Browsing by Author "Pennap, G.R.I."

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    Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Nasarawa, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2021-05-21) Tama, S.C.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Pennap, G.R.I.; Nkene, I.H.; Abimiku, R.H.; Jodi, S.M.
    Aims: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and extended spectrum betalactamase resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from droppings of from selected poultry farms in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Study Design: Investigative Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: A total of 90 samples from poultry droppings were collected from selected farms. Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test. In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The prevalence of E. coli was 100%. Antibiotic resistances of E. coli were recorded as follows: streptomycin (S: 94.4%), sulphamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT: 90.0%), ampicillin (AMP: 88.9%), gentamicin (CN: 68.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC: 55.6%), ciprofloxacin (CIP: 41.1%), cefoxitin (FOX: 35.6%), ceftazidime (CAZ: 34.4%), cefotaxime (CTX: 22.2%), and imipenems (IPM: 17.8%). The most common antibiotic resistant resistance phenotype was AMPCTX-CAZ-CIP-CN (11.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.7% (88/90) of the isolates, with the common MAR index being 0.5 (33.3%). Twenty five of the thirty beta-lactam resistant isolates (83.3%) were confirmed ESBL producers. The 25 ESBL positive isolates carried bla genes as follows: blaTEM (11/25, 44.0%) and blaCTX-M (18/25, 72.0%). blaSHV was not found in any isolate. Conclusion: E. coli isolated from the droppings of selected poultry farms in Nasarawa were less resistant to imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by E. coli. Also, ESBL-positive E. coli isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.
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    Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Commercial Poultry and Poultry Farm Handlers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-05-19) Ibrahim, T.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Pennap, G.R.I.; Ishaleku, D.; Tsaku, P.A.; Abimiku, R.H.; Nkene, I.H.; Bassey, E.B.
    Aim: This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from commercial poultry and handlers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Study Design: Investigative. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, from 1st November 2017 to 31th April 2018. Methodology: A total of 1500 samples (poultry droppings, poultry flesh, feeds, handlers’ faeces and hand swabs) were screened for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium using pre­enrichment and selective enrichment culture media. Subculture of inoculated samples was done on Salmonella Shigella agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmedas serovar Typhimurium using both the conventional biochemical screening tests and Microgen Bio product GN identification system and slide agglutination test using polyvalent antisera. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation were carried out as described by the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Resistance was highest to Augmentin (98.1%) and lowest to Imipenem (1.0%). No resistance was observed in all the isolates from poultry handlers to Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Gentamicin and Streptomycin; but all were resistant to Ampicillin and Augmentin. The resistance of isolates from poultry and handlers to all the antibiotics is significant (χ 2 = 13.037; P = 0.01). Most (86.7%, 92/106) resistant isolates belong to the multiple drug resistance class.The distribution of classes of resistance of isolates from poultry and handlers is significant (χ2 = 318; P = 0.00). MARI is greater than 0.2. Conclusion: Salmonella Typhimurium with increasing multidrug resistance to antibiotics especially the β­lactam antibiotics has emerged in poultry.
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    Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-praduction in Escherichia coli isolated from door handles in Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-05-19) Tsaku, P.A.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Pennap, G.R.I.; Ishaleku, D.; Ibrahim, T.; Nkene, I.H.; Abimiku, R.H.
    Serious clinical concern has been raised globally over the continual evolution of pathogenic microorganismsthat are resistant to several chemotherapeutic agents,especially the beta-lactam antibiotics.
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    Markers of hepatitis B virus infection in a subset of young people in central Nigeria
    (DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI., 2019-05-23) Haruna, Isa Mohammed; Pennap, G.R.I.; Oti, B. Victor; Adoga, P. Moses
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50–100 times more infectious than HIV, and hepatitis B is endemic in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the serologic markers of HBV infection and associated socio-demographic factors in a subset of young people in Central Nigeria . Blood samples were collected from 350 consenting newly admitted students of the 2016/2017 academic session of Nasarawa State University, and their socio-demographic information obtained using structured questionnaires. The sera were analysed for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb using a 5-panel HBV profiling diagnostic kits (Qingdad High Top Biotech Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China). Data was analysed using Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.80, California, USA); and test of significance performed at 95% confidence limit with P values ≤0.05 considered significant. Of the 350 participants, 157 (44.9%) were male and 193 (55.1%) were female. Overall, 34 (9.7%) had HBsAg, 134 (38.3%) had HBsAb, 98 (28.0%) had HBcAb, 13 (3.7%) had HBeAg and 16 (4.6%) had HBeAb. Gender distribution showed that 20 (12.7%), 78 (49.7%), 59 (37.6%), 9 (5.7%) and 11 (7.0%) of male subjects had HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb respectively. Among female subjects, the distribution of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb was 14 (7.3%), 56 (29.0%), 39 (20.2%), 4 (2.1%) and 5 (2.6%), respectively. Being male, unmarried and histories of alcohol consumption, blood transfusion, sharing of sharp objects and multiple sex partners were significant predictors of infection ( p ˂ 0.05). This study reveals high prevalence of HBV and risk of transmission in the apparently healthy freshmen. Our findings have critical implications for intervention initiatives especially among students and youths.
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    Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-05-05) Tama, S.C.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Pennap, G.R.I.; Nkene, I.H.; Abimiku, R.H.
