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Item Open Access THE KORO-YESKWA RELATIONS: A HISTORY OF INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN THE PANDA-GITATA OF KEFFI FROM 1800 TO 1900(Department of History Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2010-03-01) Atama, Rebecca.Item Open Access WOMEN IN POLITICS IN SOURTHERN KADUNA SENATORIAL DISTRICT SINCE 1999(Department of History Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2012-04-09) Jika, Abubakar Jika.This study examines the challenges of women participation in politics in Southern Kaduna Senatorial Zone since 1999. Since 1999, when Nigeria returned to democratic rule. party politics has become dominant in the emerging democratic culture in the country. Like in most aspects of public life, women who constitute over 45% of the nation's population have been found to be relegated to the background in political development of the country. However, there appears to have been some affirmative actions on bringing more women into party politics in the fourth republic. At the level of the federal government, over 30% of public offices have been conceded to women. This success cannot be said to have been replicated at all levels of government. In some states like Kaduna, few women are found to be elected or appointed into public offices, therefore through the use multi-disciplinary approach, cjuestionnaire, observation and survey, this work was able to examine the level and extent of women political participation in Southern Kaduna Senatorial District. Both men and women were studied and the result indicated that though the level of women in politics is nothing to write home about, still women of Southern Kaduna are responding to the Global affirmative actions which encourage women to participate in politics and this has greatly enhanced the political and socio-economic development of the society. This study also generated a lot of information on the nature and scope of women in politics in Nigeria in general and Southern Kaduna in particular both before and after1999.Item Open Access THE IMPACT OF THE BRITISH COLONIAL RULE ON ALAGOLAND 1903-1960(Department of History Nasarawa State University Keffi., 2010-03-01) Obinedo, Ayuba Jibrin.The study examines the impact of the British colonial ride on Lafia Division with particular emphasis on the Alago. Colonial rule brought many changes. The problems it caused were: first all wherever colonialism was experienced a relationship of inequality was entered into between the colonizer and the colonized. In this relationship, the colonizer determined the direction and extent to which the life of the colonized (political, economic, social and cultural) should be disorganized for the benefit of the later. It also divided Alago community into Awe, Keana, Lafia and Doma Districts, and super imposed on them the Lcifia ruling class who were hitherto not the rulers, and the legacy continuous. This study aims to understand the British strategies of successfully ruling of Alago people. The objective is to academically analyze the nature and legacy of colonial rule in Lafici Division and the response of the people were: interviews, reference to written records, and observation, it was found that the colonial rule had both negative and positive impacts. Negatively the Alago earlier single community came to be divided and subordinated to Lafia and its people exploited through farming of cash crops, taxes and faired labour. Positively there was boosting of economy and had the area linked with roads and railway, and later telegrams, post offices, schools and dispensaries. It is recommended that the present LGAs should maintain and expand the infrastructures, and the Alago should have fair representations.Item Open Access THE AGATU AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS IN THE 20TH CENTURY: A STUDY IN INTER-GROUP RELATIONS(Department of history,nassarawa state university,keffi., 2015-05-07) Ososhepoh Solomon, EbuThere is problem of many conflicts among the people in recent times, there are problems of non-cooperation among groups. This study examined the nature of the inter-group relations amongst the Agatu and their neighbours in the 20th century, namely: The Afo, Alago, Eggon and Tiv. All human societies have been characterized by cleavages and differences within their economic, political and social systems. These cleavages and conflicts of interest sometimes have led to the emergence of groups for the furtherance of sectional interest and ideas. These relations of conflict and competition threaten not only group harmony but also inter-group cohesion. Inter-group relation is the nature of relationship between two or more groups such groups could be ethnic, religious, gender or social class groups. The relationship can be cordial or hostile, cooperation or competition, dominance or subordination between two or more groups. The research examines the nature of relations that flourished between the Agatu and her immediate neighbours in the 20th centuiy. The study took cognizance of the pre-colonial relations among the groups with emphasis on political, economic social and diplomatic interaction that existed among the groups. It discussed in details how the colonial period affected and at the same time promote their relations. Consequently the pattern of relations changed in the post colonial era due to the political development that negatively affected and as well promoted their relations. The