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Item Open Access ASSESSMENT OF THE CHALLENGES INHIBITING TEACHING WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FCT, ABUJA.(Department of Education Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-01) Adeola, Omolara Adesina; Sani, Yakubu; Chuks, Peter EmakporThe ineffectiveness of many teachers to redder quality services and deliver instructions in the classroom prompted the present study. It has been observed from literature that many challenges inhibit teachers' efficiency in promoting quality teaching and learning delivery in secondcuy schools, including those in the Federal Capital Territory> (FCT), Abuja. Notably, if opportunities were provided where teachers can effectively tetich with modern technologies to support teaching in the classrooms, quality services and teaching delivery will be promoted and guaranteed. Consequently, the present study assessed the challenges inhibiting teaching with modern technologies for quality assurance of teachers in secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, s~ Nigeria. Some challenges examined inclvkled teachers' inaccessibility of technological resources, attitude and inadequacy of teachers' continuous training and retraining. Adopting the descriptive survey research design, three research questions guided the study. Total population comprised 3,339 secondary school teachers in 62 public secondary’ schools from, the 6 LG As in the FCT, Abuja. The sample size was 334* teachers (10% of the teachers' population and 50% of the public secondary schools) within the 6 LGAs in the FCT, using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A 24-item questionnaire personally developed by the researcher, was the main instrument for data collection. It was structured on a 4-point scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. A pilot test was onducted in order to establish reliability of the instrument, using Cronbach Alpha statistics which yielded an overall internal consistency reliability value of 0.83, showing that the instrument was reliable. Data were analyzed using only mean scores wted at 2.50. Findings of the study revealed among others that the challenges investigated inhibited teaching with modern technologies for quality assurance of teachers' in secondaiy schools in the FCT. It was however found out that teachers' inaccessibility of technological resources, teachers' attitude towards the use of technological resources and inadequacy of teachers' continuous training and retraining inhibited their teaching with modern technologies for quality assurance of teachers in secondaiy schools in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations were proffered and among them include that the Minister of FCT in collaboration with the Sgcondaiy Education Board should make provisions for teachers' accessibility of the modern technologies in order to support their teachings for their quality assurance through adequate financial allocation and funding of secondary schools for the provision the necessary modern technologies like the computers, projectors, softwares, among others, for teaching and learning in tjje schools.Item Open Access Relationship between Teacher Working Conditions and Teacher Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria(Department of Education Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-01) Sani, Yakubu; Uwaleke, Gladys Chinelo; Muhammad,Mainoma Hauwa’uThe paper examined Relationship between Teacher Working Conditions and Teacher Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Three (3) Research Questions, with corresponding objectives and three (3) hypotheses were generated to guide the study. The study was guided by cross sectional survey research. The population of the study comprises 2623 principals and teachers drawn from fifty five (55) Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Lucky dip method of Simple Random Sampling Technique was employed and 1312 principals and teachers was used as sample size of the study. Self designed structured questionnaire that consisted 24 items was used for data collection. The self- designed structured Questionnaire yielded 0.82 as the logical validity index and 0.90 as a coefficient of internal consistency. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while product moment correlation (PPMC) statistic was employed to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance one of the-findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between teacher working conditions and teacher effectiveness in public secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Recommendation based on this finding is that the working conditions of teacher should be improved upon in order to enhance teachers' effectiveness in public secondary schools.Item Open Access FUNDING AND MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EEDUCATION PROGRAMME OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA.(Department of Education Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2023-03-27) Sani, Yakubu; Chuks, Emakpor Peter; Lamishi, Gloria MarkThe study focused on funding and management of UBE programme in junior secondary schools in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The research design used for this study was correlational survey research design. The population of this study consisted of 5193 teachers. The sample size of this study consisted of 357 teachers. The instrument used for data collection was the researchers self-designed questionnaire called "Questionnaire on Funding and Management of Universal Basic Education’ (QFMUBE). The instrument was duly validated and it yielded 0.75 as validity index. The instrument was pilot tested on 20 teachers in GSS Kuje and the coefficient of internal consistency of 0.76 was obtained. