Browsing by Author "Owuna, J.E."

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    Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Tympanotonus fuscatus Var. Radula (Prosobranchia:Potamididae) Sold in Markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2020-03-05) Asemota, U.K.; Makut, M.D.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Owuna, J.E.; Adamu, M.O.
    The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of bacterial isolates from Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula sold in markets in Nasarawa State. Nigeria. Samples of Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula (periwinkles) were bought from soup ingredient sellers at different sale locations in Keffi, Masaka and Orange markets and were analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. The total bacteria count varied from 1.18–3.20 x 108 CFU/g for the raw samples while the total bacterial count for the boiled samples varied from 0–1.57 x 108 CFU/g. Periwinkle samples with shells from Masaka market had the highest bacterial load with a mean total bacterial count of 2.94 x 10⁸ CFU/g and mean total coliform count of 2.80 x 10⁶ CFU/g. Raw periwinkle samples with shells had a higher bacterial load than samples without shells. There was also a drastic reduction in the bacterial load in the periwinkle samples after boiling under laboratory conditions. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were the Gram-positive bacteria isolated. Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp and Proteus spp. The most frequently occurring gram positive bacteria was Escherichia coli with an isolation frequency of 6(24%), the least frequently occurring was Bacillus spp., 8(32)%. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all the gram negative organisms exhibited sensitivity to ciprofloxacin: Escherichia coli (32 mm), Enterobacter spp. (41.5 mm), Proteus spp. (40.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (37.0 mm), Serratia spp. (26.0 mm), Pseudomonas spp. (23.0 mm). All the gram negative organisms showed marked resistance to vancomycin: Escherichia coli (12.0 mm), Enterobacter spp. (10.0 mm), Proteus spp. (11.0 mm), Salmonella spp. (5.0 mm), Serratia spp. (10.0 mm) and Pseudomonas spp. (4.5 mm).
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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Molecular Detection of tetA Genes in Tetracycline Resistant Salmonella Species Isolated from Different Water Sources in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2020-05-22) Adamu, M.O.; Ishaleku, D.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Owuna, J.E.
    This study was carried out to determine the antibiotics susceptibility profile and molecular detection of tetA genes in tetracycline resistant Salmonella species isolated from different water sources in Keffi, Central Nigeria. A total of 100 water samples, 25 each of well, public borehole, tap and sachet water were collected from different locations within the Metropolis and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Of which 38(38.0%) of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella species with well water having the highest contamination rate, 18(72.0%) and sachet water having the least, 3(12.0%). The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates revealed varying degree of susceptibility in which isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100.0%), Gentamicin (84.2%) and Chloramphenicol (76.3%). Susceptibility of the isolates to the other antibiotics tested is as follows; Vancomycin (47.4%), Ceftriaxone (44.7%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (39.5%), Tetracycline (36.8%), Sulfamethoxazole /Trimethoprim (31.6%) and Erythromycin (15.9%). They also exhibited different antibiotic resistance phenotypes: E, TE, SXT; AMC, E, SXT, TE, CRO, VA; TE, AMC, SXT, E; CRO, E, SXT, TE, AMC and E, AMC, SXT, TE, CRO which expresses a resistance frequency of 2(5.3%) respectively. The isolates were multiple antibiotics resistant with MAR index of 0.6 as the peak and 0.2 as the least. MAR index of 0.3 was the most encountered indices with an occurrence of 8(21.1%). Similarly, of the 38 total isolates, only 21(55.3%) were cured indicating that resistance were plasmid-mediated. Molecular detection of Tetracycline resistant plasmid gene (tetA) was conducted by Polymerase Chain Reaction method while agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the tetA genes were on the 282bp band. Therefore, water in Keffi should be properly treated before consumption while boreholes and wells should be dug far away from latrines and septic tanks so as to avoid cross-contamination by faecal materials and indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be discouraged.
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    Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Locally Fermented Cow Milk Products sold in Keffi, Nigeria on clinical bacteria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2021-08-07) Makut, M.D.; Emelogu, N.J.; Ekeleme, I.K.; Owuna, J.E.; Alfa, F.U.
    Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are renowned for the potential of producing antimicrobial compounds. This study focuses on isolation and antimicrobial effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from locally fermented cow milk products (Nono, Kindirmo and Maishanu). The antimicrobial effect of the LAB isolates against clinical test isolates was also investigated. Fifty (50) samples each of Nono and Kindirmo, and twenty-five (25) of Maishanu were collected from cow milk products sellers in Keffi, Nasarawa State Nigeria. Standard microbiological methods were used for the isolation and identification of Lactic acid bacteria from fermented cow milk products. The percentage isolation rate of Lactobacillus species from Nono and Kindirmo showed that 52.0% were isolated from Nono and 58.0% from kindirmo. The highest percentage occurring Lactobacillus species from Nono was Lactobacillus plantarum (14.0%) and the highest percentage occurring Lactobacillus species from kindirmo was Lactobacillus delbrueckii (16.0%). The Lactobacillus species isolated were screened for antibacterial activity and it was observed that seven (7) were able to show inhibition zones. The antimicrobial effect of the LAB culture supernatant against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae was investigated using agar diffusion technique. The highest 22.00mm was observed by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus delbrueckii against Shigella dysenteriae, while the least inhibition zone of 15.00mm was observed by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus acidophilus against E. coli. In conclusion, the zones of inhibition observed in this research strongly suggest that various antimicrobial compounds (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and bacteriocins) produced during the fermentation process are potent in the control of growth of the test bacteria
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    Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori Isolated from Soil in keffi, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2021-03-01) Ekeleme, I.K.; Makut, M.D.; Owuna, J.E.; Obiekezie, S.O.; Muhammed, F. H
    Citric acid is an Organic acids, commercially valuable product extensively used in different industries for various purposes. This study aimed at citric acid production by A.niger and A. awamori isolated from soil in Keffi using waste starch from corn milling factory. A.niger and A. awamori was isolated from soil in Keffi and identified using standard microbiology methods. Starch production media was prepared by following standard fermentation conditions. The citric acid produced was estimated using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The occurrence of Aspergillus species showed that Pyanku had the highest percentage occurrence with 100%. The screening for citric acid producing A.nigerand A. awamori showed that isolates from location A, C and D showed ability to produce citric acid. Effect of different temperature on citric acid production showed that A.awamoriA1produced highest at 28oC with 3.10 mg/ml and A.awamoriA2 produced lowest at 26OC (2.08mg/ml). A. niger F4 produced the highest at32OC with 5.03mg/ml and A.niger F5 lowest at 26OC with 3.10mg/ml. Fermentation duration showed duration by A. awamori A2 after 144hours with 5.00mg/ml and A. awamori A1 showed lowest yield after 24hours with 0.71mg/ml while A. niger F5 yield highest after 168 hours with 5.02mg/ml and A. niger F4 yield lowest after 24hours with 0.91mg/ml. Effect of pH on citric acid production showed that A. awamoriA1 yield highest at pH 4.5 with 5.19mg/ml while A. nigerF5 produced highest at pH 5.0 with citric acid yield of 5.69mg/l.
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    Production of Amylases by some Aspergillus and Fusarium Species Isolated from Waste Corncobs in Keffi, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2021-08-07) Makut, M.D.; Alfa, F.U.; Ekeleme, I.K.; Owuna, J.E.; Emelogu, N.J.
    Amylases are important industrial enzymes that have wide applications ranging from conversion of starch to sugar syrups, to the production of cyclodextrins for the pharmaceutical industry. This investigation aimed at production of amylases using Aspergillus and Fusarium species isolated from waste-corncobs in Keffi Nigeria. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of amylases produced by fungi isolates were determined using Spectrometry. The isolation rate of Aspergillus and Fusarium species was high in location A, C and D with 60% and location B with 40%. The percentage occurrence of the isolates demonstrated that Aspergillus carneus was 40%, Aspergillus aculeatus was 60% and Aspergillus flavus was 20% while Fusarium moniliforme was 80% and Fusarium redolens was 40%. The result demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce amylases. Aspergillus aculeatus isolated from locations C3, D1 and D2 produced 0.018mg/ml, 0.018mg/ml and 0.016mg/ml amylases respectively. Similarly, Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations A1 and B2 produced 0.021mg/ml and 0.012mg/ml amylases. Fusarium moniliforme isolated from locations A3, C1 and C4 produced 0.010mg/ml, 0.016mg/ml and 0.015mg/ml amylases. Result of effect of (temperature, pH and fermentation time) for production of amylases. Whereas highest amount for amylases produced by Aspergillus aculeatus and F monliforme were produced at 28 OC. pH 5.0 was found to the best optima pH for production of amylases from the fungi studied A. carneus (2.99 mg/ml amylases). The fermentation time showed highest production of amylase by A. carneus and A. aculeatus after 72 hours while F. moniliforme produced at 96hours. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi can be used for production of amylases.