Browsing by Author "Peter, E."

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    Effect of Grain Breakage and Relative Humidity on The Development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Infesting Stored Maize in Lafia, Nigeria
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-02-02) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Peter, E.; Amoo, Y.
    The effect of five levels of grain breakage at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of 10g grain with control (unbroken grains) were studied on the development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) under ambient laboratory conditions in Lafia, (08.330N and 08.320E) Nasarawa State Nigeria. In another set up of experiment, different levels of relative humidity generated from boxes measuring 20 x 20 x 20 cm fitted with electric light bulbs with range of 100, 60, 45, 25 watts with Control (no light bulb) were studied to determine the effect of relative humidity on the development of C. ferrugineus. These studies were laid out in a complete randomized design and replicated three times. Data was collected on number of adult mortality and progeny emergence for 20 and 56 days, respectively for both studies following date of infestation. Results of the different levels of grain breakage showed that there was significant difference in the level of grain breakage and the control treatment (P≤0.05). Results showed that maize grains broken at 80 and 100%/10 g of grain had more significantly adult emergence of C. ferrugineus when compared to other levels of grain breakage. The effect of relative humidity on progeny emergence showed that there was significant effect of relative humidity on the population and emergence (development) of C. ferrugineus. Different exposures to RH on C. ferrugineus increased insect mortality as relative humidity decreased. Mortality of up to 100% of C. ferrugineus was recorded at lower relative humidity when compared with the mortality in treatments having lower levels of RH as no emergence was recorded at RH of 18 and 24%. Treatments with high RH recorded high number of emergence as observed at 41 and 47% R.H. while 35% R.H. had the lowest adult emergence. The results of correlation among RH, temperature and mortality of adult C. ferrugineus showed that there were highly significant (P≤0.01) but negative correlations among relative humidity and temperature and mortality of adult C. ferrugineus. The potential of storing grains in low relative humidity environment coupled with low grain breakage is advocated for the management of C. ferrugineus.
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    EFFICACY OF THREE ESSENTIAL OILS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Step h.} INFESTING STORED MAIZE GRAINS IN LAFIA, NIGERIA.
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-02-09) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Peter, E.
    Three edible essential oils extracted from WestAfrican Black Pepper (WABP), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn., Clove, Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Percy and Ethiopian Pepper, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich were investigated for their effectiveness in suppressing the number and adult emergence of flat grain beetle, C. ferrugineus. Five pairs of adult C. ferrugineus were treated with the three edible essential oils at the rates of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/1 0 g broken maize grain at 20% of 109 maze grains. The experiment was carried out as treatment before infestation (TBI) in the laboratory in a completely randomized block design, replicated four times. In comparison to the treatment and control (0.00 mg), the entire plant oil significantly (PS 0.05) reduced the population of C. ferrugineus by causing high mortality rates and completely prevented subsequent adult emergence. Treatments with Ethiopian Pepper and WABP oil at the rates of 0.25 ,0.5, 0.75 mg/l 0 g broken maize recorded up to 90% mortality while clove oil recorded 100% mortality at all the dosage rates applied when compared with the control. The potential effectiveness of all the three edible essential oils implies that maize stored as grits could be adequately protected against C.ferrugineus, thus reducing their infestation and damage on maize grains.
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    Impact of solar heat enhanced by the use of black polypropylene sheets on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and germinabilty of cowpea seeds
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-02-04) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Peter, E.; Okrikata, E.; Emmanuel, R.A.L.
    Abstract Post-harvest losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus is a major constraint to cowpea production and the improper use of synthetic insecticides by most farmers have resulted in environmental, health hazards, and development of insecticide resistance in insects. This study evaluates the efficacy of solar heat treatment using double-layered black polypropylene sheets in suppressing the development of the cowpea bruchid eggs and the effect of the heat absorbed on the germination potential of cowpea seeds. Five pairs of 2 – 3-day old adult C. maculatus were allowed to oviposit for ten days on 50 g cowpea seeds in a glass jar in the laboratory before exposure to 24, 48, 72 and 96 h solar heat treatment regimes. Infested cowpea seeds but not exposed to solarization was set along with the treatments while uninfested cowpea seeds was also set along and used as part of the germinability test. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and treatments were replicated four times. The results showed that there were no significant differences among the number of eggs laid by adult C. maculatus on the cowpea seeds before solar heat treatment. Solar heat treatment of the cowpea seed at 24 h achieved 100% egg mortality of C. maculatus thus preventing adult emergence. The effect of solarization on seed viability showed that there were no significant differences between the infested cowpea seeds exposed to different solar radiation regimes when compared to uninfested cowpea seeds – range; 74% – 99% germination. The results showed that 24 h solar heat exposure of cowpea seeds in double-layered black polypropylene sheets could be the thermal death point of C. maculatus eggs on the seeds in the study area.
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    ItemOpen Access
    mpact of solar heat enhanced by the use of black polypropylene sheets on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and germinabilty of cowpea seeds
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-02-02) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Peter, E.; Okrikata, E.; Emmanuel, R.A.L.; Dattijo, S.A.; Kayode, E.A.
    Post-harvest losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus is a major constraint to cowpea production and the improper use of synthetic insecticides by most farmers have resulted in environmental, health hazards, and development of insecticide resistance in insects. This study evaluates the efficacy of solar heat treatment using double-layered black polypropylene sheets in suppressing the development of the cowpea bruchid eggs and the effect of the heat absorbed on the germination potential of cowpea seeds. Five pairs of 2 – 3-day old adult C. maculatus were allowed to oviposit for ten days on 50 g cowpea seeds in a glass jar in the laboratory before exposure to 24, 48, 72 and 96 h solar heat treatment regimes. Infested cowpea seeds but not exposed to solarization was set along with the treatments while uninfested cowpea seeds was also set along and used as part of the germinability test. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and treatments were replicated four times. The results showed that there were no significant differences among the number of eggs laid by adult C. maculatus on the cowpea seeds before solar heat treatment. Solar heat treatment of the cowpea seed at 24 h achieved 100% egg mortality of C. maculatus thus preventing adult emergence. The effect of solarization on seed viability showed that there were no significant differences between the infested cowpea seeds exposed to different solar radiation regimes when compared to uninfested cowpea seeds – range; 74% – 99% germination. The results showed that 24 h solar heat exposure of cowpea seeds in double-layered black polypropylene sheets could be the thermal death point of C. maculatus eggs on the seeds in the study area.