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Open Access
Variation of Solar Radiation in Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-06-05) Mamman, Adah; Ibrahim, Umar; Dauda, Samson Yusuf; Mustapha, Mohammed Yusuf; Paul, Bartholomew
One of the major environmental problem is the long-term changes in the Earth’s climate. In this study, the variation of solar radiation for Akwanga zone, Nasarawa State, Nigeria were determined. Twelve locations were carefully selected where there is no sunshine and wind obstruction. Three 12V, 5W Solar panels (poly) were used and a three-hour daily measurement interval (12.00 pm to 3.00 pm) was made using the Secondary Standard Pyranometer placed on the top of the panels. Angstrom-Prescott Regression Equation was used to estimate the output. The continuity in the assembled system was measured using an Avometer. The result revealed that the highest monthly average daily global solar radiation was observed in the month of April (25.2 MJ/m2) followed by June (22.94 MJ/m2), and march (22.42 MJ/m2), while the lowest was observed in the month of August (12.04 MJ/m2) followed by July (13.57 MJ/m2), and September (14.26 MJ/m2) in the locations selected. The solar radiation intensity was found to range from 156.44 W/m2 to 293.84 W/m2 with the mean value of 220.04 W/m2. The highest total global solar radiation value of 25.2MJ/m2 was observed in April while the lowest value of 12.04 MJ/m2 was observed in October. The extraterrestrial solar radiation were found to range from 16.72 MJ/m2 in March to 29.90 MJ/m2 in April with average value of 22.89MJ/m2. The atmospheric transmission coefficient over the year is found to range from 0.5 in July and October to 1.3 in June and October. The investigation reveal that there is bright sun shine in the study area which confirms high atmospheric transmission coefficient or clearness index throughout the year in this study.
Open Access
Global Solar Irradiance over Keffi Town and its Environs, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-06-01) Mamman, Andah; Ibrahim, Umar; Dauda, Samson Yusuf; Musa, Bilya Abubakar; Ma'aji, U.M.
The need to model energy generation has been on the increased, because of the rising needs of the power for use by large and small scale users. In this study, the assessment of global solar irradiance over Keffi and its environs, Nasarawa State, Nigeria was determined. A simple random sampling technique was used to select twelve locations in Keffi and its environs, Nasarawa State Nigeria for the measurement of global solar irradiance. Three 12V, 5W solar panels were used and a measurement interval of three hour daily (12.00pm to 3.00pm) was made using the Secondary Standard Pyranometer placed on the top of the panels. The continuity in the assembled system was measured using an Avometer. A model based on Angstrom-Prescott Regression Equation: �� = ��0 [�� + �� ( �� )]was developed to calculate the solar irradiance for Keffi and its environs. The regression constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ were obtained to be 0.58 and 0.002 respectively by simple arithmetic. The highest value of the measured monthly average daily global solar radiation value was observed in the month of February (26.07 MJ/m2) while the lowest value was observed in the month of August (12.63 MJ/m2) with an average value of 19.24 MJ/m2. The extraterrestrial solar radiation was found to range from 24.43 MJ/m2 in December to 53.60 MJ/m2 MJ/m2 in February with average value of 37.97MJ/m2. The developed model can be used to predict solar radiation in Keffi and its environs, Nasarawa State
Open Access
ELECTRIC DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN JOS METROPOLIS: IMPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVIES.
(Department of Physics Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-01-01) Dongurum, C.K.; Zungkat, D. M.; Damina, A.; Jambol, R.
Open Access
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Swampy Agricultural Soils in Nasarawa West, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-12-01) Ibrahim, Umar; Abubakar, Aisha Kana; Abdullahi, Abbas Auta; Mustapha, Mohammed Idris; Abdullahi, Mundi Abubakar
In this study, the health risk caused by heavy metals in swampy agricultural soil of Nasarawa west was assessed. A total of 50 soil samples from five local government of Nasarawa west (10 from each) were collected and analyzed for Asernic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nikel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) present in the samples using XRF Spectrometry at Center for Energy Research and Development (CERD) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile lfe. Osun State, Nigeria. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were then used to calculate the health risk for adults and children. The result show that the concentrations are in the order of Ni> Cd> Zn>Pb>As which are all below the permissible level except for As which appear to be higher than the permissible levels. The Hazard Index (HI) of all the pathways for adults and children were found to be 1.55 and 12.19 respectively. These values are greater than 1 which is the tolerance level for both adults and children. These makes non- carcinogenic effects significant to the adult’s population and pose serious non- carcinogenic effect on children in those areas. The carcinogenic risk values were found to be both higher than acceptable values. This implies that there is a probability that 1 adult in about 10,000 may be affected.