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Pearson's product moment correlation was employed to test all the hypotheses at 0.05 level ofsignificance. The findings of the study indicated that there is a low significant relationship between funding and provision of infrastructural facilities in junior secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, here is a low significant relationship between funding and provision of instructional materials in junior secondary schools in FCT, Abuja and there is a low significant relationship exists between funding and employment of teachers in junior secondary schools in FCT, Abuja. One of the recommendations of the study was that The Federal Capital Territory Secondary Education Board should solicit for special intervention funds from international organizations, advanced countries and other donor agencies such as United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), African Union (AU), European Union (EU), the United States of America, the United Kingdom g others to facilitate effective management of secondary schools in Federal Capital amon Territory.Item Open Access ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF RURAL COMMUNITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ALONG THE GONGOLA RIVER IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Yakubu, Dan; Kim, IdomaThis study was carried out to examine rural communities' adaptation strategies to climate change along the Gongola River in North-Eastern Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Interview schedule was adopted in the collection of information from the sampled respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. The result revealed that the household heads perceived changes in climate in the study area as increase in temperature, reduction in the amount of rainfall and longer dry and shorter wet seasons. Additionally, 33% of the farmers perceived the effects of climate change as decline in crop yields, 16% observed low volume of water along the river and 32% detected more pests and diseases affecting crops. Consequently, more of fadama farming along River Gongola (69%) increase in non-farm activities (73%), more use of improved seeds (13%) and herbicides (15%) were strategies adopted to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, low awareness and education on climate change (18%), poor access to credit facilities (26%), inadequate finance (33%) and longer period of fodder scarcity (27%) were identified as main barriers to the adaptation strategies in the study area. The correlation result revealed that family size and occupation of respondents were significant factors influencing adaptation decisions.Therefore, carefully targeted programmes on awareness creation on climate change, intensive adult education, dissemination of indigenous early warning information and improved frequencies of agricultural extension sendees among others are crucial to moderate the negative impacts of climate in the study area.Item Open Access APPRAISAL OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MASAKA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Butu, Ali WilliamsTechnological development has led to the production not only electrical and electronic equipment but also to increase in scraps generation. The rapid movements in electronic industry, e-waste including obsolete and substandard electronic products have become the fastest growing components in the solid waste stream in Masaka and this waste contained toxic chemical elements that pose serious environmental threats. The paper examined electronic waste management system and the environmental effects on Masaka, Karu Local Government Area. Materials for the study structured oral interviews and field observations. The results of the study show that e-waste products are generated from the use of electrical/electronic equipments such as battery, electrical cables, televisions, radio repair workshops, cell, phones, computer parts and accessories among others. The rate of generation has been exacerbated by increased in population and technological upgrading due to increase in economic wellbeing of the people. The result also shows that the e- wastes are indiscriminately dumped on open spaces or streets. There is neither characterization of this e-waste non organized recycling, except by local scavengers (yan bolas) that operate backyard recycling by disassembling or open burning of the e-waste to extract materials of immediate use such as cable, plastic, ICs, transistors and metals leaving behind the toxic metals which are potent pollutants. E-wastes are known to contain toxic heavy metals that are linked to major were obtained from ailments peculiar to humans. The paper therefore recommends strong legislation enforcement on importation of obsolete and substandard electrical and electronic products and a good e-waste handling and recycling strategies that are economic and environmental friendly.Item Open Access ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINATION IN KAKURI INDUSTRIAL AREA OF KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-15) Aliyu, Dadan- Garba; Garba, Umma Kaita Mashi; Namadi, Mukhtar Muhammadhis study examined the effects of industrial effluents on the soils of Kakuri industrial area of Kaduna metropolis, 20 soil samples were collected at the surfaces and sub surfaces of locations near the two industries - Nigerian Breweries PLC, United Nigeria Textile Limited and some control points where no industrial activities take place. The samples were analysed using the standard chemical analysis at the soil laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Soil parameters investigated were physico-chemical and heavy metals. Results showed that the levels of the parameters were generally higher in the sampling points near the industries than in control areas.Item Open Access Effect of Climate variability on malaria infection in Isuikwuato Local Government Area of Abia State/ Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-12-20) Anzaku, I.M.; Alkali, Mohammed; Yusuf, Abdulmumin; Ubangari, Yakubu A.This study assesses the effect of climate variability on malaria infection in Isuikwuato Local area