Department of Environmental Management

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Open Access
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF RURAL COMMUNITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ALONG THE GONGOLA RIVER IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Yakubu, Dan; Kim, Idoma
This study was carried out to examine rural communities' adaptation strategies to climate change along the Gongola River in North-Eastern Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Interview schedule was adopted in the collection of information from the sampled respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. The result revealed that the household heads perceived changes in climate in the study area as increase in temperature, reduction in the amount of rainfall and longer dry and shorter wet seasons. Additionally, 33% of the farmers perceived the effects of climate change as decline in crop yields, 16% observed low volume of water along the river and 32% detected more pests and diseases affecting crops. Consequently, more of fadama farming along River Gongola (69%) increase in non-farm activities (73%), more use of improved seeds (13%) and herbicides (15%) were strategies adopted to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, low awareness and education on climate change (18%), poor access to credit facilities (26%), inadequate finance (33%) and longer period of fodder scarcity (27%) were identified as main barriers to the adaptation strategies in the study area. The correlation result revealed that family size and occupation of respondents were significant factors influencing adaptation decisions.Therefore, carefully targeted programmes on awareness creation on climate change, intensive adult education, dissemination of indigenous early warning information and improved frequencies of agricultural extension sendees among others are crucial to moderate the negative impacts of climate in the study area.
Open Access
AN ANALYSIS OF ARTERIAL ROADS AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTY VALUES IN F.C.T. ABUJA
(Department of Evironmental Resource Management, Nasarawa State University, keffi., 2018-09-03) Michael, Durujaye O.
The study examined the arterial road network and values of commercial properties in Abuja metropolis. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey technique to describe each of the many variables that are necessary for the study. It was discovered that ' commercial users displaced residential users, causing sites to be at highest and best with concomitant increases in. the values of commercial properties as well as accessibility within the road network is affected by the compact nature of various routes that sometimes impede volume of traffic. The study found that high rental value shows direct relationship with demand for commercial properties in the study area and was not unexpected as the central part of urban areas offer advantages of agglomeration of commercial activities. Based on the findings the following recommendations are made; when carrying out feasibility and viability appraisal, attention must be given to the issue of accessibility and road network. Road network analysis must be given due consideration as part of appraisal report when forming valuation opinion and accessibility assessed quantitatively rather than relying on intuition. It suffices to emphasize that Environmental experts and Valuers must consider road network. which actually delivers greater accessibility, as major, issue in valuation of commercial properties in the study area for their opinion of value to be reliable. The study found that most Environmental managers and Valuers rely on intuition in deciding the relative accessibility of arterial roads. Environmental managers and Valuers cannot afford to continue providing inadequate professional advice that is based on mere intuition. This is because investors in commercial properties require professional opinions on locations that will make such investment viable. The analysis showed individual levels of accessibility of the arterial roads in the study area, thereby giving developers and investors the choice of alternative sites along the roads. Government should increase its finding of road improvements including the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of the arterial road network. Arterial road network actually delivers location attributes, accessibility, and enhances demand, supply, quality of roads, and connectivity elements. uses
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE PATTERNS ON CROP PRODUCTION IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-08-08) Anzaku, I.M.; Alkali, Mohammed; Buba, Samaila; Usman, Salihu Lay
This study assessed rainfall and temperature pattern in Nasarawa State. The objective of the study was to determine the rainfall and temperature pattern suitable for agriculmral production in Nasarawa State and also assess the rainfall and temperature trend in the study area. Data were collected for a period of 15years from the National Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlations and linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed an increase in maximum and minimum temperature at 0.168°C and 0.413°C respectively, coupled with unreliable rainfall of0.079 over the investigated period (2001 - 2015), while the standardized coefficient Beta was 0.075. Maximum temperature had a weak (0.168) positively significant relationship for the investigated period under study, minimum temperature had a weak (0.413) positive significant relationship which is more advisable and rainfall had the weakest (0.079) positive significant relationship and it cannot be held responsible for higher crop yield, except joined with other factors like soil fertility, soil moisture, soil PH and so on for the 15 years period. Tt was recommended that crops like eguisy should be planted in the month of February due to enough heat absorption so it could rapidly grow when the first or early months of rains start, and that Agricultural Extension Officers should be deployed to guide farmers through routine visits, sensitization programs on variability in rainfall and temperature characteristics, use of farm inputs and monitoring of crop-climate relationships in the area in order to achieve improved crop yield.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER QUALITY ON DIFFERENT ROOFING SYSTEMS IN KUBWA DISTRICT, ABUJA, NIGERIA.