    Aims: This study investigates and reports the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates in poultry droppings sourced from selected poultry farms in Karu, Nigeria Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between August 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of ESBL production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test. In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples collected had E. coli. Antibiotic resistances in the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: ampicillin (96.7%), streptomycin (94.4%), sulphamethoxazole /trimethoprim (87.8%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (61.1%), gentamicin (52.2%), ciprofloxacin (40.0%), ceftazidime (35.6%), cefotaxime (31.1%), imipenems (22.2%), cefoxitin (13.3%). The commonest antibiotic resistant phenotype was AMP-SXT-S-CTX-CN (8.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 92.2% (83/90) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 0.5 (26.5%), 0.6 (19.2%), 0.4 (13.2%) and 0.9 (10.8%). Fifty nine of the eighty beta-lactam resistant isolates (73.7%) were confirmed ESBL producers. 55 of the 59 ESBL positive isolates (93.2%) carried bla genes as follows: blaSHV (50/55, 90.9%), blaTEM (31/55, 56.3%) and blaCTX-M (46/55, 83.6%). Thirty six (65.5%) of the 55 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaTEM, blaTEM and blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates showed lower resistances to cefoxitin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin and most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 5 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in the confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates
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    Molecular Diversity and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2019-09-02) Abimiku, R.H.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Nkene, I.H.; Bassey, E.B.; Tsaku, P.A.; Ibrahim, T.; Tama, S.C.; Ishaleku, D.; Pennap, G.R.I.
    Aims: This study investigated the molecular diversity and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from patients attending selected healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December 2017 and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates (using standard microbiological methods) from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: Phenotypic detection of ESBL production by β-lactam resistant isolates was done using double disc synergy test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Out of 56 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin from DASHL, FMCK and GHA, 53.6% (30/56) were ESBL producers, distributed in relation to the hospitals as follows: blaCTX-M in DASHL was 6(66.7%), FMCK was 11(100.0%), and GHA was 10(100.0%); blaSHV in DASHL was 8(88.9%), FMCK was 7(63.6%), and GHA was 10(100.0%), and blaTEM in DASHL was 9(100.0%), FMCK was 10(90.9%), and GHA was 10(100.0%). Also, the occurrence of blaSHV was 100.0% in GHA but 88.9% in DASHL. The detection DEC was high in DASHL (88.9%) but low inGHA (58.8%). The occurrence of ETEC was high in GHA (60.0%) while EAEC was also high in FMCK (81.8%) and GHA (70.0%). The isolates were distributed into strain A – J based on RFLP pattern and the occurrence of strain A was high in GHA (70.0%) but low in DASHL (33.3%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates were both diarrheagenic and ESBL resistant, and the predominant ESBL and pathotypes genes were blaCTX-M, blaTEM and EAEC. Further studies on molecular detection of sub-types of ESBL and sequencing of diarrheagenic pathotypes genes should be carried out.
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    Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2019-09-10) Abimiku, R.H.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Nkene, I.H.; Bassey, E. B.; Tsaku, P.A.; Ibrahim, T.; Tama, S.C.; Ishaleku, D.; Pennap, G.R.I.
    Aims: This study investigated the phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from diarrheic patients attending some major health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December, 2017 to March, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for the isolates was carried out and interpreted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production in isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime) was carried out using double disc synergy test. The occurrence of E. coli was 100% in all the hospitals. Age groups 0-5 and 6-10 years have the highest occurrence than age group 35 – >45 years. Isolates from DASHL were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (86.9%), Streptomycin (75.0%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (68.1%), isolates from FMCK were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (84.1%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (69.6%), isolates from GHA were more resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (85.5%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.0%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed with the order of occurrence: FMCK (98.6%) > DASHL (92.8%) > GHA (89.9%). The most common MAR index of 0.2 in DASHL was 0.4 (20.3%); FMCK was 0.4 (15.9%) and GHA was 0.3 (17.4%). The order of occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates in DASHL was MDR (84.0%) ˃ XDR(7.2%) > PDR and NMDR (4.3%); in FMCK was MDR (91.3%) ˃ XDR(4.3%) ˃ NMDR (2.9%) and PDR(1.4%); and in GHA was MDR (88.8%) ˃ NMDR(5.8%) > XDR and PDR(2.9%). Detection rate of ESBL was 53.6% (30/207), distributed in relation to the location as DASHL (60.0%), FMCK (50.0%) and GHA (52.6%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates from the study locations were antibiotic resistance. Further studies on molecular detection of ESBL, diversity and characterization of the E. coli into pathotypes are ongoing
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    PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM FROM COMMERCIAL POULTRY AND HANDLERS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-05-21) Ibrahim, T.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Pennap, G.R.I.; Ishaleku, D.; Tsaku, P.A.; Abimiku, R.H.; Nkene, I.H.; Bassey, E.B.
    This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium from commercial poultry and handlers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, from 1st November 2017 to 31th April 2018. A total of 1500 samples (poultry droppings, flesh feed, handlers’ faeces and hand swabs) were screened for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium using standard bacteriological methods. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed as serovar Typhimurium using both the conventional biochemical screening tests and Microgen Bioproduct GN identification system, and serotyping by the slide agglutination test using polyvalent antiserum according to Kauffman White’s scheme. The prevalence of S. Typhiumurium was 7.1% (106/1500), with the highest sample-related prevalence in droppings (16.7%, 50/300), the highest location-related prevalence in NW (11.8%, 59/500) and zero prevalence in hand swabs across all locations. The differences between the prevalence rates from the various sample types were insignificant (p = 0.10).The results would bridge the gaps in data of prevalence of S.Typhimurium in poultry and handlers in Nasarawa State. The Findings will be beneficial to individuals, public health officials, regulatory agencies and poultry handlers on the need for observing strict sanitation and hygienic practices in poultry rearing and processing. Salmonella Typhimurium contamination is prevalent in poultry, and handlers’ infection is possible via direct and/or indirect contact with colonized poultry.