Open Access
ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS OF THIOSULFATE ION AND DIAQUOTETRAKIS (2,2’- BIPYRIDINE) - µ - OXODIRUTHENIUM(III) ION IN AQUEOUS PERCHLORIC ACID
(Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2015-01-05) Mohammed, Y.; Idris, S.O.; Iyun, J.F.
Kinetics and mechanism of the electron transfer reactions of thiosulfate ions and diaquotetrakis (2,2’- bipyridine) - µ - oxodiruthenium(III) ion, [(H2O)2(bpy)4Ru2O]4+, has been studied in perchloric acid at a temperature, T = 31.0 ± 1°C, ionic strength, I = 0.5 mol dm-3 (NaClO4) and hydrogen ion concentration, [H+] = 5.0 x 10–2 mol dm-3. The reaction showed a stoichiometry of 1:2 ([(H2O)2(bpy)4Ru2O]4+: S2O32–), first order dependence with respect to [(H2O)2(bpy)4Ru2O]4+] and [S2O32–], second order overall. Increase in [H+] affected the rate of reaction directly while increase of the ionic strength affected the rates of the reaction adversely. The rate equation for the reaction has been proposed as: –d[[(H2O)2Ru2O4+]/ dt = (a+b[H+])[[(H2O)2Ru2O4+][S2O32–].Added anions and cations altered the rates of the reaction. Based on the lack of evidence of the formation of intermediate complex (from absence of intercept in the Michaelis-Menten plot and lack of shift in λmax of the reaction mixture 1 minute after start of reaction from that of the dimer) and observable added ion catalysis, it is proposed that the reaction most probably proceeded through the outer sphere mechanism. A plausible mechanism is proposed.
Open Access
pectral Analysis of Aeromagnetic Data over Some Parts of Central Benue Trough, Nigeria
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2019-03-28) Ibiene, I.E.; Ofoegbu, Charles O.; Anyanninuola, O.S.; Uko, Etim D.
The spectral analysis of the magnetic anomalies over some part of Central Benue Trough, Nigeria, has been carried out in order to determine the magnetic source depths and the variability of basement structures. The aeromagnetic maps of the study area was digitized at two kilometer (2km) intervals and were subjected to multi-regression-least-squares analysis in order to obtain the residual field values. Two- dimensional (2-D) spectral analyses were then carried out to determine the average magnetic source depths. The results of the analysis reveal that the thickness of the sedimentary cover in the area varies between 1.25km and 5.60km; and 0.13km and 1.53km for deeper and shallower sources respectively. The results of this study are indicative of the basement overlain being irregular in shape and is associated with faulted structures
Open Access
Subsurface Structures of Onshore Fuba Field, Niger-Delta, Niger
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2020-10-10) Ochoma, U.; Uko, E.D.; Anyanninuola, O.S.
The subsurface structural features of the Fuba Field Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria using Well-log and 3D Seismic data are here presented. Well-to-Seismic ties, faults and horizon mapping, time-surface generation, velocity modelling and depth conversion were carried out using Petrel software. The structural interpretation of seismic data reveal highly synthetic and antithetic faults which are in line with faults trends identified in the Niger Delta. Of the 29 interpreted faults, only synthetic and antithetic faults are regional, running from the top to bottom across the field. These faults play significant roles in trap formation at the upper, middle and lower sections of the field. Two distinct horizons were mapped. Fault and horizon interpretation reveal closures which are collapsed creatal structures bounded by these two major faults. The depth structure maps reveal anticlinal faults. Reservoirs are found at a shallower depth from 6500 to 7500 ft and at a deeper depth ranging from 11500 to 13000ft. The depth residual maps reveal higher residuals associated with the eastern and western regions which are areas not penetrated by any well. The synthetic and antithetic faults act as good traps for the hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area. In reservoirs, hydrocarbons were encountered by all seven wells drilled in the field.
