Browsing by Author "Rilwan, Usman"

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    Assessment of Dose to Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Procedures at Selected Diagnostic Centers in Kano, Nigeria
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-09-10) Hassan, Abdullahi A.; Umar, Ibrahim; Ige, Taofeeq A.; Joseph, Dlama Z.; Aisha, A.; Rilwan, Usman
    Radiation dose levels for adult most common Computed Tomography (CT) examinations namely brain, chest and abdomen CT scans were studied. Radiation dose reports, scan parameters and demographic information were surveyed for a period of three - months. Ethical approvals were obtained from the research ethics committee of Ministry of Health and the studied centers. Data were randomly collected using a simple random technique from 131 adult patients with weights 70 ± 3kg. The General Electric 8 and 16-slice and 160-slice Toshiba CT scanners were used in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0 Chicago) statistical software. The results indicated that the CTDIw and DLP values were (62.5 mGy and 2946mGy*cm), (9.9mGy and 663.3 mGy*cm) and (13.5 mGy and 1397 mGy*cm) for brain CT, chest CT and abdominal CT scans respectively. The study shows that the CTDIw values are relatively similar to those reported in established work by the European Commission. However, the DLP values are comparably higher than those of the European Commission. This revealed that there is need for robust and sustained optimization program so as to reduce patient doses without affecting diagnostic image quality.
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    Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-09-13) Rilwan, Usman; Hudu, A.; Ubaidullah, A.; Maisalatee, A.U.; Bello, A.A.; Okara, G.O.
    A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. This study assessed the level of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks from the naturally occurring radionuclides; 232Th, 226Ra and 40K. 12 soil samples collected from the respective part of the Nasarawa were analyzed using the gamma-ray spectrometry NaI (Tl) detector system. The mean concentration for 40K was 645.29 ± 07.32 Bq/ kg, for 226Ra was 28.43 ± 4.8422 Bq/Kg and for 232Th was 66.84 ± 2.0201 Bq/Kg. The average effective dose due to the ingestion was 0.36±0.1 μSv/ y which was approximately 1000 times lower than the world average effective dose. Radium equivalent activity Raeq (Bq/kg), alpha index and total cancer risk were found to be 161.44±8.08 Bq/kg, 0.142±0.02 and (0.21±0.05) ×10-5 respectively. UNSCEAR/ USEPA stipulated that; radium equivalent activity, alpha index, effective dose and total cancer risk should not exceed the limit of 370 Bq/kg, unity, 300 μSv/y and 1 ×10-4 respectively. Hence the values obtained in this work were within the acceptable limits. This implies that the ingestion or inhalation of soil is not associated with any radiological risk of concern.
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    HEALTH IMPLICATION OF THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN ARA AND LAMINGA WATER SOURCES OF NASARARAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-01-01) Rilwan, Usman; Kamal, A.M.; Mamman, A.; Idris, M.M.; Ubaidullah, A.; Okara, O.G.O.; Ugwa, E.I.
    Water is an essential component of life, fresh water constitutes about 3% of the total water on the earth, only 0.01% of this fresh water is available, with two thirds of the earth covered by water and the human body consisting of 75% of it, it is obvious that, water is one of the prime elements responsible for life. Present study aimed at assessing the heavy metals concentration in water sources across Ara and Laminga using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES). The result revealed that, heavy metals for Ara and Laminga in mg/L (Zn (0.35 and 0.2), Cd (0.00 and 0.00), Fe (0.05 and 0.05), Cu (0.02 and 0.01), Pd (0.04 and 0.02), Ni (0.012 and 0.012) and Mn (0.04 and 0.04)) respectively were present in the water. It can be concluded that the mean concentration is insignificant and the area is considered free and the water in those areas is considered as a good water, though, on accumulation, heavy metals may have much impact radiation burden of the populace, hence, gross alpha and beta as well as risk assessment of water in the area is recommended as the concentration may elevate and cause cancer to the populace
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    Identification of Heavy Metals and their Concentrations in Ushata and Rafin Tsamiya Water Sources of Nasararawa Local Government Area in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-09-01) Rilwan, Usman; Kamal, A.M.; Ubaidullah, A.; Ugwu, E.I.; Okara, O.G.; Maisalatee, A.U.
    The natural radionuclides of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K have beeninvestigated in sand samples collected from Sharm El Loul beach using gamma-ray spectrometry by a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The detector was connected with a computer based high resolution multi-channel analyzer. The radioactive activities in the surface studied samples (Es) are ranged from 13.456 to 22.45 Bq/kg for 238U; 2.0449 to 16.245 Bq/kg for 232Th; 43.776 to 79.197 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 162. 302 to 416.111 Bq/kg for 40K with the average values of 17.531, 8.888, 63.265 and 342.289 Bq/kg, respectively. While at the deep studied sample (Eb), they are ranged from 10.888 to 20.714 Bq/kg for 238U; 4.427 to 16.347 Bq/kg for 232Th; 47.163 to 68.373 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 252.568 to 402.706 Bq/kg for 40K with the average values of 15.415, 10.034, 58.174 and 345.636 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard indices (Hex) have average values of 161.93 Bq/kg, and 0.437, respectively. The average values of indoor and outdoor absorbed dose rate in air were found 70.58 nGy.h-1 and 0.086 nGy.h-1, respectively. The reordered important minerals in the studied area are; feldspar, quartz, Ilmenite, Rutile, Magnetite, zircon, monazite, Uranothorite, and Apatite. In the present work, 40K was the significant radionuclide detected in Sharm El loul beach. The concentrations of radionuclides in the studied samples of Sharm El loul beach during the present investigations were normal and do not produce any harmful health effects to the local residents
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    Modification of the Exterior and Interior Solution of Einstein’s g22 Field Equation for a Homogeneous Spherical Massive Bodies whose Fields Differ in Radial Size, Polar Angle, and Time
    (Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-08-16) Rilwan, Usman; Maisalatee, A.U.; Ogwu, E.I.; Okara, O.G.; Muhammad, S.; Ubaidullah, A.; Abdulrahman, H.
    In general theory of relativity, Einstein’s field equations relate the geometry of space-time with the distribution of matter within it. These equations were first published by Einstein in the form of a tensor equation which related the local space-time curvature with the local energy and momentum within this space-time. In this article, Einstein’s geometrical field equations interior and exterior to astrophysically real or hypothetical distribution of mass within a spherical geometry were constructed and solved for field whose gravitational potential varies with time, radial distance and polar angle. The exterior solution was obtained using power series. The metric tensors and the solution of the Einstein’s exterior field equations used in this work has only one arbitrary function f(t,r,θ) , and thus put the Einstein’s geometrical theory of gravitation on the same bases with the Newton’s dynamical theory of gravitation. The gravitational scalar potential f(t,r,θ) obtained in this research work to the order of co, c-2 , contains Newton dynamical gravitational scalar potential and post Newtonian additional terms much importance as it can be applied to the study of rotating bodies such as stars. The interior solution was obtained using weak field and slow-motion approximation. The obtained result converges to Newton’s dynamical scalar potential with additional time factor not found in the well-known Newton’s dynamical theory of gravitation which is a profound discovery with the dependency on three arbitrary functions. Our result obeyed the equivalence principle of Physics.