(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Alkali, Mohammed; Jibrin, Ahmadu
This study analysed the quality of rainwater on different roofing systems for domestic use in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. The study compared harvested rainwater quality of three (3) roof types, corrugated iron roofing (Zinc), Aluminium roofing and Asbestos roofing systems. The result shows that most of the physiochemical characteristics of rainwater were generally within the WHO threshold considered safe for domestic water use. However, some of the parameters such as iron, lead and cadmium were above the WHO standard for drinking water. Corrugated iron roofing system yielded a high concentration in iron, lead and cadmium. Asbestos roofing system yielded a higher concentration of iron and lead. Aluminium roofing system also yielded a high concentration of iron and lead. The results of the three (30 roofing systems showed that rainwater does not meet the required standard of WHO for drinking. The study therefore recommended that harvested rainwater in the stiudy area should not be used for the purpose of drinking as it is likely to pose danger to the health of mankind but could be used for other domestic uses.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF URBAN GROWTH USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES IN KABONG, JOS NORTH LG A, PLATEAU STATE.
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Alkali, Mohammed; Anzaku, I.M.; Lay, Usman S.; Maren, M.S.
This research work examine the analysis of urban growth using remote sensing and GIS Techniques in Kabong, Jos North L. G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from the primary and secondary data source. The finding of the study revealed that the most substantial change was the transformation of vacant barren land and rock outcrop to imperious built-up areas. Classification results shows the built up cover increased from 24462(9.8) in 1998 to 552.69 Ha922.2%) in 2008 to 2018 to 1071.27Km2 (143.18). results present that among the changes in Kabong increase in built up area from 9% to 43.18% and decreased off bare surface and vacant land had serious changes on the landscape as presented on the maps, the main changes of land use in these areas can be described as other type of land use covering into urban land, it is recommended that proper monitoring of the pattern and rate of urban expansion should be adhere strictly so as to achieve sustainable urban development.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF URBAN GROWTH USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES IN KABONG, JOS NORTH LGA, PLATEAU STATE.
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-01-06) Alkali, Mohammed; Anzaku, I.M.; Umar, Garba; Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Maren, M.S.
This research work examine the analysis of urban growth using remote sensing and GIS Techniques in Kabong, Jos North L.G.A, Platue State, Nigeria . Data for the study were sourced from the primary and secondary data source. The finding of the study revealed that the most substantial change was the transformation of vacant barren land and rock outcrop to imperious built-up areas. Classification results shows the built up cover increased from 24462(9.8) in 1998 to 552.69 Ha922.2%) in 2008 to 2018 to 1071.27Km2 (143.18). results present that among the changes in Kabong increase in built up area from 9% to 43.18% and decreased off bare surface and vacant land had serious changes on the landscape as presented on the maps, the main changes of land use in these areas can be described as other type of land use covering into urban land, it is recommended that proper monitoring of the pattern and rate of urban expansion should be adhere strictly so as to achieve sustainable urban development.
