NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb"

Browsing by Author "Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb"

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Open Access
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Smallholder Poultry Droppings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2022-11-20) Bamidele, Oladeji; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Joseph, Ehase Buba; Amole, Tunde Adegoke
There is a growing risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) in smallholder poultry (SP). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate AR pattern of bacterial isolates from SP in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Nigeria. A total of 120 fresh poultry droppings were aseptically collected, randomly, from two tropically adapted (FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler) and local chickens. The chickens were raised either using ethnoveterinary medicines (n = 60) or antibiotics (n = 60). Bacterial isolates were characterized and analyzed using standard protocols, and appropriate statistical tools. Compared to Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (5.8%), Salmonella spp. (57.5%) and Escherichia coli (34.2%) were the most prevalent ( 2 = 96.67; p < 0.001). Prevalence of bacterial species was significantly (p = 0.024; Odds Ratio = 2.552) influenced by antibiotics usage. All four species were multi-drug resistant. In total, 30% of the isolates had a multiple AR index 0.2. Bacterial isolates from FUNAAB Alpha (58.0%) and Noiler (44.0%) were highly resistant to quinolones, while isolates from the local chickens (22.6%) were most resistant to aminoglycosides. Bacterial species isolated from FUNAAB Alpha and local chickens exhibited the lowest and highest percentage of AR, respectively. Clustering of isolates with similar antibiogram revealed inter-species dependence with possibility for interspecies gene transfer. These findings provide a background to investigate the metagenomics of local and improved chickens for AR.
Open Access
AntimicrobialUsage inSmallholderPoultryProductioninNigeria
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2022-08-23) Bamidele, Oladeji; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Amole, Tunde A.; Oyewale, Oluwafikayo A.; Bamidele, Olayinka O.; Ogundu, Uduak E.; Ajayi, Folasade O.; Hassan, Waheed A.
Open Access
Computational Molecular Analysis of the Sequences of BMP15 Gene of Ruminants and Non-Ruminants
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2016-04-23) Bibinu, Bwaseh S.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Ugbo, Steven B.; Dim, Ndu I.
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) super family that is expressed by oocytes and plays key roles in granulosa cell development and fertility in animal. This study investigated the molecular genetic variation of BMP15 gene of some selected mammalian species with a view to providing relevant genetic information for breeding and selection programmes in the studied species using computational methods. A total of thirty seven (37) BMP15 nucleotide sequences comprising goats (18), sheep (6), cattle (6), swine (4) and chicken (3) were retrieved from the GenBank. Sequence alignment, translation and comparison of the BMP15 gene of the various species were done with ClustalW. High degree of polymorphism of BMP15 gene was observed among the studied species. The significant value (P < 0.01) for relative proportions of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (dN) and the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (dS) symbolized that non-synonymous sites evolved faster than the synonymous sites and positive selection effect over shadowed purifying selection. Functional analysis of missense mutations using PROVEAN showed that twelve amino acid substitutions (L10S, W13A, E20L, V28S, P31R, P31G, P40Q, L42W, Q46N, A52V, R58C and G64T) in goats, nine in sheep (H21R, S32R, I33A, A39W, Q46W, E51A, G54S, R61D and E72A), six in cattle (Q30M, T41W, E50R, I62R, H65E, and E72S), seven in swine (I7L, T9I, V33I, L35H, C40P, R46P and Q61R) and five in chickens (A20H, L27H, W43L, A47P and G50Y) appeared beneficial. The phylogenetic trees from nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed the close relatedness of members of the bovidae family (goat, sheep and cattle). The present information could guide future efforts involving selection of markers of fecundity to improve genetically livestock species in Nigeria.
Open Access
Effect of whole sweet potatoes to tuber flour inclusion in cockerel diet on performance, organs and haematological indices.
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2016-02-14) Idahor, K.O; Jibrin, M.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Umbugadu, N.S; Tijani, I.M; Ibrahim, U.I; Amin, S.H
Open Access
Effects of housing system and plumage colour on egg quality characteristics of indigenous naked-neck chickens
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-08-12) Dahloum, L.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Halbouche, M.