dynamics, inter-generational, inter-faith, inter-ethnic, sports and joking aspect of these groups were ascertained. Lastly the research proved that no Nigerian groups or community can live in isolation, but rather depend on one another for survival. In the course of their interaction, they maintain cordial relation alongside conflicts. The research used secondary sources and archival materials, and as well conducted interviews to collect relevant data.Item Open Access Item Open Access Development of the Judiciary in the Colonial Plateau Province: A Study of the Lowland Division 1900 - 1960(Department of history,nassarawa state university,keffi., 2010-08-06) Emmanuel Changkwak, Jonah.This study is an examination of the development of judiciary in the Lowland Division of Plateau Province during Colonialism. It emphasizes the establishment of various Native Courts and their areas of jurisdiction, description of court room and case studies. The research also examines pre-colonial judicial practices among the groups in the division, and the extent it was affected by the colonial judiciary system. The research depended very much on oral interviews conducted among the various ethnic groups. The research also used Archival materials got from the National Archive Kaduna, and some published works. It is discovered that the colonial judicial system was very much dependent on the traditional authority and judiciary structures. Much of the traditional customs were adopted in the colonial system. The paramount chiefs were empowered by the colonial means of coercion - the courts, judges, police, Native Authority and the prisons. Colonial government was emphatic on the judiciary system in order to force people to conform, live in peace and create conducive atmosphere for colonial economy to boom. The colonial rule was partly enforced by the courts, which legacy continues. To approach the topic, the first chapter is the theoretical framework defining the study, its objectives, research questions, and literature review. Chapter two gives a historical background of the various groups in the Lowland. Chapter three analyses the pre-colonial judiciary system. Chapter four then discusses the colonial conquest and administration. Chapter five examines the colonial courts and justice. The concluding chapter is the summary and other inferences. xivItem Open Access A HISTORY OF MIGRATION AMONG THE ALAGO PEOPLE OF NASARAWA STATE i960 TO 2001(Department of history,nassarawa state university,keffi., 2008) Muhammed isa, Ozegya.Alago group belong to the famous kwararaia kingdom and have settled for many years in the upper Benue valley even before the coming of colonial people. The need to move or migrate after the colonial rule among the Alago people became imperative, this movement was necessitated because of the people desire to change their place of residence in order to have a conducive environment. Some were compelled to move because of lack of social amenities within their domain and these social amenities include electricity, water, road, hospital, schools, market for their economic activities and as well as fertile land for farming. These and many more formed the basis of this study as to why the Alago people of Nasarawa State keeps migrating even after the colonial rule, in particular between 1960-2001Item Open Access COLONIALISM AND THE CHANGING PATTERN OF MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AMONG THE AGATU PEOPLE OF THE ERSTWHILE NASARAWA PROVINCE SINCE 1914 A.D(2008-10-14) Musa danjuma, Adamu.Colonialism was effectively experienced between 1914 and 1960 in Nigeria beginning with Lord F. Lugard through some agents like traditional rulers, Christian missionaries, mosques, churches, schools, among others. The precolonial customs of marriage that was predicated on the principle and practice of abstinence from pre-marital sex and test of virginity of the bride after marriage changed during colonial and post-colonial times. According to Adewale Thompson, it is unfortunate that the traditional custom described above has been ridiculed by the colonial or foreign contacts. Today's emphasis has been on the test for pregnancy. HIV/AIDS before wedding instead of virginity as was the practice among the Agatu in the pre-colonial era. The aim was to deter their young girls from the rampant cases of sexual promiscuity ravaging their society Positive aspects of colonialism such as the today. evolution of modem government, schools, mode of dressing, change in taste, new marriage systems, good roads, media houses, etcetera apart, the majority view today is that its negative consequences' speak volumes in many aspects. Their pre-colonial customs of marriage was the panacea and should continue to be the panacea to the present cultures inherited from the foreign contacts. We can only correct the abnormal changes if we go back to the drawing board and that is - preaching and practicing the pre-colonial marriage customs in the erstwhile Nasarawa Province.Item Open Access HISTORY OF MIGRATIONS AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN LAFIA AREA FROM 1200 TO 1960(DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2019-11-25) Akwe, Musa AgbaduThe thesis is on the migrations and peopling of Lafia Area. Lafia Area is made up of a number of peoples whose traditions indicate various periods of migrations into the area. The research work therefore tried to chronicle these peoples migrations into the area. The purpose is to have a