Browsing by Author "Umaru, Ibrahim"

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    Assessment of Radiological Hazard Indices from Exposures to Background Ionizing Radiation Measurements in South-South Nigeria
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-09-05) Godwin, Ekong; Akpa, Timothy; Umaru, Ibrahim; Lumbi, William; Akpannowo, Mbet
    Radioactivity in the environment from sources of natural and human activities resulting in planned, emergency and existing exposure to human population, environment and other biota has led to growing apprehensions in Nigeria and the world. The existing exposure situations mainly from natural radionuclides, present in the earth crust from creation emits background ionizing radiation leading to gamma dose exposures. The objective of this study was to assess the background ionizing radiation and associated radiological hazard indices in Itu, Nigeria located at 5010’0” N 7059’0” E, and establish an eco-radiological baseline data prior to the construction of any nuclear fission reaction facility in the area. A systematic random method of measurement was employed within demarcated monitoring zones of entire geological map of Itu, Nigeria. The global positioning system finder (GARMIN Etrex 10) was used for data point location, while RDS-31S/R Multi-purpose survey meter was used for dose rate measurement. The background ionizing radiation measurement obtained ranged from 0.041 ± 0.002 - 0.045 ± 0.002 μSv/hr with overall mean of 0.042 ± 002 μSv/hr, which was lower than the world mean of 0.2 μSv/hr. Radiological hazard indices arising from the background ionizing radiation measurement were also evaluated. The mean estimated Gamma Dose Rate was 9.312 nGy/hr, the terrestrial outdoor Annual Effective Dose Rate arising from gamma was 6.83 mSv/yr, that of indoor was 21.85 mSv/yr and Excess Life Cancer Risk was 0.05 × 10-3. The mean evaluated radiological hazard indices were found to be below admissible limits, and thus poses no significant radiological health threat to the populace. Therefore, the assessment demonstrates that there is no elevated level of dose rate, which is makes it safe for human habitation, but care should be taken to avoid increase radiation level from human activities. It is recommended that constant radiological monitoring be encourage, and the data considered as radiological baseline in Itu, Nigeria.
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    Investigation of Radiological Baseline Parameters of Proposed Nuclear Facility Site in South - South Nigeria
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-01-01) Ekong, Godwin B.; Akpa, Timothy C.; Umaru, Ibrahim; Sambo, Isa; Ogana, SAmuel John
    Countries with insufficient electrical seek other alternatives amongst others in nuclear power. However, its perceived threats which adversely impact on people and the environment, has made radiological baseline assessment vital prior to nuclear power development. The aim was conducting radiological baseline evaluations on proposed nuclear power plant site in Itu, Southern, Nigeria situated at 5010’0” N; 7059’0” E. A systematic random method in demarcated radiological monitoring zones was employed, using RDS-31S/R survey meter, Hyper Pure Germanium detector and Channel Protean Instrument Corporation equipment. The Background Ionizing Radiation ranged from 0.041 ± 0.002 to 0.045 ± 0.002 μSv hr-1 with mean of 0.042 ± 002 μSv hr-1. Also, the gross alpha concentration ranged from 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.02 Bq L-1 with mean of 0.06 ± 0.014 Bq L-1, and gross beta concentration ranged between 0.015 ± 0.01 and 0.40±0.03 Bq L-1 with mean of 0.12±0.02 Bq L-1 for water samples. Furthermore, the mean activity concentration for soil, sediment samples were recorded as 47.98 ± 80 Bq kg-1, 15.15 ± 1.0 Bq kg-1, 38.65 ± 6,0 Bq kg-1 and 41.55 ± 6.0 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Lastly, 137Cs ranged from 1.08 ± 0.3 to 2.97 ± 0.4 Bq kg-1 with mean of 0.32 ± 0.1 Bq kg-1. The radiological hazard indices estimations for mean Gamma Dose Rate was 32.15 nGy hr-1, Annual Effective Dose Rate outdoors and indoor mean were 41.31 μSv yr-1 and 165.23 μSv yr-1, respectively. Radium Equivalent mean of 99.16 Bg kg-1, External Hazards index mean of 0.28 mSv yr-1. The Committed Effective Dose of 7.17 x10-02 mSv and 1.80x10-02 mSv were estimated water intake for adult and infant respectively. These analysed and evaluated values were within admissible limits. The evaluated hazard indices pose no significant radiological threat to humans and environment, and can be used to establish radiological baseline prior to commencement of the nuclear facility in the area.
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    Magajiya System and Human Trafficking in Nigeria
    (Department of Political Science,faculty of social science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-06-12) Umaru, Ibrahim; Lagi, Theophilus Daniel.; Sam, Tende B.A.; Njoku, Helen O.
    The Magajiya system is a special form of women trafficking widespread in Northern Nigeria, whereby the Magajiya (the restaurant and brothel matron) *recruits’ and tutors young women to provide menial and sexual services to the male patronizers for a fee. This practice is rampant in truck transit camps, specially designated local brothels, and gidajen kashe ahu ('resting/guest’ houses) in the region. Using the focus group discussion and indepth interview survey methods, this study examined the insidious nature of the ‘Yon Magajiya practice. It also investigated the dynamics of the system and the inherent social, economic and health implications of the phenomenon. Preliminary findings of the survey revealed that teenage women and their parents/guardians are lured into the business by promises of good life in the urban areas. A large percentage of these teenage women are run-aways from broken homes and failed marriages, especially forced marriages. The practice serves as reservoir, conduit and vehicle for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS as well as visico vaginal fistula (WF) among the younger female victims.