The aim of the present study was to examine some egg characteristics of Naked neck indigenous layers (NNL) with different plumage colours (White layers, WL; Black layers, BL and Brown layers, BrL) kept in two different housing systems (conventional cages vs deep litter). The birds were randomly allocated in a 2 (Housing system) x 3 (Genotype) factorial arrangement. In total, 592 fresh eggs from 150 adult NNL (ranging from 32 and 35 weeks old) were analyzed for both internal and external egg characteristics using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. There were pronounced effects of both housing system and feather colour on egg weight, egg shape index, albumen weight, albumen height, haugh units, yolk weight and yolk index. Housing system by plumage colour analysis of variance revealed great interactions on egg weight, yolk weight, yolk index and on all albumen quality traits studied. The heaviest eggs [56.9±0.44 and 58.5±0.53 (g), respectively] were laid by BrL in both housing systems. BrL and WL raised on litter system tended to deposit markedly more albumen compared to their caged counterparts. There was also positive effect of litter system on WL in terms of yolk production (+1.16g). The present results provide useful information on the performance of Naked neck layers which can be exploited favourably to boost poultry production under hot environmental conditions.
Open Access
GENE FLOW BETWEEN NIGERIAN SHEEP BREEDS AS REVEALED BY MICRO SATELLITE DNA MARKERS
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-02-11) Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Agaviezor, B.0; Peters, S.O; Ajayi, F.O; Gunn, Hollingsheed H; Adefenwa, M.A; Adebambo, O.A; Ozoje, M.O; Ikeobi, C.O.N; Wheto, M.; Ajayi, O.O; Amusan, S.A; Ekundayo, J.O; Sanni, Timothy M; Okpeku, M.; Onasanya, Gbolabo O; Donato, Marcos De; Ilori, M.B; Kizilkaya, Kadir; Imumorin, I.G
The presence and level of gene flow between the four major Nigerian sheep breeds (West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankasa, Balami and Uda) was assessed using microsatellite DNA markers. DNA was extracted from 50~1of whole blood using the ZymoBead™ Genomic DNA Kit The DNA was amplified by PCR in a MyCycler™ Thermal Cycler (Biorad, Hercules, CA) using 15microsatellite markers selected. DNA fragment analysis of microsatellite markers was carried out using the Applied BioSystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The level of gene flow or population structure was assessed by STRUCTURE software and barplots generated by DISTRUCT. At K=2, two clusters was constituted from breeds descending from Balami and Yankasa, both of which are from Northern region in Nigeria. At K=3 and K=4, one more cluster emerged and further analyses did not reveal any additional strong high level substructure, so separating the entire the entire datasets into 3 major clusters was chosen as the final configuration. There are however, several cases of adm ixtures in the genome of some of the individuals that constitute the cluster. Yankasa and Salami breed had more cases of admixtures followed by Udawhile the WAD was the least breed with cases of admixtures
Open Access
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of Naked Neck and Normally Feathered Nigerian Indigenous Chickens in a Sub Humid Tropical Environment.
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2009-04-21) Ladokun, A.O; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Otite, J.R; Omeje, J.N; Sokunbi, O.A; Onyeji, E.
