Plans, IWA (International Water Association), Beijing, China, 2011, 6th IWA-JWWA Workshop. S. Yaya, A. Hudani, O. Udenigwe, V. Shah, M. Ekholuenetale, and G. Bishwajit, “Improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices, and housing quality to prevent diarrhea among under-five children in Nigeria,” Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 41, 2018. WHO and JMP, “Launch version July 12 2017,” in Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene—2017 Update and SDG Baselines, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. WHO, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Transforming the Regional Agenda towards Equitable Access to Safe and Sustainable Services, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017. A. Prüss-Ustün, J. Wolf, J. Bartram et al., “Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: an updated analysis with a focus on low- and middle-income countries,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol. 222, no. 5, pp. 765–777, 2019. WHO, “Valuing water, valuing livelihoods,” in Paul Jagals and Katherine Pond, J. Cameron and P. Hunter, Eds., IWA Publishing, London, UK, 2011. WHO, “Water safety plans: risk-based preventive management of drinking-water supplies,” in Proceedings of the 3rd Municipal Water Quality Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, June 2011. UNICEF, Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Nigeria, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA, 2010, FACT SHEET, http://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ng.

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