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Item Open Access MILITARY SPENDING AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE(DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2009-01-01) Egwaikhide, Christian I.; Aiyedogbon, John 0.The paper assesses the importance of military spending, among other things, in determining the rate of employment in Nigeria. The OLS estimation techniques are employed. Although series of studies have examined the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth, few studies has been devoted to investigate the nature of relationship that exists between military spending and employment in armed forces, ministry of defence, and industries that supply defence material. In economic discourse and literature, no consensus exists on this issue. On one hand, are some scholars who are of the view that military spending would increase employment as vast number of workers are engaged either directly in military related operations or in variety of service and supporting functions or spending on armed forces may lead to increase demand in the economy. On the other hand, are scholars who hold the view that military spending on high-technology and labour saving device can aggravate the problem of unemployment The findings show that military spending positively affect employment in Nigeria,Item Open Access SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MALARIA ON FOOD SECURITY IN KOGI STATE(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-12-12) Ibrahim, Hauwa V. Idris; Rabo, Mavaladakare; Henry, Ahmed EggonThis study examined the impact of malaria on food security in Kogi state. The study adopted descriptive methods to carry out the analysis. The data were obtained through o household survey conducted between May and August 2020 using questionnaire. The analysis of the results showed that while incidence of malaria; direct cost of malaria; and size of family have negative impact on food security (calorie intake), level of education has negative impact on calorie intake in Kogi state. The study therefore recommends that various methods of treatment utilized by citizens of Kogi State for the combat of malaria should be sustained and government should make efforts to improve them. Besides, there is a need for health awareness campaign through seminars organized رط the various Primary Health Care Centers and coordinated by the State Ministry of Health on the dangers of malaria, modes of transmission, and various forms of treatment against malaria and proper ways of using them.Item Open Access Assessment of the Impact of Human Capital Development on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria(Department Of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2012-02-04) Akawu, Francis A.Poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that affects many aspects of human condition ranging from physical to moral and psychological. There can be no significant reduction of it in any society without adequate human capital development. This paper therefore, attempts to assess the impact of human capital development on poverty alleviation in Nigeria between! 986 - 2010. It used time series data and employed multiple linear regressions model in its analysis. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used in estimating the model. An Eviews Statistical package and Cochrane-Orcutt method was employed in computation of the results. The results of the study revealed that human capital development has significant impact on reducing poverty in Nigeria within the period under reviewItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF INFORMAL SECTOR ACTIVITIES AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN KCEBBI STATE NIGERIA.(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2021-01-06) Akawu, Francis A.; Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Adelowo, AdewaleThe objective of this study is to cany out an assessment of informal sector activities and poverty alleviation in Kebbi State, .The methods used include the chi-square test which validates the robustness of the model, the while the Z-test was used for the hypothesis testing of the variables. The logistic regression was used for the model estimation. The results of the analysis showed that taxi driving activities, income, employment, savings, assests and education are key variables necessaiy in poverty alleviation in Kebbi State. However, income and total assets were more impactful among the variables in reducing poverty in kebbi state. The hypothesis showed that informal sector activities has a significant relationship with poverty reduction in Kebbi State. Additionally the chi-square lest revealed that the model is very robust and good for analysis. The paper concludes by recommending that Informal sector transport operators should try to earn more income to be able to put food on the table. Since a person cannot be considered living in poverty if he is able to provide himself with three square meals per day. Living in a decent home is a sign of not living in poverty ceteris paribus, operator in the informal sector should try to earn more income and provide there selves with a decent houseItem Open Access IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2021-12-12) Olufemi, Osanaiye Olutobi; Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Justice, MuluhThe study examined the impact of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Agricultural Output in Nigeria. The study uses annual time series data from 1985 to 2020. The data used for the study were drawn from secondary sources. The sources of data were from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). To obtain estimates and results that are consistent and not methodology biased, the study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) technique. Therefore, the study has employed an analytical method to examine the relationship between trade liberalization and agricultural output growth in Nigeria. The empirical analysis started with the modelling and examination of the time series property of the data used. Specifically, we conducted the Stationarity Test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philip Perron (PP) unit roots test and co-integration test using Johansen and ARDL bound cointegration technique. The result of the unit root test revealed that all the variables were stationary at different integration level i.e there exist mix result as shown by ADF tests as well as the order of integration of the variables. This shows that in the short run, trade liberalization has no significant impact on agricultural output in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that