Open Access
Identification of Medical and Industrial Used Radioisotopes in Min- ing Sites of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-11-11) Usman, Ridwan; Umar, Ibrahim; Samson, Dauda Yusuf; Idris, Mustapha Muhammad; Emmanuel, Ifeanyi Ugwu; Anyanninuola, O.S.
This research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in Nasarawa of Nasarawa state using thermos-scientific interceptor (IdentiFINDER). The work aimed at detecting the presence, types and trust level of radioisotopes. The result showed that, 103Pd and 125I were found in 57% of the total points and the percentage abundance of the detector reached 50-65% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 109Cd was found in 15% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 109Cd shows 50% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be found in the area, 241Am was found in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 241Am shows 81% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 235U was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 235U reaches 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 75Se was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 75Se was in abundance up to 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely gotten in the area and 57Co was gotten in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 57Co was 54% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be gotten in the area. Based on this high percentage abundance of the detector for these radioisotopes, they can be harnessed and applied appropriately in medicine
Open Access
Estimation of The Structural Pattern and Sedimentary Thickness Over Part Of Anambra Basin, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2021-02-02) Ikiola, Priscilla E.; Ofoegbu, Charles O.; Uko, Etim D.; Anyanninuola, O.S.
Aeromagnetic data acquired over part of the Anambra Basin is analyzed to determine the structural pattern and sedimentary thickness of the basin. The study area is covered by high resolution aeromagnetic data on sheets 301 (Udi), 302 (Nkalagu), 312 (Okigwe) and 313 (Afikpo), and lies between latitudes 5o30'0''-6o30'0'' and longitudes 7o0'0"-8o0'0". The whole area was divided into 25 overlapping blocks of 37.2km2 each and a 2D energy spectral analysis was carried out. Total magnetic intensity data was subjected to filtering and analytical techniques to determine the structural pattern, mineralization potential, depth to the basement, variation in the sedimentary thickness. The structural map generated using the vertical derivatives shows that the major structural orientation of the area is in the ENE-WSW trend and the minor trend is the NW to SE direction widespread all over the area. These structures are as a result of the various near-surface magnetic intrusion within the study area. The spectral analysis result shows two depth layers, the deep and the shallow depth, the depth to magnetic basement for the deep anomalous source ranges from 3.3km to 4.84km with an average depth of 3.99km, while the depth to shallow magnetic sources ranges between 0.46km to 0.67km and an average of 0.56km within the area. The mineralization pattern in this area follows the ENE-WSW direction.
Open Access
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE FOR LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE OF NIGERIA
(Department of Physics,Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2015-09-26) Yohanna, Kuje J.; Ode, S.; Gontu, Agandu J.; Gdkus, Ishaku J.; Waktooda, Nenchin G.
An empirical mathematical model for estimating the total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for Lafia. Nasarawa State of Nigeria (Lat S.S'N and long. S.5"E) was developed using the Angstrom - page equation. The model was developed from total solar irradiance. ambient air temperature, hours of bright sunshine and cloudiness measured hourly from 0600H to 180011 Jor 3 years for the months of January, 2009 to December, 2011. The measurements were carried out at the meteorological unit of College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nigeria. The coefficients a and ‘b of the Angstrom-page linear type equation were determined by plotting the clearness index (—) against the fractional possible sunshine hours to obtain the line of best fit. The intercept of the line on the y-axis is the coefficient 'a ’ while the slope of this line is the coefficient The determined model for measuring total horizontal solar irradiance at Lafia location was ~ = 0.28 + 0.33 (^); with a coefficient of correlation of 0.50. The mean bias difference and root mean square difference used to test the performance of 'a' and ‘b' were 0.6S7o and 1.13% respectively. The developed model is therefore recommended to be used for estimating the total solar irradiance for Lafia location.
Open Access
Assessment of Underground Water Potential in Ninga, Akwanga West Development Area, North Central, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-12-12) Ayanninuola, O.S.; Abdullahi, N.K.; Loko, A.Z.; Isah, S.H.; Ogwola, P.
