Browsing by Author "Osadebe, C.C."

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    Compositional Characteristics and Industrial Assessment of the Asu River Group Shale in Mpu Area, Southeastern Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-03-08) Obrike, Stephen E.; Onyeobi, T.U.S.; Anuda, G.K.; Osadebe, C.C.
    Compositional and physical characteristics of the shale from Mpu, south-eastern Nigeria, were assessed to evaluate their potential as industrial raw materials. The mineralogical determination by x-ray diffraction (XRD) of the shale, indicate kaolinite as the major clay mineral with diffused peaks of illite and smectite, with quartz as the non-clay mineral. Chemical analysis of the samples reveals the predominance of SiO2 (58.62- 59.80) and Al2O3 (21.23- 22.10) with a silica/alumina ratio of 2.51.The shale is also characterized by significant Fe2O3 (1.62 - 3.68), TiO2 (1.48 - 1.56), K2O (1.64 - 1.78) values, while CaO, MgO, Na2O, MnO and P2O5 have individual values < 1%. Samples from the study area are essentially made up of clay fractions (<65µm) above 70%, some of the physical parameters of the shale specimens include linear shrinkage (4.80-5.20), plastic limit (22.0-27.0), liquid limit (53.0- 58.0), plasticity index (28.0-34.0) and loss on ignition (9.50-9.80) values. Mineralogical and chemical compositions suggest that the shale deposit could be exploited for ceramics, paint, pottery and refractory industries.
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    EVALUATION OF IMO CLAY-SHALE DEPOSIT (PALEOCENE) FROM OKADA, EDO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA, AS DRILLING MUD CLAY
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-11-11) Osadebe, C.C.; Obrike, Stephen E.; Sulymon, N.A.
    The dependence on the importation of drilling mud has much impact on the drilling operation in the country. Extensive field and laboratory investigation of Okada clay-shale revealed that the clay –shale deposit can be a good alternative to imported drilling mud when properly processed. X-ray diffraction studies carried out on the dis- turbed soil samples collected from the field showed the presence of vermiculite, montmo- rillonite and glauconite peaks, occurring as a mixed layer with traces of chlorite. District peaks of kaolinite, illite and quartz are also very visible. Chemical tests also showed that the SiO2 range from 55.75% to 55.84%, Al2O2 from 20.5% to 20.7%. The ratio of silica to alumina in both Okada shale and drilling mud are high, which is an indication of low quantity of free quartz. The average loss on ignition values for the Okada shale and drill- ing mud are 16.8 and 9.8 respectively. These values are high and indicate high water of crystallinity. The low content of K2O is an indication of the low amount of illite present. The mineralogical and chemical composition of both the Okada clay-shale and the im- ported drilling mud are such that Okada clay-shale can serve as a good alternative. However, the Okada clay-shale may require beneficiation, blending and refining pro- cesses to reduce its loss on ignition and SiO2 values.
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    Geotechnical analysis of two Nigerian soils for use as clay liners
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-01-04) Obrike, Stephen E.; Osadebe, C.C.; Omoniyi, S.S.
    The cretaceous Auchi shale and the Tertiary Imo shale in SW Nigeria were investigated for their suit- ability for use as a clay seal in waste disposal landfills. Geotechnical analyses indicated they are highly plastic inorganic clays. Although their geotechnical and chemical properties were within the range suggested by various authors for use as mineral seals, care would need to be taken with the Okada shales as they contain smectite and would be difficult to work and liable to cracking.
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    HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL BASEMENT COMPLEX AQUIFER IN AJAOKUTA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAHYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL BASEMENT COMPLEX AQUIFER IN AJAOKUTA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2005-09-09) Osadebe, C.C.; Fatoba, J.O.; Obrike, Stephen E.
    To establish the feasibility of water supply in a basement complex area of Ajaokuta, Southwestern Nigeria, pumping test results were used to investigate the storage properties and groundwater potential of the aquifer. The aquifer system consists of weathered and weathered/fractured zone of decomposed granitic rock with quartz veins. Kazemi et al. (1969) straight line method (observation well) of draw-down analysis in an unconfined aquifer (0=1) yield fracture transmissivity', fracture storativity and matrix storativity o f57.83 m day, 2.91 X 10٠' and 7.49 « 10 ا respectively. These values are reasonably high. The well efficiency of the test well is 83% and discharge rate of 25m١/hour (6OOmرذ day). The result is reasonably good and indicative of good groundwater potential.
