Pure Chemistry

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Browsing Pure Chemistry by Subject "Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Balanites aegyptiaca, Flavonoids, Phytochemicals"

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    Phytochemicals, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Analyses of Balanites Aegyptiaca Stem Bark Extracts
    (Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-03-03) Usman, A.; Mohammed, Y.; Opulawo, O.D.
    Powdered stem bark of B. aegyptiaca was extracted using ethanol, aqueous and n-hexane. Test for the secondary metabolites showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and carbohydrates in aqueous and ethanol extracts, while ethanol extract has in addition cardiac glycoside and steroids. Anthraquinone was the only metabolite detected in n-hexane extract. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts showed ethanol extract to have a broad spectrum of activity against the test isolates with varying zones of inhibition, as shown by the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which for hexane extract was obtained at 50 mg/ml for S. aureus, while that of ethanol extract was obtained at25mg/ml for S. typhi, 50 mg/ml for E.coli and 100 mg/ml for S. aureus. However, the test organisms were not susceptible to the aqueous extract. DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant property of the extracts. The result showed that DPPH% inhibition varied between extracts with ethanol extract having a maximum of 80% while aqueous extract had 32% inhibition. The crude extracts of the plant sample were also subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The results obtained were 0.46, 3.13, 9.70 and13.35μg/ml for vincristine sulphate, hexane, ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Comparing this result with the standard vincristine sulphate, hexane extract showed significant cytotoxicity having LC50 of 3.13μg/ml.