Ninga area of Akwanga Development Area, North central Nigeria was investigated for the evaluation of groundwater potential. The area is underlain by the Basement Complex of the North-Central Nigeria. Twelve Vertical Electrical Sounding points were identified in the study area using Omega Resistivity Terameter, GPS12Garmix with cable spread of AB/2=160m. Schlumberger electrode configuration was employed. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data acquired were interpreted into a model curve using IX1D. From this interpretation three (3) different curve types were obtained from the acquired data. They are QH, QA and H. QH type is the dominant type of the curve obtained. It was observed that the aquifer depth range between 8m-46m, basement resistivity 700 Ωm -3700Ωm, depth to basement 16- 56m, aquifer thickness 4m – 31m and aquifer resistivity 150 Ωm -600Ωm. The groundwater potential varies in the study area, VES 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,10, 11, and 12 are viable locations for groundwater exploration, with true aquifer resistivity values range from 150-600Ωm. Keywords: Aquifer, Basement Complex, Electrical Resistivity, Vertical Electrical Sounding,
Open Access
VELOCITY LAYERING IN THE MIDDLE BENUE TROUGH NIGERIA USING SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2022-01-01) Abdullateef, Abidemi H.; Uko, Etim D.; Ayanninuola, O.S.
Seismic refraction data was acquired in the Middle Benue Trough which is located in the north central Nigeria with latitude 07.5-08.5oN and longitude 08.00-09.30oE. The aim was to find out how velocity vary in the near- surface layers in the area using seismic refraction data. The seismic survey was investigated at 14 acquisition stations. Two overlapping reversed profiles were shot into 14 stations. Each acquisition station was primed with 0.20kg dynamite loaded at 1.5m below the surface. The recording equipment was McSeis-160MXTM, and monitor record was processed with Microsoft Excel software to determine the velocities from both the forward and reversed shot-points. The results show two distinct layers cases. The thickness of the topmost layer varies between 2.75m and 5.45m with a mean of 4.1m. The velocity of this topmost layer varies between 399.0 ms-1 and 767.0ms-1 with a mean of 604.8ms-1. The velocity of the underlying layer (V1) varies between 1212.5ms-1 and 3257.0ms-1 with a mean of 1757.9ms-1. The velocity increases with depth into the subsurface. The results are useful in locating groundwater aquifer, and in the design of source-receiver arrays for reflection seismic.
Open Access
Effects of Near-Surface Air Temperature on Sub-Surface Geothermal Gradient and Heat Flow in Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2021-04-01) Tyor, Andrew A.; Uko, Etim D.; Anyanninuola, O.S.; Onengiyeofori, A.
A study of the effect of near-surface temperature on fields of subsurface geothermal gradient and heat flow has been carried out in the Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria, using corrected Bottom-Hole Temperatures (BHTc) lithologic-log data from 9 oil wells. The geothermal gradient using only BHTs ranges from 15.9oCkm-1 to 38.2oCkm-1 with an average of 26.9+/-3.5oCkm-1, while that computed with mean annual temperature and BHTs ranges from 28.2oCkm-1 to 51.5oCkm-1with an average of 37.5+/-2.5oCkm-1. The geothermal gradient using the mean annual temperature and BHTs in the Bornu-Chad is higher than using only BHTs by 7.0oCkm-1. Heatflow ranges from a minimum of 61 mWm-2 to a maximum of 114mWm-2 with an average of 68+/-5.89mWm-2. The isotherm maps exhibit an increasing SW-NE trend. An average heat flow of 68+/-5.9mWm-2 deduced from Bornu-Chad basin is normal for a continental passive margin with age of about 100My. Geothermal gradient results show a distinct and direct relationship with nearsurface conditions. There are indications that surface heat flow is controlled by lithology, geothermal gradient and near-surface solar radiation conditions in the Bornu-Chad basin. Consequently, it is recommended that the mean surface temperature be used in geothermal gradients and heatflows estimations. The knowledge of geothermal properties is very important in the search for geothermal energy in the area of study.
Open Access
ESTIMATION OF MAGNETIC DEPTH TO SOURCE USING HIGH RESOLUTION OF AEROMAGNETIC DATA OF PARTS OF UPPER BENUE TROUGH, NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2018-06-05) Sawuta, J.M.; Anyanninuola, O.S.; Udensil, E.E.; Ogwola, P.