of Abia state/ Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources of data where employed. The data for this study were processed and analyzed quantitatively. The quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Microsoft excel/ and spas statistical package version 16. The descriptive statistics that was used consists of central tendency and the tie series trend analysis, the inferential statistics employed in the study were a linear regression and the person product momenc correlation. The result revealed an increase in rainfall experience in the year 1005-1008. Majority of respondents 58% were aware of climate change. Majority of respondents agreed that there increase temperature and number of sunny days 54% 51% of the delivery that an increase in rainfall in area was as a result of climate change. Government at Local/ National and international level should put more effort in combating malaria disease so as to achieve sustainable development.Item Open Access SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL IN SELECTED AREAS OF NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-03-06) Sufiyan, Ibrahim; Alkali, Mohammed; Dahiru, MuhammadTo evaluate the distribution rainfall more accurately, a model to daily data and simulate for long duration of data will be required. Before checking these simulated payouts against the observed payouts, it is recommended to perform a series of rainfall simulation models and trend analyses. The object is to predict the intensity of rainfall and compare its crop yield at different spots in Nasarawa state. The simulation was used and variant rainfall trend analysis was applied. The result indicates that there is a significant correlation between the rainfall at Nasarawa and Keffi. However, modern uses of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers can lead to different crop performance and yields. Rainfall output in Nasarawa is higher than that of Keffi as compared based on the simulation result.Item Open Access GEOSPATIAL TREND ANALYSIS OF RAIN-FED AND IRRIGATION PRACTICES FOR CROPS YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN KURA AND MINJIBIR, KANO STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-01-03) Dahiru, M.K.; Sufiyan, Ibrahim; Alkali, MohammedOne of the advancements in Agriculture in recent time is the boost of crop yield to increase the number of output and feed the growing Nigerian population. The higher the output the less cost of food items and the more the food security. Kano State is one of the focal point not only on rain fed Agriculture alone but in irrigation farming. Irrigation was adopted coupled with soil fertility, most major crops such as Sorghum Bicolor, Maize, Millet, Beans and Groundnuts are typically grown during rainy season, while market garden crops such as Tomatoes, Pepper, Onion and Rice are now cultivated during the dry period in large hectares of land. This study focuses on different crops yield and its spatial distribution; to calculate the total crop yield per hectare and ascertain the duration of bumper harvest using trend analysis and normal probability. The result indicated more turn-out of farmers with double output of both rain fed and irrigation crops from 2019 and 2020 in two major local government area of Kano State Nigeria.Item Open Access GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE UNITS OF FLOOD INUNDATION AT DIFFERENT SUB-BASINS PARAMETERS IN TERENGGANU WATERSHED, MALAYSIA(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-01-01) Alkali, Mohammed; Sufiyan, Ibrahim; Dahiru, M.K.Flood is one of the natural events in our environment. It destroys and displaces naturally existing structures found within the Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). These include the Land Cover/Land use, Soil structure and the topography or the terrain. The method applied was the used of ArcSWAT to determine those flooded sub-basins by simply delineating the whole watershed into different sub-basin parameters. The result proves that what determines the flood influence was the area of the sub-basin that contained the HRUs not the HRUs itself. Once the sub-basin was inundated, the flooded streams within the sub-basins were calculated as flood impact, in this analysis 5 number of sub-basins were flooded in the watershed of Terengganu. Sub-basin number 3 has the highest flood impact with 14,699 hectares and sub-basin number 5 has the lowest total flood impact of 968.82 hectare.Item Open Access ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY ON SELECTED BOREHOLE IN RELATION TO DISTANCE BETWEEN SOAKAWAY AND BOREHOLE IN KARU L.G.A, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-03) Onimisi, S.A.; Sangari, Dalhatu Umaru; Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Alkali, Mohammed77iw wor/: assess the Effect of Distances between soakaway and Borehole on Groundwater Quality in Karu EGA, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study used both primary and secondary data. Water is vital to the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasing being threatened as human populations grow and demand for more water of high quality for drinking purposes and economic activities increases. Water plays a significant role in maintaining the human health and welfare. Clean drinking water is now recognised as a fundamental right of human beings. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of distances between soakaway and borehole on groundwater quality in Mararaba, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. The specific objectives are: to investigate the bacteriological quality of the ground water sample obtained from boreholes within the study area, to investigate the physio-chemical l quality of the aground water sample obtained from boreholes within the study area. Environmental problems in Nigeria are varied and \ If $ 4 extremely serious. The case of Karu is no exception. The city suffers badly from a range of environmental threats, particularly waste and pollution, which are rapidly getting worse, as Karu is one of the fastest growing urban areas in Nasarawa State. The results obtained from this research work show that the degree of nearness of any groundwater source, to pollution source determines, to a large extent, the degree of pollution of that groundwater source. Based on the findings the following recommendations were made by the partners dealing with environmental management issues in Karu should work together each time projects that involve groundwater development and onsite wastewater treatment are to be implemented, the Ministry of water Resources and Nasarawa State Urban development board should consider provision of piped water and sewerage sendees to Karu in order to protect the community against waterborne diseases, officials of Karu LCA should work with the Geological agencies in identifying areas that are suitable to for boreholes on the same piece of land to avoid groundwater pollution. The ministry of water and Nasarawa state Urban development board should considered provision of piped water and sewerage services to Karu in order to protect the community against waterborne diseases. researcher:Item Open Access Impact of Changes in Abuja Master Plan in Phase I Part of the Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-07-20) Anzaku, I.M.; Alkali, Mohammed; Zakson, C.E.; Affi, Jonah I.; Ahmadu, Jibrin; Umbugus, AbrahamThis work presents the outcome of changes made in the course of implementing the Abuja Master Plan as it affects the Environment, holistically. It also depicts the circumstances surrounding these changes, ranging from their causes, where, how and causative agents. The study area falls within Phase 1 of about 6000 square hectares of land, from the 250 square kilometers covered by the Federal Capital City, which lies between Latitude 70 -20 minutes north of the Equator and Longitude 60 - 45minutes and 70 - 39 minutes south, as the lands raises the up hills ofGurara Falls with lilted Green Savanna Forests. The purpose is to examine the Impact of the arbitrary changes, have on the environment be it negative or positive as the case may be. Obtaining the information for this research is based on both Primary and Secondary Sources. As the Primary source is mainly through observations and questionnaire, the Secondary data is based on existing documents like, maps, articles Abuja Master Plan, within and outside the organization or agencies saddled with the responsibility of ensuring a sustainable Urban City Development However, it is found out that changes are made within green areas, open spaces, recreation areas, and residential to commercial, public to private uses, thus resulting to incompatible uses thus causing congestion cum loss of fauna-flora and over stretching some utilities/services. However, changes made on the land uses are being considered in both negative and positive aspect and their severity to whole environment Some of the negative changes have already been reverted to their original uses to meet the needs and aspirations of the populace. These changes were mainly within the green area comprising off lood plains, rock out-crops and recreational areas of the city. The changes occurred during the Mallam Nasiru El-Rufai Administration in the Federal Capital City. It is recommended that the principle of preventive and corrective systems be adapted to ameliorate further changes.Item Open Access Efficiency of solid waste management methods in Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-01-06) Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Alkali, Mohammed; Opaluwa, O.D.The efficiency of solid waste management in Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State was studied through the administration of questionnaires to heads of household using systematic sampling methods. The study covered a wide range of socio-economic and demographic variables from the households, such that income of household heads, household size, educational status of household heads, methods and frequency/efficiency of waste collection; waste bins by households and disposals facilities used as well as the role played by government in waste management in the study area were investigated. The study area was divided into Masaka, Karu and Mararaba communities. The results were largely based on the data generated through the administration of questionnaires. 300 copies of questionnaires were administered to household heads in the three areas selected, where Masaka area had 75; Karu area had 108 while Mararaba area had 117. It was deduced that solid waste generated in all the areas remained for days or weeks without been evacuated and containers used for waste collection are not adequate, majority of household heads in the three areas use either plastic or metal buckets to collect and disposed their waste at the locations designated containers for such are placed and also that the socio-economic characteristics varied in all the three areas. Furthermore, at 5% level of significance, H-calculated (as against Ho, efficient waste management) for the three communities were 0.178<5.99<9.21, and are all higher than 0.05 with the implication that solid waste management is not efficient in all the areas. It is therefore, recommended that Nasarawa State should as a matter of priority release more funds to the body that is responsible for management of wastes'through Nasarawa State Berau of waste management, a unit under Nasarawa Urban Development Board to cope with the increasing volumes of wastes in the study area. This will help to reduce the high rate of the likelihood of outbreak of epidemic.Item Open Access Assessment of air quality within Maiganga coal mining area in Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-11-20) Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Opaluwa, O.D.; Alkali, Mohammed; Lass, KumoAnthropogenic activity especially coal mining contributes immensely to environmental pollution within coalmine and the host community especially if not well managed. This study is on the assessment of air quality in and around Maiganga coalmine, with the objectives of finding out the ambient concentration levels of criteria air pollutants within the coalmine, the Maiganga community and the four control sites 2km north, south, east and west of the coalmine, as well as compare the findings with the concentration levels of pollutants recommended as acceptable safety limits set by Federal Ministry of Environment, FMEnv. Six sampling locations were selected for detail assessment, with one point in each of the sites mentioned. Measurement of concentrations of criteria air pollutants; sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) were taken in-situ using Personal Toxic Gas Monitor (Tango TX1 single gas monitor). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), were collected using a Portable Counter HT - 9601 (PM2.5 and PM10) personal dust meter high volume gravity sampler. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were also measured using a Portable Hand Held Gas Detector (Porcheck+). The study was done during the dry season and the results revealed that, coarse paticulate matter (PM10) was above the stipulated safety limit of 250pg/m3 set by the FMEnv for the coal mine area and Maiganga community but all other parameters were within the safety limits of the FMEnv. CO, NO2, SO2, and NH3 in coalmine area had concentrations lower than in that in control areas because of other anthropogenic activities like burning, heating, waste disposal, agricultural practices and a host of others taking place in the control area and which are not available in the coalmine area. However, the concentrations of the aforementioned parameters were higher in Maiganga community than in the control areas due to higher rate of anthropogenic activities in the community than in the control areas. The hypothesis were tested using student t - test, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted which showed there was no significant variations in the values of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PMio), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) obtain from the coalmine, Maiganga community and the Control (N.S.E.W) with safety limits set by FMEnv. It is however, recommended that the Federal Ministry of Environment and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) should ensure strict compliance with safety and environmental standards agreed upon during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).Item Open Access Evaluation of Loggers’ Knowledge of Environmental Consequences of Logging in Kwarra, Wamba L.G.A, Nasarawa State(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-06-06) Adana, Mohammed Yusuf; Dahiru, M.K.; Alkali, Mohammed; Umar, NasiruEvaluation of loggers’ knowledge of environmental consequences of logging in Kwarra, Wamba L.G.A, Nasarawa State. Stratified sampling technique was employed for data collection. The sample points were stratified into 23 villages where each village represents a stratum. The result obtained from the respondents’ knowledge on the impact of logging on the environment revealed that 51.7% of the respondents are aware of the fact that logging can pose significant impact on the environment while 48.3% are ignorant. Out of the number of the respondents that are aware of the impacts or effects of logging on the environment, 44.4% of them cannot say specifically what constitutes the impacts. However, it is also revealed that much of the impacts was related to soil erosion; while degradation, change in the amount of oxygen, absence of some medicinal plants and economic trees accounts for only 4.4%, 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.2% respectively. The study concluded that the Loggers in Kwarra District are not ignorant of the impacts of logging on the environment; despite the knowledge of the impacts, but could not do anything to mitigate the impacts. So, the study recommended that policies and laws that support conservation of natural resources should be fully implemented.Item Open Access ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER QUALITY ON DIFFERENT ROOFING SYSTEMS IN KUBWA DISTRICT, ABUJA, NIGERIA.(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Alkali, Mohammed; Jibrin, AhmaduThis study analysed the quality of rainwater on different roofing systems for domestic use in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. The study compared harvested rainwater quality of three (3) roof types, corrugated iron roofing (Zinc), Aluminium roofing and Asbestos roofing systems. The result shows that most of the physiochemical characteristics of rainwater were generally within the WHO threshold considered safe for domestic water use. However, some of the parameters such as iron, lead and cadmium were above the WHO standard for drinking water. Corrugated iron roofing system yielded a high concentration in iron, lead and cadmium. Asbestos roofing system yielded a higher concentration of iron and lead. Aluminium roofing system also yielded a high concentration of iron and lead. The results of the three (30 roofing systems showed that rainwater does not meet the required standard of WHO for drinking. The study therefore recommended that harvested rainwater in the stiudy area should not be used for the purpose of drinking as it is likely to pose danger to the health of mankind but could be used for other domestic uses.Item Open Access Utilization of Wastewater Management for Sustainable City Environment in Abuja, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-01-06) Emeodilichi, Mba H.; Mba, Chika B.; Alkali, MohammedWastewater contribute to many damages to the ecosystem and biodiversity, it encompasses domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural components and also faecal sludge, to prevent this sensitive damage, wastewater need to be well treated before being discharged to the environment or water bodies, otherwise it contributes to some disease outbreak like malaria and typhoid. Extreme poverty