Open Access
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY ON SELECTED BOREHOLE IN RELATION TO DISTANCE BETWEEN SOAKAWAY AND BOREHOLE IN KARU L.G.A, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-03) Onimisi, S.A.; Sangari, Dalhatu Umaru; Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Alkali, Mohammed
77iw wor/: assess the Effect of Distances between soakaway and Borehole on Groundwater Quality in Karu EGA, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study used both primary and secondary data. Water is vital to the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasing being threatened as human populations grow and demand for more water of high quality for drinking purposes and economic activities increases. Water plays a significant role in maintaining the human health and welfare. Clean drinking water is now recognised as a fundamental right of human beings. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of distances between soakaway and borehole on groundwater quality in Mararaba, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. The specific objectives are: to investigate the bacteriological quality of the ground water sample obtained from boreholes within the study area, to investigate the physio-chemical l quality of the aground water sample obtained from boreholes within the study area. Environmental problems in Nigeria are varied and \ If $ 4 extremely serious. The case of Karu is no exception. The city suffers badly from a range of environmental threats, particularly waste and pollution, which are rapidly getting worse, as Karu is one of the fastest growing urban areas in Nasarawa State. The results obtained from this research work show that the degree of nearness of any groundwater source, to pollution source determines, to a large extent, the degree of pollution of that groundwater source. Based on the findings the following recommendations were made by the partners dealing with environmental management issues in Karu should work together each time projects that involve groundwater development and onsite wastewater treatment are to be implemented, the Ministry of water Resources and Nasarawa State Urban development board should consider provision of piped water and sewerage sendees to Karu in order to protect the community against waterborne diseases, officials of Karu LCA should work with the Geological agencies in identifying areas that are suitable to for boreholes on the same piece of land to avoid groundwater pollution. The ministry of water and Nasarawa state Urban development board should considered provision of piped water and sewerage services to Karu in order to protect the community against waterborne diseases. researcher:
Open Access
ANALYSTS OF TREE SPECIES PREFERENCE AND REASONS AMONG COMMERCIAL CHARCOAL PRODUCERS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham; Ayuba, H.K.; Marcus, Nengak Danjuma
Commercial charcoal production has over time become an indispensable means of livelihood among rural settlers in Nasarawa State. However, charcoal production involves woodland exploitation which contributes to deforestation. Considering the growing significance of charcoal in rural and urban livelihoods in Nasarawa Slate, this paper analysed the preference of tree species and reasons among commercial charcoal producers in Nasarawa State in view of identifying endangered species and suggesting measures to ensure sustainability of the business. The study employed descriptive survey using both qualitative and quantitative data drawn from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire was administered to 450 respondents randomly sampled from cornu rcial charcoal producers drawn from 6 communities and 3 LG As of Nasarawa State. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions were also conducted and the data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Microsoft Excel and SPSS (version 23). A total of 22 tree species were identified as usable for charcoal production in the study area. Investigation into the producers ’ preference of tree species showed that eight (8) were mostly preferred out of which Anogeissus leiocarpus (Marke) (57.3%), Eryt.hrina ■ senegalensis (Madri) (52.2%) and Prosopis Africana (Kirya) (49.1%) were among the top three. Marke, Kirya and Madri were the most preferred species in A/cwanga, Doma and Karu production areas respectively. High charcoal yield,"good combustion quality, high heat content of resulting charcoal, less ash production were the main reasons for their preferences. Most of the preferred tree species have been depleted to the point that they are no longer commonly found for use among commercial charcoal producers in the state. The most endangered species due to commercial charcoal production were Anogeissus leiocarpus (Marke), Erythrina senegalensis (Madri) and Prosopis Africana (Kirya). However, pressure is currently on Teminalia glocosece (Baushe/Uko), Andira inermis (Gwaska), Ficus Spp (Baure), Vitellaria paradoxa (Kede) and Gardinia aqualla (Gaude) due to the difficulties in finding the endangered ones which constituted the most preferred species among producers in Nasar aw a State, it was recommended that state energy policies should incorporate a law*> recognizing charcoal as a key source of energy in the State, thereby encouraging investments in the activity of commercial charcoal producers. Furthermore, conservation plans and practical measures of replacing the extracted trees from woodlands/forests for commercial charcoal production should form the basis for license issuance for charcoal production.
Open Access
APPRAISAL OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MASAKA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA
(Environmental Science Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-02-13) Butu, Ali Williams
Technological development has led to the production not only electrical and electronic equipment but also to increase in scraps generation. The rapid movements in electronic industry, e-waste including obsolete and substandard electronic products have become the fastest growing components in the solid waste stream in Masaka and this waste contained toxic chemical elements that pose serious environmental threats. The paper examined electronic waste management system and the environmental effects on Masaka, Karu Local Government Area. Materials for the study structured oral interviews and field observations. The results of the study show that e-waste products are generated from the use of electrical/electronic equipments such as battery, electrical cables, televisions, radio repair workshops, cell, phones, computer parts and accessories among others. The rate of generation has been exacerbated by increased in population and technological upgrading due to increase in economic wellbeing of the people. The result also shows that the e- wastes are indiscriminately dumped on open spaces or streets. There is neither characterization of this e-waste non organized recycling, except by local scavengers (yan bolas) that operate backyard recycling by disassembling or open burning of the e-waste to extract materials of immediate use such as cable, plastic, ICs, transistors and metals leaving behind the toxic metals which are potent pollutants. E-wastes are known to contain toxic heavy metals that are linked to major were obtained from ailments peculiar to humans. The paper therefore recommends strong legislation enforcement on importation of obsolete and substandard electrical and electronic products and a good e-waste handling and recycling strategies that are economic and environmental friendly.