firstly, the liberalization of trade should be gradually done. Secondly, the government should ensure that the agricultural sector is operating at its full capacity. Thirdly, an optimal exchange rate policy should be put in place so that Nigeria s Agricultural sector will be operating on its production possibility frontier. Finally, the government should initiate and put in place policies that will promote the attraction of FDI into the agricultural sector.Item Open Access Tax problems and economic development in Nigeria(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2008-12-24) Henry, Ahmed EggonThere is a general consensus that a well designed tax structure can play a developmental role in a developing economy. It has been argued that a tax structure is conductive to economic growth since its restraints household consumption thereby increasing savings for capital formation. The rapid growth in government revenue enables the government to meet its pressing needs for increased expenditures. However, the reviewed interest in taxation that has accompanied the development drive has received little academic coverage due to scarcity of data and the understandable pre-occupation of tax authorities with operational matters. The paper observed that tax structure changes during the process of economic development and social mobilization. At high level of incomes, greater diversity in tax structure is possible in terms of direct or indirect taxes or both. The paper posits that tax structure must be adjusted so as make it easy to raise revenue in respond to GDP. This means that increases responsiveness to inflation, which requires prompt adjustment of the tax base to rising price.Item Open Access The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2017-09-10) Anzaku, E.D.; Henry, Ahmed EggonThis study examined the impact of fiscal policy on the economic growth of Nigerian economy between 1980 to 2014. The unit roots of the series were examined using Augmented Dickey-fuller test for stationary of the variables. Granger causality test was administered to establish the causal elements. The results revealed that total government expenditure (TGE) and total government consumption expenditure (TGCE) exert positively on economic growth during the period of coverage and thus a long-run relationship does exist between them. The study therefore, recommends that there should be more improvement on spending on health, education and economic services to boost economic growth in Nigerian economy.Item Open Access THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN AIDS AND DEMONSTRATION EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2005-11-30) Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Sabo, Ajidani MosesIn this paper, an attempt was made to discuss the impact of foreign aids and demonstration effect on economic development in developing countries. Various literature concerning aids and demonstration effect were reviewed. The paper observed that foreign aids are quite desirable in any economy because they play a major role in easing the constraints of low levels of domestic savings and investment as well as foreign exchange inadequacies. However, it was found that aids remained highly concentrated, going from a few number of developed countries to a few number of developing countries. It was also found that foreign aids have played a positive role in improving Human Development Index (MDI) in Less Developed Countries (LDCS). In view of the above, it was recommended that there should be more outright grants and confessional loans and less tied aids to give greater autonomy and flexibility to the recipients in terms of their allocation and uses. The paper posits that the LDCS should look inward as an alternative to foreign aids.Item Open Access AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF SMALL - SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2004-12-25) Henry, Ahmed EggonSmall-scale enterprise is a major requirement for achievement of sustainable development in Nigeria. By the mid 1980s, the search for alternative strategies, including the IMF and World Bank sponsored Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and its attendant problems made our nation an experimental laboratory for every theory.The present inflationary depression, business bankruptcy and so on require remedial and preventive measures to avoid social unrest. The only way to shield the increasing population from economic crisis is to prepare them for self-reliance through the small-scale enterprises. The paper posit that small-scale enterprises9 roles are:-Guaranteed diversification, adaptability to local market, low capital requirement and so on which offer prospects for increased employment and efficient utilization of resources. The paper suggests that the government should emphasize on strategic planning in which small-scale enterprises would be positioned in the centre so that leaders should encourage the spirit of enterprise, liberate the activity of individual in order to nurture new economic climate for self-reliance which is the only hope for rapid industrialization in Nigeria.Item Open Access AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON THE NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH: 1999-2008(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-07-11) Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Sabo, Ajidani MosesThis paper was written to investigate the impact of corruption on Nigerian's economic growth during the 1999-2008. A Barro type model was adjusted and used in the study. In the vaper, it is observed that the problem of corruption is intractable and thus need sacrifice by all and Sundry. Ordinary least squares (OLS) technique using the multiple regression method was used. The findings showed that while corruption has positive impact on public capital expenditure, it has negative impact on human capital and foreign direct investment in Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that death penalty should be meted on any public official(s) found by law to be corruptly enriched himself or herself.Item Open Access Does Institutional Microfinance Credit Alleviate Rural Poverty?