concise document as to the migrations of these peoples into the area, the reasons for their migrations from their original homes into Lafia Area, the nature of intergroup relations that arose there from and their settlement patterns. The scope of the study therefore is from the pre-colonial to the colonial period. Using the probability sample of the population archival material; books, pamphlets, it was discovered that within this period there were different stages of migration into Lafia Area including pre-colonial migration into Lafia Area which was mainly though not solely from Kwararrafa zone, the Jihad period and the colonial period. It was also discovered that these peoples developed different settlement patterns and forms of intergroup relations between them. The study concluded that the peopling of the area was mainly a product of immigration and that the migrations into Lafia Area within the Jihad and colonial periods each affected the settlement patterns and inter group relations of the area in its way. While in the Jihad period it led to increased hostilities amongst the peoples and the invaders, building of city walls, changes in economic activities, modes of marriage and enforcing Islam as a religion, the colonialists come with new migrants like Igbo and Yoruba, establishment of schools thereby producing class of educated elites, new form of marriage among others. xvItem Open Access IMPACT OF URBANIZATION IN AKWANGA TOWN AND NASSARAWA EGGON TOWN, NASARAWA STATE FROM 1980-2015.(Department of History, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-03-17) Ajegena, John MichealThis study amalyses the nature and impact of modern urbanization in the twin towns of Akwanga and Nassarawa Eggon between 1980- 2016. Akwanga and N/ Eggon are some of Nasarawa Stateās major towns that have been experiencing rapid urbanization; Akwanga was expanding at estimated rate of 5% per annual on the average since its founding by the British in 1928. The process of urbanization engulfed and transformed the way of life of the indigenous population and environ. This study examines the impact of urbanization and its correlates on the socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects of life of the indigenes. The problems are that the indigenes have remained poor, and there were inherent consequences. Physically, there was development in the areas of infrastructures and improvement in aesthetics. There were cases of increase in crime, destruction of tradition livelihoods, and erosion of cultural values, among others. The study found that urbanization has indeed had both positive and negative impacts. However, Akwanga was growing faster due to it being at crossroads. The methods of carrying out the study were interviews and the consultation of secondary sources. It could be recommended that there should be more citing of industries and infrastructure in the two towns, in order to boost the economy, improve the livelihood of the inhabitants and the urban poor.Item Open Access A HISTORY OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION IN NIGERIATHE CASE OF EPIE-ATISSA 1975-2012(Department of history,nassarawa state university,keffi., 2014-04-01) Jack, Spero.; Ukalizibe, Margaret.The importance of crude oil to the Nigerian economy cannot be overemphasized. However, very little is known or heard of the smaller communities in the oil producing areas, most often subsumed under the larger name, the Niger Delta. However, many became known only recently, between 1990-2012, when there were vocal complaints and agitations over environmental pollution of the land, air and water. This situation became a recurrent decimal in the Niger Delta region of which Epie-Atissa is part. The Epie-Atissa communities have 29 communities in total. Six are oil producing, while others have petroleum pipelines that transverse through them to flow stations. In Epie-Atissa communities the exploration, production and transportation of crude oil for export started since the 1970s. Information from both primary and secondary sources were juxtaposed and analyzed in order to present a coherent account of oil exploration and production in Epie- Atissa land. The study was conducted to determine oil exploration, production, and its effects on the Epie-Atissa area of Yenagoa Local Government; and to provide information to further enrich studies on the economic history of the Epie-Atissa communities. The historical findings of the study showed how the people in this area lived before and after the discovery, exploration, production and transportation of crude oil, especially, the changes that have taken place in their environment, as well as the political, economic and social transformations. The study concludes that underdevelopment of the areas led to complaints and agitations which caused the oil company Shell to initiate the GMOU which involved the communities in making choice of projects to be cited in their areas as well as contracting the projects out for execution. The study recommends that: (1) the oil Company, SPDC should be made to keep to international environmental standards as practiced in other parts of the world; (2) that the federal government through the state and local governments should provide an employment scheme set out to engage youths who are mostly affected by poverty resulting from the degradation of the land and environment; and the dislocation of their economic activities in order to forestall youth restiveness and militancy.