A detailed quantitative interpretation of high resolution aeromagnetic data covering latitude 9.0oN – 10.0oN and longitude 11.0oE – 12.0oE with a total area of 12,100km2 which corresponds to parts of upper Benue Trough (Kaltungo, Guyok, Lau and Dong) Northeast, Nigeria has been carried out using Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) and Standard Euler Deconvolution methods for the purpose of estimating the sedimentary thickness of the study area for hydrocarbon maturation or accumulation. The polynomial fitting with order one method was applied in the regional–residual separation. Further analysis was conducted on the residual map. The SPI results revealed a maximum sedimentary thickness of 4908.178m while Standard Euler Deconvolution results also revealed a depth of 4050.1 m. Therefore, the highest sedimentary thickness of the study was found around Wafango, Dong and Lau region of the study area with shallow thickness of 741.108m to 1162.154m around Biliri, Tula and Kaltungo down to Lankoviri in Southern region of the study area. Consequently, the highest sedimentary thickness of about 4908.17 m from SPI and 4050.1 m from Standard Euler deconvolution is sufficient enough for hydrocarbon maturation or accumulation. These areas with maximum sedimentary thickness may be subjected for further geophysical investigation like seismic reflection/refraction, so as to affirm its hydrocarbon potential
Open Access
Comparative analysis of the energy content of methane from cow dung manure and poultry manure
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-04-11) Yusuf, S.D.; Ibrahim, Umar; Yahaya, S.
Owing to the fact that life depends entirely on reliable and adequate supply of energy, the energy supply in Nigeria is inadequate due to limited generation of power with no improvement in sight. Her power situation affects the manufacturing, service and residential sectors of the economy which in turn affects the country’s economic growth. This study is a comparative analysis of the energy content of methane from cow dung and poultry manure using the biogas digester. Using 4g of dry samples of cow dung and poultry manure with 25ml of distilled water and 0.124g of yeast to function as a catalyst in order to facilitate the fermentation of the substrate, the biogas digester was set-up and the temperature was maintained at 40 – 560C while the gas was collected using the downward delivery method. Results shows that the average biogas production from cow dung and poultry manure were respectively (0.195dm3/day) and (0.151dm3/day). While, the percentage of methane in biogas were 18.60% cow dung and 21.36% poultry manure. Even though the poultry manure showed higher energy values in the first ten (10) days, the average energy content of methane obtained were cow dungmanure (1.195kJ/day) and poultrymanure (1.065kJ/day). However, energy content from animal waste especially cow dung can be harnessed; they can serve as alternative sources of energy that can support peak load and reduce over dependent on hydro to help boost the Nigerian economy.
Open Access
PROPOSED THERMAL MODEL OF SILICON-ON-INSULATOR (SOI) INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
(Department of physics, Nasarawa State Univesity Keffi, 2018-10-13) Loko, A.Z.; Anyanninuola, O.S.; Muhammad, S.
The Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) structure with a layer of buried silicon oxide added to isolate the device body and the silicon substrate can significantly cut down source and drain depletion capacitances and can reduce the effect of short channel. Though, the low thermal conductivity of the buried oxide (BOX) can cause local heating, changed electrical properties, altered heat flow down interconnects, and failure of thermal devices. The current thermal models that are presently used in simulation of a circuit to account for thermal effects do not accurately capture the heat flow in the devices. However, accurate models rely on large network circuits or arithmetic simulations which does not execute speedily enough for large scale integrated circuit (LSIC) simulation. The drive of this research work is to advance a method that is efficient balance between accuracy, adaptability and speed and can be used in large scale simulation. The approach will integrate efficient SOI device thermal model and communicate thermal model into integrated circuit (IC) simulation, and will offer accurate, effective and efficient electro-thermal simulation tool for large scale SOI integrated circuit structure.
Open Access
Theoretical Confirmation of Seasonal and Solar Radiation Impacts on Outdoor Atmospheric Aerosols (PM2.5, SO2 and CO) in FCT Abuja, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2015-09-01) Shehu, M.S.; Umar, Ibrahim; Adedeji, O.; Mundi, A.A.; Lawal, R.S.