(Department Of Ecnomics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2012-02-04) Jibril, Mohammed ShaibuThis study investigated the impact of institutional microfinance credit on the poverty level of borrowers from five selected microfinance banks located in selected five local government areas (Giwa, Makarfi, Kudan and Zaria) of Kaduna state using field survey. The results indicated that change in average monthly income takes the lead in the impact of loan on the borrowers' businesses at 45.6% in the study area. Also, a sizeable percentage of the sample borrowers were able to pay children school fees (28.8%), able to feed their family (20.8%), built a small house (13.5%), accumulate personal savings (11.6%), afford hospital bills (10%), acquired bicycle, motor-cycle or car (5.2%), started small business (5.2%), changed from pit latrine to lavatory (3.6%). Again, this is significant for poverty alleviation.Item Open Access Poverty eradication, wealth creation and growth in Nigeria(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-06-22) Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Ndansa, AdamuIn spite of its enormous natural resources, Nigeria is still poor because of underdeveloped economic and human resources. This paper examines the impacts of poverty eradication and wealth creation on Economic growth in Nigeria. Based on empirical study, it has been observed that poverty is epidemic and its persistence due to lack of productive resources. The Nigerian case reveals that the major constraint to improving the standard of living of the poor is access to finance. This has restricted their adequate participation in economic activities which could improve citizen’s lives. For this study, ourtheoretical a priori expectation is that provision of microfinance services and population has direct impact on GDP. A regression analysis was enq 7. >y to carry out the test on the relationship between poverty eradication as well as wealth creation and the selected variables Findings of the study revealed that there is positive and significant relationship between microfinance credit, populations and poverty reduction in Nigeria. We recommends that government should enhance the provision of a sustained micro-credit scheme to assist the poor in to access credit facilities for startups and credit wealth in the community, effective and efficient Anti-corruption agencies in the country to strengthened or handle cases of mismanagement or misappropriation of funds meant for poverty eradication programs, government should create special centers specifically with responsibilities of assisting individuals, or groups to develop skills, knowledge and new venture management that will create wealthforthem, Poor should be allow to participate in poverty rela ted policy decisions, there is also need to inculcate an entrepreneurial mindset in our youths most especially in our schools for example primary to tertiary institutions, government must make deliberate efforts for paradigm shift from status quo of dolling out of money to the poor for adoption of wealth creation strategies and support SMEs in Nigeria.Item Open Access THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON NON OIL EXPORTS IN NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-07-05) Henry, Ahmed EggonThe paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on non oil exports in Nigeria. We used a multiple regression model to analyse the data. The result reveals that exchange rate is significant determinant of non oil goods export. The result of the study suggests the imperative for Nigeria to embark on comprehensive trade liberalization policies in order to accelerate and sustain economic growth. The paper recommends that there is need to revive and rebuild the production sector of the economy to achieve higher capacity utilization by providing sectors with appropriate incentives needed for infrastructural developmentItem Open Access THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM SMES(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-12-21) Henry, Ahmed Eggon; David, Abimiku AuduThis paper investigates the evolution and current development of principles and practice of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It also examines the impact of entrepreneurship in fostering economic growth for sustainable development of local government. The methodology adopted was the narrative textual case study (NTCS) method, which is preferred because of the absence of real time data related to entrepreneurship and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. However, desk reviewed were also carry out. We found that Nigeria’s economy has continued to decline over the last quarter- with the real GDP growth rate hovering around - 0.5% as at second quarter 2017. It was also found that entrepreneurship can enhance economic growth and development primarily by generating employment and foster the growth of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. We recommend that there should be proper policy coordination and policy stability; reforms in the educational curriculum to prepare students for self-reliance; and fixing the power sector-Nigeria’s basic infrastructure. When we have flourishing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), gainful employment will be created, wealth created will be distributed evenly and economy is developed.Item Open Access THE NEXUS BETWEEN EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1980-2010)(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-12-23) Henry, Ahmed EggonThe study> focused on the relationship between exports and economic growths in Nigeria between 1980-2010. The study utilized co-integration analysis to determine the impact of macro-economic shocks in Nigerian economy. The result revealed that an increase in exports can stimulate demand which lead to increase in output. The residt also demonstrates positive relationship between export, foreign exchange and GDP. The study recommends that the government should put in place effective economic policies and measures that will ensure growth of the GDP. These policies include: export promotion should be used effectively to build export capacity in order to increase the economic growth. The government should take urgent steps to boast the non-oil sector so that it will enhance economic growth of the nation.Item Open Access RURAL-URBAN DIFFERNTIALS IN PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-04-30) Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Sabo, Ajidani MosesThe paper deals with rural-urban differentials in prices of agricultural commodities in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. It highlighted some determinants of rural-urban differentials in prices of agricultural goods in the state. Two-stage dummy variable regression models were used to measure the levels of inequality between rural areas and urban areas. It was found that the mean price of agricultural commodities in the urban centers is greater than that of the rural areas. The paper observes that inadequate demand in the rural areas and excess demand in the