Open Access
APPRAISAL OF LAND USES IN FCT-ABUJA, NIGERIA
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-08-08) Alkali, Mohammed; Anzaku, I.M.; Usman, Salihu Lay; Buba, Samaila
Land is required for various uses in both the urban and rural areas. It is a major factor for production and vital element in the socio-economic development of any country. The study assessed land uses in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted both questionnaire and geospatial data analysis to achieve the stated objectives. A total of 600 copies of questionnaire were administered for the study. Land sal MSS, TM, ETM and Spot-5 satellite imagery of 1996,2000, 2008 and 2018 were used. Results showed that land uses such as agriculture, religion/institutional residential commercial/industrial have all recorded a positive magnitude change while land uses such as under developed. Social/recreational have recorded a negative magnitude change. For example, agricultural land use had increased from 6178.6 hectares to 13638.30 Hectares with a positive magnitude change of 7459.7 hectares and annual change rate of 497.3 hectares. However, social/recreational land use had declined from 7236; 10 hectares and annual change rate of-192.3 hectares. The positive changes in land use were due to rapid people perceived numerous court cases, lake of adequate security of tenure (encroachment), indeterminate boundaries, and inadequate security of tenure owners among others to be the constraints of land utilization in the study area. The study therefore recommended that land management should be decentralized at the local level to bring efficiency and accountability to the system. This would make procedures of land acquisition and registration easier and faster.
Open Access
APPRAISAL OF MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL HOSPITAL ABUJA, NIGERIA
(Department of Environmental Resource Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-04-14) Lamino, Bashir Abubakar
This research is inspired by the unbefitting medical wastes management practices in most hospitals in Nigeria. The study is aimed at assessing the medical waste management practices of National Hospital Abuja, with a view of making recommendations for improvement. In-depth interview and field observation method for data collection were adopted as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Non-probability/purposive sampling method was used in sample selection for fair representation of the population. After the field survey, information obtained from the observation and interview were collated and transcribed in a summary sheet. Descriptive analysis was used in assessing the data presented in percentages for frequency distribution tables and pie charts for graphical representation. The result shows that segregation of medical wastes into infectious and non-infectious medical waste is partially conducted according to definite rules and standards. The use of colour coding is practiced to a satisfactory level. Wheeled trolleys are used for on-site transportation of waste from the points of production to the incinerator for hazardous waste and the open dump site for the non-hazardous within the hospital. Staff responsible for handling the medical waste do not use complete personal protective equipment. Off-site transportation of the non-hazardous waste is undertaken by Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB) daily, while the main treatment and disposal method used in the final disposal of hazardous waste in the hospital is incineration. The study shows that the hospital does not have a policy and plan in place for managing medical waste. There are a number of problems the hospital faces in terms of medical waste management ranging from; lack of budgetary allocation to insufficient staff strength and training as well as lack of compliance to set rules and standards. It is recommended that the hospital should institute regular training and education of all health workers to develop awareness of health, safety and environmental issues and environmental health experts must be included in the infectious control team in the hospital. The hospital should develop and implement guidelines and policies for proper management and disposal of medical waste in the hospital. And finally, it should increase budgetary allocation for the management of waste in the hospital as it is essential for substantial investment in the proper management of medical wastes in order to reduce the health risk it poses.