Haematological and serum biochemical indices of Nigerian indigenous chickens of two genetic groups were evaluated. One hundred and twenty (120) cocks with average weight of 1.10kg, corresponding to sixty (60) naked neck (NaNa) and sixty (60) normally feathered (nana) were utilized in the study. On the basis of feather colour, the normal plumage cocks were subdivided into two equal phenotypic groups. Each genetic group was divided into four replicates of fifteen birds each in a completely randomized design. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between the genotypes in the mean values of white blood cells(WBC), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration(MCHC). However, naked neck cocks were significantly superior in packed cell volume (PCV) haemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells(RBC) compared with their normally feathered counterparts(41.00 vs 35.90%; 13.68 vs 11.60 g/dl; 4.84 vs 4.21x106/ml; p>0.05). With the exception of PCV which was significantly (p>0.05) higher in brown cocks than white coloured cocks (38.30 vs 33.50%), plumage colour had no significant effect on the variables estimated. No significant differences were observed in total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, cholesterol, serum alanine amino transaminase (SALT) and serum aspartate amino transferase (SAST) of the genetic groups. The normally feathered cocks, however had significantly (P<0.05) higher globulin content (1.53 vs 1.15 g/dl) and lower creatinine value (0.88 vs 0.95 mg/dl) compared to the naked neck cocks. Plumage colour did not significantly (P>0.05) affect serum biochemical parameters suggesting that the two colour variants might not be true representation of genetically distinct subpopulations. The present result on blood parameters of both naked neck and normally feathered cocks could serve as a baseline data, which could be exploited in the improvement of local stock.
Open Access
IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN GENE IN SOME SELECTED MAMMALIAN SPECIES
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-05-17) Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Momoh, O.M; Vincent, S.T
This study investigated in silico, the genetic diversity of Beta- Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and their evolutionary and differentiation within and among selected mammalian species; and also examined the attendant effects of polymorphism on the functionality of the gene. A total of 21 β-Lg gene sequences with corresponding amino acids belonging to 6 species [cattle (4), buffalo (4), sheep (3), goat (3), pig (3) and horse (4)] were retrieved from GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). All sequences were trimmed to equal length (500bp) corresponding to the same region. Sequences’ alignment, translation and comparison were done with ClustalW using IUB substitution matrix, gap open penalty of 15 and gap extension penalty of 6.66. The alignment revealed high polymorphism of sequences among extant species. The Dxy inferred using pdistance revealed that sheep and goat had the lowest distance of 0.05 with a maximum distance of 0.65 between goat and horse. The hypothesis of strict neutrality (dN = dS) was rejected for all extant species as allelic sequence evolution was driven by both purifying and positive selection. Only those of pig and buffalo were driven by positive selection. In-silico functional analysis of non-synonymous mutations using PANTHER revealed that, all the 12 amino acid substitutions (10 in cattle and 2 in sheep) did not impair protein function. The Neighbour-Joining phylogeny revealed trans-species evolution, but a species-wise phylogeny was obtained for UPGMA with consensus sequences. Thus, all probed SNPs from this study have no deleterious effect and can be tolerated by breeders when selecting stocks for milk improvement.
Open Access
Morphometric traits, spermatozoa microscopy and stripped eggs fertilization with milt collected from live African Mudfish (Clarias gariepinus)
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-06-21) Idahor, K.O; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Umar, A.F; Musa, L.A; Yahaya, F.
The African Mudfish (C. gariepinus) has been reared in Africa for many decades yet with poor performance record, attributable to unreliable practical farming conditions with particular emphasis on artificial reproduction strategies. This has resulted in killing the male as the last resort for sustainable expansion in aquacultural productivity. Undoubtedly, this will lead to time, economic and genetic resource wastages. Hence, the need for alternative technique aimed at using syringe to collect milt from live African Mudfish. To achieve this, 120 males and 6 females were used in three separate investigations and information were gathered on morphometric parameters of the fish, microscopic observation of milt and fertilization of stripped eggs. The results showed that the papilla length varied between 1.31±0.15 and 1.55±0.06cm, pectoral fin length (6.26±0.24 and 7.07±0.86cm), testicular depth (2.60±0.17 and 3.04±0.35cm) and the testicular length ranged from 4.03±1.05 to 5.08±1.01cm. Also, matured and motile spermatozoa were microscopically observed in the milt collected from 3 (representing 10.0%) of