urban centers are some of the factors which have accounted for the differences. Other factors include inadequate infrastructural facilities in the rural areas, inadequate income earning opportunities in the rural and over population in the urban centers. Thus, it is recommended that government should provide modern storage facilities to encourage farmers to store their farm produce to guarantee price stability.Item Open Access IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR'S OUTPUT IN NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-09-14) Anzaku, E.D.; Henry, Ahmed EggonThe need to correct the structural imbalances in Nigeria is agricultural sector and put the economy on the path to growth. This raises*a question of what monetary policy adopt in order to develop the agricultural sector. The broad objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness ofmonetaiy policy in promoting agricultural development in Nigeria. The data sourced from CBN statistical Bulletin and National Bureau for statistics. The relevant variables includes: lending rate commercial bank's loan and advanced to agriculture, exchange rate, inflation rate, government expenditure on agriculture and consumer's price index. The method of analysis is ordinary least squares (OLS) using e-view. The result shows that monetary policy has a great role in influencing agricultural productivity in the country. The monetary policy has not recorded significant progress in terms ofproviding enabling environment for better performance. It is therefore recommended that government should coordinate both fiscal and monetary policy in order to increase output in Nigeria. The government should also give concessional credit to small and medium scale farmers to boost agricultural output in Nigeria. wereItem Open Access Teacher Turnover in-Primary Schools: An Assessment of Promotion Factor(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-12-20) Umar, Mallam Abdulkarim; Henry, Ahmed Eggon; Adamu, NdanusaThis study assessed the extent to which irregular promotion influence teachers' turnover in Dawakin-kudu and Tarauni LGEAs. The instruments used for the primary data were administration of questionnaires and ■interviews. 297 responses from the questionnaires were used; interviews were also conducted on 20 members of the LGEAs' management and SUBEB head quarter. The secondary sources of data used in this study include publications such as annual reports, journals, conference papers, gazettes, circulars, unpublished dissertations as well as internet data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in presenting and analyzing the data for the study. The study found a significant relationship between promotion and teachers ’ turnover. The study recommends that a concerted effort should be made by the LGEAs to ensure regular promotion for its teachers to dissuade teachers’ turnover.Item Open Access EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF SOLID MINERALS EXPLOITATION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-02-06) Uger, Francis Iorbee; Darlington, Anzaku Elias; Henry, Ahmed EggonThe study on evaluating the impact of solid minerals exploitation on economic development of Nasarawa State examined the relationship between solid minerals exploitation and economic development of Nasarawa State. The State is though endowed with abundant solid mineral resources yet it has been confronted with challenges of poverty, low income generation, access to employment, modern housing, improved sanitary environment, basic healthcare facilities and per calorie intake. The study adopts purposive research design with the use of primary data, applying questionnaires instruments. The study population comprises 340 mining sites across the State and a sample size of 184 respondents. The study adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches in analyzing the questionnaires, which are coded and transformed into numeral values to enable for quantitative analysis. The methodology of the study is Box-Jenkins’ Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (AR1MA), with the application of Stepwise forward selection technique using their p-values and B-coefficients. The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant relationship between exploitation of solid minerals and economic development in Nasarawa State. The study concludes that solid minerals sector has potentials to impact on economic development of Nasarawa State, through generation and employment. Finally, the study recommends massive investment in the solid minerals sector in areas of research in extractive technologies and increase in internal revenue collection to finance economic development programmes of the State.Item Open Access EFFECT OF CUSTOMER AGGRESSION AND JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’ BURNOUT: A STUDY OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE GUSAU, ZAMFARA STATE-NIGERIA(Department of Economics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-04-29) Yusuf, Abdulrahim Otori; Adamu, Ndansa; Henry, Ahmed EggonAmong susceptible occupations, health care professionals have been identified as the group most likely to experience burnout. Past studies have identified stress and customer aggression as possible determinants of employees ’ burnout and results produced mixed findings. Hence, the current study examines the effect of customer aggression and job stress on employees ’ burnout among health professionals in the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. A survey research design was used and data were collected by using instruments adapted from past studies. The study population is 466 staff of FMC, Gusau. A sample size of 211 staff were taken using Krajcie and Morgan sample size table. In order to increase representative, the sample size was increased by 50 percent making 317 elements. Thus, 317 questionnaires were distributed by hand to the respondents in November, 2017 and only 278 were returned valid and usable. The study utilized partial least square structural equation modelling PLS-SEM through Smartpls 3 software. Two hypotheses were formulated for testing. The result confirmed that both customer aggression and job stress have significant positive effect on employees' burnout among health professionals in FMC, Gusau. The research concludes that stress at work and customer verbal aggression affect burnout among health professionals in FMC. The study therefore recommended that management of FMC provides effective actions and intervention strategies for promoting customer relationship management, physical mental health of workers and decreasing job stress among health professionals.