Open Access
Appraisal of Solid Waste to Wealth in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-03-03) Anzaku, I.M.; Alkali, Mohammed
A lot of waste is generated and littered along roads, waterways on a daily basis. The aim of the study is to assess solid waste management to wealth in Minna municipal, Niger State. Two hundred and forty eight (248) scrap metal and plastic collectors, artisan recycler was studied using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In the analysis of the research, both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Tables, percentages and multi linear regression techniques were used for analysis and presentation of the research. The major findings are organic waste account for 48.39% of the waste generated. On the quantity of waste collected for recycling. 60.48% account for 25kg weekly. While 4% collects above-100 Kilograms. Aluminium utensils such as Pots, Frying Pan, account for 32.26% of the value-added products from the recycling of solid waste. While 24.1% from organic waste such as soil additives. The average monthly income for about 52% was N20, 000 which is even higher than the minimum wage. Furthermore about 40% of waste management entrepreneur are employer of Labour, while 19.35% of the respondent employ more than 6 people for the processes involved in recycling. A high percentage of 54 are self-employed. Their main source of income comes from processing of waste. The following recommendation is necessary to create more awareness on bow to generate wealth from solid waste. Environmental education should be included in the curriculum. Each and every individual should be sensitized on how to keep the environment clean to boost the environmental sanitation. Separation of waste should be done at the source of generation; it makes it easier to reprocess than when it is mixed up. The multi linear regression analysis revealed that the quantity of waste collected have significant impact on income generation with coefficient of 125 while the coefficient of multiple determination (R2) indicates a total variation of 99% at 5% level of significance. But with deficiency of availability of recycling plant the sector is not being optimized due to these challenges. The government should try to establish industries where one hundred percentage (100%) raw materials are derived from waste. The practice will drastically reduce the number of unemployed and clean up the street.
Open Access
Aquifer Potential Assessment in Termites Manifested Locales using Geo-electrical and Surface Hydraulic Measurement Parameters
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-06) Jamilu, Bala Ahmed II; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Mansor, Shattri; Yusoff, Zainuddin M.; Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham
In some parts of tropical Africa, termite mounds locations are traditionally used to site groundwater structures mainly in the form of hand-dug wells with high success rates. However, the scientific rational behind the use of mounds as prospective sites for locating groundwater structures have sparsely been investigated. In this paper, locations and structural features of termite mounds were mapped with the aim of determining the aquifer potential beneath termite mounds and comparing the same with adjacent areas, 10m away. Soil and species sampling, field surveys and laboratory analyses to obtain data on physical, hydraulic and geo-electrical parameters from termite mounds and adjacent control areas followed. The physical and hydraulic measurements demonstrated relatively higher infiltration rates and lower soil water content on mound soils compared with the surrounding areas. To assess the aquifer potential, vertical electrical soundings conducted on 28 termite mounds sites and adjacent control areas. Three (3) important parameters; depth to bedrock, aquifer layer resistivity and fresh/fractured bedrock resistivity were assessed to compute potential weights for each Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) point. These weights were then compared between those of termite mound sites and those from control areas. The result revealed that about 43% of mound sites have greater aquifer potential compared to the surrounding areas whereas 28.5% of mounds have equal and lower potentials compared with the surrounding areas. The study concludes that termite mounds locations are suitable spots for groundwater prospecting owing to the deeper regolith layer beneath them which suggests that termites either have the ability to locate places with deeper weathering horizon or are themselves agents of biological weathering. Further studies to check how representative our study area is of other areas with similar termite activities are recommended. were
Open Access
ASSESSESSMENT OF THE HOUSING QUALITY IN LOKOGOMA DISTRICT, ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, FEDERAL CAPTIAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA
(DEPARTMENT OF ENVARONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY KEFFI, 2019-04-08) Ibrahim, Fadila Garba
The ever-rising population in the country leads to increase in housing demand. The need to meet this housing demand lead to increased housing developments. The aim of this study is to Assess the Housing Quality of the Housing Estates in Lokogoma district, Abuja Municipal Area Council, Abuja. Both Primary and Secondary sources of data were used for data collection to determine the Housing Quality of the housing estates in Lokogoma district. Fourty four (44) copies of questionnaires were distributed through systematic random sampling among various estates in Lokogoma District. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. The data obtained from the structured questions in the questionnaire was coded, classified under different variables and entries made into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). The analysis indicates that the Environmental Indicators and Housing Quality characteristics shows that the Impact of the houses on Ecosystem does not significantly influence the presence of Environmental Hazard, since the corresponding p-value (0.259) is greater than 0.5. Presence of environmental hazards significantly influence the eco system, use of sustainable building materials and the local built environment. On the other hand, presence of environmental hazards does not significantly influence the eco friendliness of the house with corresponding p-value (0.106) that is greater than 0.05. From Economic Indicators, it shows that Annual Government Revenue/Tax significantly influences Housing Affordability since the p-value (0.000) is less than 0.05 (5%) hence, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance. From Social Indicators, it indicates that Safety and Security significantly influence access to both Educational and Health Facilities since the p-value (.000) is less than 5% hence, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that; affordable housing should be made a priority by incorporating holistic and inclusive urban planning, sustainable housing should be incorporated in the housing process by using solar energy as a power source, building more eco-friendly houses, review of Environmental Policies, Building Codes and Bye-Laws to include Sustainable Development goals so as to achieve sustainability in housing, among others.