the fish investigated. More significantly, fertilization (13.3%) of the stripped eggs with the milt collected occurred across the treatment groups, irrespective of the syringe insertion point and the testes (left or right). Based on these findings, it may be possible to collect milt with syringe for breeding in African Mudfish which will certainly end the killing of male fish. Nevertheless, the fish restriction technique, syringe insertion angle, possibility of spermatozoa deformation, short needle with small hollow centre and slanted end could be what led to the little or no milt harvested cases recorded. These without doubt posed some confines to the present search for alternative artificial reproduction technique. Hence, more detailed studies would be needed to elucidate the adoption or otherwise of this propounded novel artificial reproduction strategy in African Mudfish
Open Access
Multivariate characterisation of the phenotypic traits of Djallonke and Sahel sheep in Northern Ghana
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-08-12) Birteeb, Peter T.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Peters, S.O; Adeleke, M.A; Ozoje, M.O
The characterisation of the small ruminant populations in developing countries will play a major role in the maintenance of the genetic resources as the basis for future improvement in livestock production. The present study aimed at morphological characterisation of the two main breeds of sheep in Ghana by assessing variation within and between breed populations using principal component and discriminant analyses. The two breeds were the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep of both sexes and of two groups namely, young (1 year old, consisting of 74 animals) and mature sheep (≥2 years old, comprising 219 animals). The analysis of variance revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in the morphological traits of the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep breeds with higher values recorded for the former. Sexual dimorphism was in favour of male animals in all the morphological traits examined.Mature animals also had comparative advantage over the young. Two principal components were extracted to discern the structure of the two genetic groups. The most discriminating traits between the two sheep breedswere rump height, height atwithers, neck girth and pinbone width. Mahalanobis distance between the two genetic groups was 5.723 (P<0.0001). The developed discriminant functions clearly discriminated and classified the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep into their breeds of origin, thus yielding 100, 93.4 and 90.4 % accurate classification for the rams, ewes and the overall sheep population, respectively. The present approach would greatly help in establishing management and conservation policies for the sustainable production of the two Ghanaian sheep breeds.
Open Access
On-Site investigation of management and marketing strategies of Ruminants at Lafia, Wamba and Doma Markets in Nasarawa State Nigeria
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2009-04-11) Idahor, K. O; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Yahaya, H.; Dahiru, Y. M
Manhandling of ruminants, inadequate housing, feeding and inefficient pricing systems are constraints to productivity. Hence, this investigation was conducted to examine the management and marketing strategies of ruminants in Lafia, Wamba and Doma markets. Data were collected in each market for a period of twenty days, through direct interactions and participatory observations. The data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. The results showed that White Fulani, Red Bororo, Yankasa, Balami, Uoda, Red Sokoto, West African Dwarf and their Crosses were available for sales. They were restrained and manhandled during transactions. It was observed that only sheep and goats were partially housed and animals unsold were herded or transported back home. There were similarities in their feeding regime and there were little or no differential prices among the ruminants in the three markets. However, bulls were priced lower (30.7%) than cows, bucks lower (11.1%) than does whereas, rams were priced higher (20.0%) than ewes. More significantly, more females were supplied (54.6%) and sold (59.5%) compared to the males. Also, the results showed that there were more cattle in stock at Lafia market (87.1%) compared to Wamba market (12.9%) and none (0.0%) at Doma market. Similarly,sheep in stock was observed highest (50.0%) at Lafia market, followed by Doma (26.5%) and Wamba (23.5%) markets. While goats in stock were very close at both Wamba (24.3%) and Doma (24.0%) markets, the values were however, less than that recorded at Lafia market (51.7%). The management and marketing strategies of ruminants observed in this study were unsuitable for optimum productivity.
Open Access
Perliminary study on utilization of screen house and solar drier as poultry egg incubators
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2016-10-11) Idahor, K.O; Jayeoba, O.J; Matthew, B.O; Isah, N.; Lawani, B.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Haruna, I.M
Open Access
Physiological adaptation of local, exotic and crossbred turkeys to the hot and humid tropical environment of Nigeria.
