Browsing by Author "Umbugadu, A.A."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Determination of Swell Potential of Soils using Cole in Panyam, North – Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-09-09) Umbugadu, A.A.; Ancho, M.I.; Ngargadu, K'tso
    Swell potential of soils from parts of Panyam, North – Central Nigeria were investigated covering 72 square kilometres within latitudes N9021′ and N9026′ and longitudes 9011′E and 9015′30″E. With the increase of civil engineering constructions and the scramble for limited portions of competent soils for such constructions, there is an urgent need in a developing nation to study and characterize such soils based on its geotechnical properties. The geotechnical studies include twenty soil samples taken within the 1.5m depth with the aim of determining the swell potential in order to give appropriate guide to any civil engineering design and construction. The direct method of soil analysis which is the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), which ranges from 0.02–0.17 was used for the study. COLE Values greater than 0.06, were considered to be critical for most civil engineering design and constructions. Most of the samples studied were considered not safe for bungalows and some infrastructure without proper safety measures carried out to improve upon it.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Effects of Landuse Activities on Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation Purposes in Lafia Municipal, North Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-08) Aleku, L.D.; Obrike, Stephen E.; Anuda, G.K.; Umbugadu, A.A.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Identifying Potential Aquifers Using Landsat Images, Aeromagnetic And Resistivity Responses In Panyam, Plateau State, Nigeria
    (Department of Geology & Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2021-05-01) Umbugadu, A.A.; Ancho, M.I.
    The study involves delineation of aquifers in Panyam and its environs, North Central Nigeria. This study can serve as a useful guide for groundwater development projects which may be put in place to cater for water needs of dwellers. Methods employed include; geological mapping of the area, field acquisition of electrical resistivity data using 1D vertical electrical sounding of nine (9) stations, acquisition of aeromagnetic data and interpretations of total magnetic intensity (TMI) maps, as well as analysis of lineaments generated from remotely sensed aerial photographs of the area. Exposed in the study area are basement rocks comprising of granitic gneisses, basalts and granites with evidence of deformation shown as joints, fractures and veins in places. Interpreted resistivity data shows a three layer case for VES 1 to 5, comprising of topsoils, weathered regoliths and fresh basement with resistivity ranges of 321 Ωm to 1572 Ωm, 126 Ωm to 365.1 Ωm and over 290000 Ωm respectively. VES 6 to 9 comprise of five layers, with the presence of a fractured zone, with resistivity range of 59.4 Ωm to 676 Ωm. The weathered and fractured layers constitute the aquiferous units in the area with the fractured zone being the main aquifer, owing mainly to its appreciable thickness of up to 30 to 50 m. TMI maps classify the study area as a magnetic high area, showing evidence of uplift in surrounding basement rocks which could have lead to the development of structures as depicted by abundance of NE-SW trending lineaments derived from aerial photographs. The occurrence of lineaments correlates with electrical resistivity data, which points to deep sited fractures as main aquifers in the area. Based on the study, the area has moderate to high groundwater potential. Groundwater exploitation in economic quantity will be more feasible for fractured aquifers at depths of up to 30 to 50 m.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Kwoi 2016 Multiple Tremors: An Emerging Geotourism Phenomenon
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2017-01-01) Goki, N.G.; Baba, Adama Oleka; Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Tanko, I.Y.; Kana, A.A.; Umbugadu, A.A.; Usman, Halima Osu
    For a stretch of three days, the residents of Kwoi, Central Nigeria were held hostage by what is now accepted as an earth tremor of magnitudes ranging between 2.9 and 3.1. In its initial stages, various versions of interpretations were given including religious and traditional myths. These triggered national and international attention making the area to be temporarily a tourist’s attraction of some sorts with different groups visiting and reporting different versions. The aim of this paper is to report first hand the occurrence of systematic cracks on rocks and buildings as well as the safety aspects associated with this tremor. The study confirms that this is a purely geoscientific phenomena triggered by deep seated tectonic movements manifested on the surface through short distance travel of the accompanying vibrations which lead to collapse and breakage of buildings. It is unpredictably episodic but relatively safe for tourists as an intra-cratonic tremor.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Near infrared sensors for minerals identification and discrimination in the extractive industries
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-01-06) Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Usman, Halima Osu; Umbugadu, A.A.
    This paper considers the early identification and discrimination of copper bearing minerals from their associated gangue minerals. The proposed mineral identification and discrimination is based on individual mineral spectral signature(s) in the near infrared region. Ten copper ore samples, sampled from Akiri mine, Akiri, Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State Nigeria were analysed. Individual samples were subjected to mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction equipment and elemental analysis using hand-held X-ray florescence equipment. Prior to the mineralogical and elemental analysis, samples were scanned with a near infrared line scanner. Results of the X-ray diffraction, X-ray florescence and near infrared were compared. The comparison indicated that in addition to the minerals identified by the XRD, other NIR-active minerals with concentration below the XRD detection limit (5%) were also detected by the near infrared line scanner. Hence, the near infrared line scanner had a better detection limit. Furthermore, eight out of the ten samples analysed showed a good correlation where near infrared and elemental data were compared
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Preliminary geological evidence for multiple tremors in Kwoi, Central Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-01-09) Goki, Nathaniel; Onwuka, Solomon Anayo; Baba, Adama Oleka; Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Tanko, Ishak Yau; Abubakar, Aisha Kana; Umbugadu, A.A.; Usman, Halima Osu
    Preliminary field assessment of the geological evidence for the September 2016 multiple tremors was felt as far as 10 km in Nok and Chori villages in the north and northwest of Kwoi respectively. This involved systematic studies of the crack pattern and intensity on buildings, rocks and hanging walls of slopes around the area with the highest shock. The structural mapping was complemented by composite images of SPOT 5, supplementary subsurface investigations utilized aeromagnetic data, seismic data, and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for the area. Results show that the major evidence that proved a possible link to the area of highest impact is the tremor triggered displacement of a 4 by 3 m diameter rock boulder situated about a kilometre from the Kwoi town, some 3 km from the nearest epicentre that fell through a cumulative distance of 25 m, splitting the fresh granite boulder into two and creating a high impact scar on its path. Seismic vibrations that shook the residents of Kwoi and environs (with epicentres located along a NE-SW linear traverse and remotely coinciding with buried fractures) appear to have been generated and propagated laterally from the rocks along a northwest-southeast profile. Despite the non- homogenous strengths of the impacted buildings, the near-consistency of the E-W striking walls being the most fractured gives a remote connection with the major 345° to 015° fracture patterns on the granitic plutons that shields Kwoi town to the north. Additionally, the intensity of the fractures and collapse in the buildings increased south-westwards from the perceived area of highest impact. A possible tectonic origin related to stress build up in the rocks of the area for the tremors can be insinuated thereby foreclosing the theory of a non-tectonic origin being considered in some quarters including the recent Mpape Abuja tremor of 2018. All these epicentres plot along an extrapolated trend that coincides with the Chain Fracture Zone of the North Atlantic.