Open Access
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT BY ABUJA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BOARD, FCT ABUJA
(Department of Environmental Resource Management, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-08-03) Sani, Yahaya Muhammad.
Solid Waste Management Abuja Environmental Protection Board cause for grave environmental and social problem respectively with the City Centre of Abuja and the Territory at large. The aim was to achieve by understanding the effects of Solid Waste Management on land, Land Scale and Land Use Distortion. The Solid Waste Management carefully sampled information on the environment characteristics, social features and demographic aspects of site waste obtained through field observations, oral interviews and the use of questionnaires administered. The sampling technique used was systematic while data analysis employed is standardize. The research also made photographs of some few sites visited. The results of the analysis revealed that the stage of Solid Waste cause different kind of environmental degradation among which is very large expanse of land are lost by causing solid and rock instability. The result is that waste of arable land as well as economic crops and trees while vegetation in form of plantation also suffers casualties. It is therefore recommended that all Solid Waste Management Boards/Agencies are to prepare a prognosis of the possible environmental impact of their operation as well as technique for possible monitoring the impact of their operations by the Ministry of Environment while offenders be brought to book/account as a result of adverse environmental effect caused including some cases of health hazards. Emphasis should move from waste disposal to waste minimization through sorting, recycling of regents and water, while Government should provide the regulation with appropriate sanctions while mandatory precautions, remedies and compensation for damages done.
Open Access
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SAND MINING ON ENVIRONMENT OF ESAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-01-04) Alkali, Mohammed; Ikphenbosa, Ekeka; Anzaku, I.M.
Every year, huge volumes of sand are mined from various places as raw materials for building projects. This 'study examined the effects of sand mining on the environment and livelihoods of people in Esan West Local Government of Edo state, the study identified the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identified the factors that push people into sand mining and examined the effects of sand mining on the livelihood of the people. In this research, primary data from three districts namely; Ofunama, Ora, Siluko, Udo, Ugbogue, Umaza and Usenwere used. Two hundred (200) respondents were chosen using the systematic, convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The qualitative data were analysed using content and thematic analysis of events as they unfolded in the field. The result revealed that whilst a few of the farmers (5.4%) were within the lowest age cohort of20-29 years, as many as 33.90% of the sand miners were also found in that same age group. On the other hand, whilst a few of (he sand miners (3.6%) were within the highest age cohort of 60 years and above, a relatively larger proportion of the farmers (9.30%) were also in that same advanced age group. A significant proportion of the respondents had no formal education (26% for the fanners and 18% for the sand miners) as shown in Figure 2. It was revealed that the highest proportion of the fanners (46%) and the sand miners (50%) had only the basic levels of education. The study shows that, primarily unemployment push people into sand mining. Also, very high profits and regular income from the sales of sand were found to be some of the positive effects of sand mining on livelihoods. In addition, sand mining was found to have negative effects on livelihoods through destructions caused to vegetation cover and water bodies. The study further shows the failure of the local authorities in protecting the environment and other livelihood activities from the operations of the sand miners. The study recommends that sand mining sites should be properly demarcated by the local authorities to ensure that, environmental impact assessments are done on such lands prior to mining the sand.