with inequality of income, housing system and poor urban planning combined with rapid increase in population mostly found in low/lower class settlement are among those factors contributing to these challenges and this study determines the health and environment impact of untreated wastewater. The comparative study was carried out in two study areas; highbrow areas that makes use of central wastewater treatment plant known as "WUPA" and low/lower income areas that practice open surface wastewater discharge, to determine how frequent both residents treats malaria/typhoid and soil pH value of the study areas also analyzed. In-house survey questionnaire for 300 respondents of children below 12 years was employed which show that average 65% of residents in highbrow areas treated both malaria/typhoid once in 6 months, while 64% in the low/lower class areas treated 4 times in 6 months and with an average pH value of 8.18 for highbrow areas and 7.51 for low/lower class areas. This study recommends that government should connect all areas to the treatment plant, implement proper urban planning, awareness and with enforcement.Item Open Access Assessment of Dust Concentration and Compounds at Quarry Sites in Akamkpa Cross River State, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-01-04) Inyaka, Godwin Igie; Alkali, Mohammed; Emeodilichi, Mba H.; Alfred, Udofia UdemeThis study assessed dust concentration, elements and compounds at limestone quarry site and the aim was to determine the level of air pollution due to dust generated from quarrying activities, the elements and risks it poses to health and the environment. Dust samples were collected using a 224-PCXR4 sample pump and analyzed for concentrations and harmful elements/compounds constituents. The results shows that dust concentration at the quarry site was quite high on the average 51.56 mg/m3, when compared with the limit 10 mg/m3 and the study revealed that the crushing plant had more dust concentration of 92.5 mg/m3 than all the other working areas. Quarry pit had the second highest concentration, followed by garage and the office areas in descending order, three main harmful elements/compound detected in the sampled dust are; silicon dioxide with a mean concentration of 0.62 mg/m3, chromium 5.92 mg/m3 and lead 9.24 mg/m3 respectively. The study recommends that environmental management systems, which include a dust management plan, should be employed at the quarries in order to mitigate dust generation. Particularly during drilling/blasting of rocks and at the crushing plant.Item Open Access Assessment of Rainfall and Crop Yield Simulation in Nasarawa Town Nasarawa State Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-01-06) Sufiyan, Ibrahim; Muhammad, K.D.; Alkali, MohammedRecent technology use simulation to predict the amount and total crop production and yield in a particular piece of land. Crop yield is termed as the growth of crop per unit area. This study calculates the crop yield for 20 years and uses simulation to produce 18 years of crop yields at different locations in Nasarawa Local Government Area of Nasarawa State Nigeria. The objective is to show the relationship between rainfall variability and crop yield and to simulate the crop output base on rainfall intensity. The study applies the use of time series analysis of both Linear, quadratic and growth curve models to ascertain the crop yield. The result indicates that there is a high amount of rainfall in the preceding year from 2020 -2038 with a rainfall trend of more than 2200mm-2300mm per annum. The crop yield simulation shows a higher growth curve with a bumper harvest in the next years to come.Item Open Access ASSESSMENT OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS' RAINWATER HARVESTING . TECHNIQUES IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY - ABUJA, NIGERIA.(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-04-04) Alkali, Mohammed; Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Tehinse, Samaila TaiyeThis study assessed small holder fanners' rainwater harvesting techniques in the FCT. 60 farmers were randomly sampled from Gwagwalada and Kuje Area Councils. Primaty data were collected using questionnaires and interview methods and the data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic Regression Model was used to determine the factors influencing adoption of rainwater ha/vesting techniques in the study area. It was found that roof water tanks (45%) as well as sand dams (36.1%) were the most practiced techniques in this area by most farmers. The study also found that most (56.7%) of the farmers were aware of water harvesting techniques and willing to adopt them. Information on their sources of information proved that Extension officers (53.3%0 and Radio (23.3%) were the most important source of information to the farmers on water harvesting techniques. Logistic model showed that education level, experience of water shortage, awareness of water harvesting techniques, income, age, were highly important variables that positively influences adoption of water han>esting techniques. Farm size and farming as main source of income also had significant but negative relationship with the adoption of rainwater harvesting techniques. 71.7%> offarmers indicated decreasing trend of water resources in the study area, 21.6% pointed out that the water resources are completely diying up and 58.3% attributed these changes to the changing climate. It was concluded that Although most of the small holder farmers had secondary education and can understand processes required to adopt and operate several rainwater har\>esting techniques, the awareness level of rainwater harvesting techniques (56.7%) which is only slightly above average proves that much work is still required in terms of awareness to attain optimum adoption level and enhanced agricultural productivity. Relevant agencies should put more emphases on education and awareness creation to increase the adoption of reliable water har\>esting technique.