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-05-20) Ilori, B.M; Peters, S.O; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Imumorin, I.G; Adeleke, M.A; Ozoje, M.O; Ikeobi, C.O.N; Adebambo, O.A
A total of 300 birds consisting of 120 local, 120 crossbred and 60 exotic turkeys were used to compare physiological adaptation of birds raised under the high-heat stress environment of Nigerian tropical humid climate. Genotype significantly (PB0.05) affected heat tolerance traits with the highest mean values for rectal temperature, pulse-rate and heat stress index observed in exotic turkeys. Genotype also had significant (PB0.05) effect on serum biochemical parameters such as glucose (GLU), potassium (K ) and Chloride (Cl ). The haematological indices of the birds such as haemoglobin, white blood cell count and heterophyl/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) were equally affected by the different genetic groups (PB0.05). The significantly higher (PB0.05) H/L ratio of the exotic turkeys was an indication of heat stress. The better performance exhibited by local and crossbred turkeys could be exploited in management, conservation and selection decisions of animal genetic resources under tropical conditions.
Open Access
Physiological and haematological indices suggest superior heat tolerance of white-coloured West African Dwarf sheep in the hot humid tropics
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-09-12) Fadare, Adelodun O.; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Peters, S.O; Sonibare, Adekayode O.; Adeleke, M.A; Ozoje, M.O; Imumorin, I.G
Coat colour contributes to physiological adaptation in mammals and mediates response to thermal stress. Twenty-four adult West African Dwarf sheep of both sexes and with different coat colour types were used in this study. We measured rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) before sunrise and sunset during the late dry season (January–March) and early rainy season (April– June) as well as packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Animals with black coat colour had the highest (P<0.05) mean values of 38.92±0.03 °C, 65.09±1.06 breaths/min, 81.35±0.78 beats/min, 1.70±0.01 for RT, RR, PR and heat stress index (HSI), respectively, followed by brown mouflon and brown with extensive white, while the Badger Face coloured sheep had the least mean values. There were significant (P<0.05) differences between male and female sheep for RT, RR, PR and HSI. Season had a significant (P<0.05) effect on RT, RR, PR and HSI. Coat colour and sex also significantly (P<0.01) affected RBC, WBC, Na+ and K+. Seasonal variation (P<0.05) in all the blood parameters was observed, with the exception of PCV. Interaction effect of coat colour and sex was significant (P<0.05) on RT and HSI. Correlation coefficients among the measured traits ranged from positive to negative values. These results indicate that selection of whitecoloured sheep to attenuate heat stress is desirable in the hot humid tropics
Open Access
Preliminary Screening of Some Nutraceuticals as Aflatoxin (Aspergillus flavus) Reduction Agents Using In Vitro growth Inhibition Technique
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-09-30) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Hassan, D.I; Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Adua, M. M
The following nutraceuticals: Moringa oleifera Lam., Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zinger officinale) were screened for their possible use as Aflatoxin (Aspergillus flavus) reduction agents by extracting their photochemical constituent’s using aqueous and methanol extraction which were used as inhibitors of A. flavus . The results showed the presence of tannins, steroides, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone, flavonoids, alkaloids terpenes and saponins in all the tested nutraceuticals. Methanol extraction had highest concentration of the phytochemical constituents in each and the growth inhibition zone of A. Flavus showed that the extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves, Garlic (Allium sativum L) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibit the growth of A. flavus in methanol extract, while aqueous extraction showed no zone of inhibition. The sensitivity results obtained revealed significant (p>0.05) difference on zones of inhibition at different concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/ml of the extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves (A), Garlic (B) and Ginger (C) and for methanol extracts (A), (B) and (C) at concentration of 12.5mg/ml. The highest zones of inhibition is extract (C) at 200mg/ml. The constituents in these nutraceuticals and the sensitivity results obtained indicates that these nutraceuticaals could be used as phytogenic feed additive for the inhibition of growth of mycotoxins in feeds
Open Access
Qualitative Traits Characterization of Yoruba and Fulani Ecotype Indigenous Chickens in Derived Savannah Zone of Nigeria.
(Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2012-03-12) Yakubu, Abdulmojeeb; Ige, A.O; Salako, A.E; Adeyemi, S.A

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