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    The Kano–Kazaure highway, north central Nigeria: the significance of the engineering geology in construction
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2010-02-02) Osadebe, C.C.; Salami, Babatunde Moruf; Obrike, Stephen E.; Ajala, Muqada Olatunbosun
    ano–Kazaure highway traverses granitic rock with minor occurrences of metasediments and fine sandy deposits. The soil profiles were studied to determine their suitability in the proposed dualization of the highway route as part of the Trans-Sahara international highway con- struction project. The soils derived from the granitic rocks are well graded, with a high maximum dry density and low optimum moisture content. The soils derived from the schistose and quartzite zone are also suitable for road base and sub-base but the transported loose silty fine sand/sandy silty soils of the Chad Formation are only limited suitability.
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    Mineralogical, geochemical, physical and industrial characteristics of shale from Okada area, southwestern Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2007-01-09) Obrike, Stephen E.; Osadebe, C.C.; Onyeobi, T.U.S.
    '•؛:neralogical, geochemical and physical characteristics of the shale from Okada, southwestern Nigeria, were determined to evaluate its industrial potential. The x-ray analysis of the shale shows prominent quartz, kaolinite and mixed layer peaks. The result of the chemical analysis shows the predominance of SiOj (55,71% to 55.84%) and Al o (20.58% to 20.70%) with silica/ alumina ratio of 2.71. This clearly defines the shale as alumino-silicates. The other significant chemical impurities m the clay- shale arc 0,70) ه ع%), TiO, (1.15%) and N aO (2.0%). Mineralogical and chemical compositions suggest that the deposit could be exploited for ceramic, pottery and refractory industries. A small amount of montmorillonite in the clay results in high plasticity (74% - 85%) and shrinkage limit (8.30 - 8.70%) as well as low vitrification. The shلا e is also characterized by high loss on Ignition (16.8%).
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    NITRATE CONCENTRATION AND GROUNDWATER VENERABILITY IN TYPICAL SHALLOW BASEMENT AQUIFERS AROUND KEFFI AREA, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-11-06) Obrike, Stephen E.; Anudu, G.K.; Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Nghargbu, K.; Osadebe, C.C.
    Keffi 414 environs is characterized لا near surface outcrops o f underlying basement rocks and s h a lli overburden thickness.The study assessed tire potential ofnitrate-nitrogen (NOj-N) contamination o f surface and groundwater within the study area. Thirty-two groundwater samples and four stream samples were collected from different locations across the study area and analysed for their NO٢N concentration. Groundwater sampling were restricted to well-covered shallow hand-dug wells SHW}, medium depth hand pumps (MHP) and motorised boreholes (DMBH). In all the groundwater samplesanalysed,12.5°/oofthemexhibitedN03-Ncontentshigherthan O h g L 1 and 60% o f the samples collectedfrom the agricultural fields contained N o ٢N higher than 0 .05mgL؛ in contrast to 20% of samples from residential areas. Results also revealed an inverse relationship between the NOj-N concentrations and the depth o f the sampling aquifers (SHW>MHP>DMBH). All of the analysed samples contained NO3-N load 1656 than thefixed threshold limit by WHO (2006١ for drinkingpurposes of below lOmgi;1, thus, rendering the waters safe for drinking purposes.
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    NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER AROUND KEFFI TOWN, NORTHCENTRAL NIGERIA
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-08-08) Obrike, Stephen E.; Anuda, G.K.; Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Osadebe, C.C.
    Ten (10) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out in the study area, the field data obtained were then interpreted using partial curve matching and a 1-D inversion algorithm. Resistivity results indicate the presence of top soil (<300 ohm- m), weathered basement (100 to 150 ohm-m) and fractured basement (<3000 ohm-m). The thickness of the topsoil is generally less than 2m while the weathered basement varies from 5m to 30m. Fifteen (15) groundwater samples were collected from different locations across the Keffi area and analysed for their NO3-N concentration. Groundwater sampling were restricted to well-covered shallow hand-dug wells (SHW), medium depth hand pumps (MHP) and motorised boreholes (DMBH). In all the groundwater samples analysed, 10.5% of them exhibited NO3-N contents higher than 0.03mgL-1 and 65% of the samples collected from the agricultural fields contained NO3- N higher than 0.03mgL-1 in contrast to 15% of samples from residential areas. Results also revealed an inverse relationship between the NO3-N concentrations and the depth of the sampling aquifers (SHW>MHP>DMBH). Most of the analysed samples contained NO3-N load less than the fixed threshold limit by WHO (2006) for drinking purposes of below 10mgL-1, thus, rendering the waters safe for drinking purposes.