Aerosols PM2.5, SO2 and CO were studied within the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria (F.C.T Abuja), the area comprises of 6 (six) councils “AMAC, Abaji, Bwari, Kuje, Kwali and Gwagwalada”. The study covered a period of one year (2017- 2018), irrespective of the seasonal variation of the study area, the impacts of aerosols on incident solar energy for the period was observed. The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) uses the atmospheric satellites (AS) data of within an altitude 6 Km from the ground level. The data came in NETCDF format, which was extracted by a specialized software called the Arc Map 10.4.1, converted and exported in DBF format which can be read by Microsoft excel. The study shows that the human population in F.C.T increased with (r= 2.6 ± 1) months per year which negatively affect the aerosol concentrations and the seasonal impact analysis conform to adiabatic process with respect to the atmospheric variables, as the concentrations were found to be higher in dry than in wet season. Also the Solar radiation impact study reveals a change within solar insolation range of 5.5-6.5 Kwh/m2/day(CO), 2.8-4.5 Kwh/m2/day (SO2) and 4.0-6.5 Kwh/m2/day (PM2.5) and a percentage decrease of 8.42 %, 29.50 %, and 2.87 % was recorded respectively. Which implies a relative impact of solar energy on aerosol (i.e. higher intensity solar energy also reduces a small fraction of the atmospheric aerosol) and vice-versa
Open Access
Assessment of Dose to Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Procedures at Selected Diagnostic Centers in Kano, Nigeria
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-09-10) Hassan, Abdullahi A.; Umar, Ibrahim; Ige, Taofeeq A.; Joseph, Dlama Z.; Aisha, A.; Rilwan, Usman
Radiation dose levels for adult most common Computed Tomography (CT) examinations namely brain, chest and abdomen CT scans were studied. Radiation dose reports, scan parameters and demographic information were surveyed for a period of three - months. Ethical approvals were obtained from the research ethics committee of Ministry of Health and the studied centers. Data were randomly collected using a simple random technique from 131 adult patients with weights 70 ± 3kg. The General Electric 8 and 16-slice and 160-slice Toshiba CT scanners were used in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0 Chicago) statistical software. The results indicated that the CTDIw and DLP values were (62.5 mGy and 2946mGy*cm), (9.9mGy and 663.3 mGy*cm) and (13.5 mGy and 1397 mGy*cm) for brain CT, chest CT and abdominal CT scans respectively. The study shows that the CTDIw values are relatively similar to those reported in established work by the European Commission. However, the DLP values are comparably higher than those of the European Commission. This revealed that there is need for robust and sustained optimization program so as to reduce patient doses without affecting diagnostic image quality.
Open Access
Head CT Dose Examination for Adult Patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-03-16) Rilwan, Umar; Onuchukwu, G.C.; Abdullahi, H.A.; Umar, Ibrahim; Sabiu, L.K.
This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for the head was assessed during seven months at the three study centres. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average-sized patients for each facility to establish a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPPSS version (20) statistical software. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 49.8 mGy and 9639 mGy. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 60mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 1050 mGy. Therefore, CT dose optimization is recommended.
Open Access
CORRELATION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PHYSICS IN DEMONSTRATION SECONDARY SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
(Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-09-26) Joseph, E.; Atadoga, M. M.
This study which was an attempt made to investigate the relationship bePveen the students’ performance in theoretical physics and practical physics scores of two hundred (200) students internal examination in Demonstration Secondary School, Ahmadu Bello University, aria, was prompted as a result of poor academic performance of students in the senior secon ary examination in physics. The student’s numbers were coded accordingly with Mf-Mn andFj- n (w ere a e student and n = the total number of male student while F = Female student andn - the total number of female student) in line with their scores in theoretical physics and practical physics. The study a descriptive of correlational type where students' results in theoretical physics and practical physics were compared. The Statistical methods used for analysis were Pearson product moment correlation coefficients and the z-test statistic. The result indicated that theoretical physics and practical physics scores were significantly related but there was no significant relationship in stu ents performance based on gender. Thus, the theory knowledge the students have certainly wi influence eir performances in the laboratory exercises. It is therefore recommended that, equa attention s ou e paid to the teaching of both theory and practical Physics because the both influence stu en s performance; Government should equally provide additional laboratory equipment to sc wo s o strengthen more the practical ability of students; and the Physics teachers should always update their knowledge from time to time to enable them know current happening in physics, through seminar, conferences and workshop among others.