Open Access
Assessment of air quality within Maiganga coal mining area in Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-11-20) Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Opaluwa, O.D.; Alkali, Mohammed; Lass, Kumo
Anthropogenic activity especially coal mining contributes immensely to environmental pollution within coalmine and the host community especially if not well managed. This study is on the assessment of air quality in and around Maiganga coalmine, with the objectives of finding out the ambient concentration levels of criteria air pollutants within the coalmine, the Maiganga community and the four control sites 2km north, south, east and west of the coalmine, as well as compare the findings with the concentration levels of pollutants recommended as acceptable safety limits set by Federal Ministry of Environment, FMEnv. Six sampling locations were selected for detail assessment, with one point in each of the sites mentioned. Measurement of concentrations of criteria air pollutants; sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) were taken in-situ using Personal Toxic Gas Monitor (Tango TX1 single gas monitor). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), were collected using a Portable Counter HT - 9601 (PM2.5 and PM10) personal dust meter high volume gravity sampler. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were also measured using a Portable Hand Held Gas Detector (Porcheck+). The study was done during the dry season and the results revealed that, coarse paticulate matter (PM10) was above the stipulated safety limit of 250pg/m3 set by the FMEnv for the coal mine area and Maiganga community but all other parameters were within the safety limits of the FMEnv. CO, NO2, SO2, and NH3 in coalmine area had concentrations lower than in that in control areas because of other anthropogenic activities like burning, heating, waste disposal, agricultural practices and a host of others taking place in the control area and which are not available in the coalmine area. However, the concentrations of the aforementioned parameters were higher in Maiganga community than in the control areas due to higher rate of anthropogenic activities in the community than in the control areas. The hypothesis were tested using student t - test, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted which showed there was no significant variations in the values of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PMio), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) obtain from the coalmine, Maiganga community and the Control (N.S.E.W) with safety limits set by FMEnv. It is however, recommended that the Federal Ministry of Environment and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) should ensure strict compliance with safety and environmental standards agreed upon during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS, ACCEPTABILITY AND USE OF INSECTICIDE TREATED NETS (ITNS) IN TOTO TOWN AND ENVIRONS OF NASARAWA STATE
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2017-12-18) Salisu, Jafar B.
This study examined the level of awareness, acceptability and use of ITNs in Toto town and its environs in Nasarawa State as a strategy for eradicating malaria disease. The major data source was primary. A 32 item questionnaire was administered to 120 households in 12 settlements in the study. Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study findings reveals that majority (89.2% ) of the respondents had knowledge of malaria as a disease, use mosquito nets as the only means of preventing malaria(65%).Majority (97.5%) were aware of mosquito nets and 81.6% uses ITNs,89.2% sleep under ITN while 71.7% use ITNs only in the night. Those who do not use nits attributed it to unavailability, side effects like heat generation, bad dreams and affordability. Majority (61.7%) of the respondents felt ITNs are better than ordinary nets. 78.3% of the respondents see the function of ITNS as to repel and kill mosquito when they come in contact with it. The study recommended government and NGOs should intensity effort of free donation of INTS, public enlightenment campaign should be intensified to contradict falsehood about INTS, and all community should be considered in the distribution of ITNS.
Open Access
Assessment Of Charcoal Processing Technology Used For Commercial Charcoal Production In Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham; Ayuba, H.K.; Marcus, Nengak Danjuma; Ogah, Adamu Tanko
Deforestation and Forest degradation is one o f the major environmental problem ravishing the world today, Charcoal production involves a wholesome dependency on the natural woodlands which contributes to deforestation, leading to the loss o f valuable resources and dangerous interference with the environment. The adverse effect of deforestation is climate change through the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. I Charcoal production reduces the bio-productivity o f ecosystems by disrupting the habitats of thousands of species, and gradually transforms forest lands into barren deserts.
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY PERCEPTION AMONG FARMERS IN KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department Environemental Magement, Nasaraw State University Keffi., 2019-01-06) Magaji, J.I.; Anzaku, I.M.; Ogah, Adamu Tanko; Alkali, Mohammed; Idoko, A.G.
Agricultural production is sometimes affected by the effects of variations in the climate which subsequently affect crop production. In this study, climate variability perception among farmers and its effects on cassava crop in Keffi Local Government Area is examined. Data of rainfall and temperature over a period of sixteen years in Keffi LG A were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, National Programme on Food Security and Nasarawa State Ministry of Agriculture. This data was analysed using the correlation and regression analysis of the SPSS statistics package version 17 and trend function of the Microsoft Excel package. The result showed an increase in minimum temperature coupled with unreliable rainfall distribution over the investigated period. It identified poor yield with non-significant positive effect of rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature on cassava yield. The study recommends access to weather information for farmers which could serve as an adaptive strategy for positive crop yield production. The need to deploy Agricultural Extension Officers (AEO) to serve as guide to farmers through sensitization programmes and routine visit is imperative.