Browsing by Author "Omede, M.U."

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    Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli From Urine of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Subjects in Keffi, Nigeria
    (Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-05-15) Nkene, I.H.; Ngwai, Y.B.; Omede, M.U.; Samuel, J.; Envuladu, E.Y.; Abimiku, R.H.
    Escherichia coli are frequently isolated in symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria. The detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from urine of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects in Keffi was investigated. Urine samples were collected from patients with cases of UTIs attending two health facilities in Keffi and asymptomatic volunteering students, staff and others within and around Nasarawa State University, Keffi main campus. Escherichia coli were isolated from the samples using standard cultural, microscopical and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). In addition, the detection and confirmation of ESBL production was carried out by modification of double disc synergy test (DDST). A total of hundred (100) isolates (50 from urine of symptomatic and 50 from urine of asymptomatic) were isolated from the urine samples. Symptomatic isolates had susceptibility which decreased as follows: ciprofloxacin (82.0%) and gentamicin (82.0%) > ampicillin (62.0%) > streptomycin (60.0%) > septrin (52.0%) > augmentin (48.0%) and perfoxacin (48.0%) > cephalexin (44.0%) > ofloxacin (40.0%) > nalidixic acid (22.0%). Asymptomatic isolates had susceptibility which decreased as follows: ciprofloxacin (68.0%) > streptomycin (66.0%) > ampicillin (60.0%) > septrin (58.0%) > gentamicin (54.0%) > ofloxacin (50.0%) > augmentin (46.0%) and perfloxacin (46.0%) > cephalexin (38.0%) and nalidixic acid (38.0%). The commonest antibiotic resistance phenotypes were AU-SXT-PN-CEP-OFX-NA-PEF (symptomatic, 8.3%) and PN-CEP-NA-CN-SXT (asymptomatic, 9.1%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 80 (86.95%) of the combined isolates distributed as follows: 40 (83.3%) of symptomatic and 40 (90.9%) of asymptomatic isolates. Irrespective of the source of isolates, most (79, 98.8%) had MAR indices ≥ 0.2 which suggested that the isolates originated from environments where antibiotics were freely abused/misused. The commonest indices were 0.4 and 0.5 (22.5%) for symptomatic and 0.5 (37.5%) for asymptomatic isolates. Most (85.7%) symptomatic isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were ESBL producers; but only 42.9% of asymptomatic isolates jointly resistant to both cefotaxime and ceftazidime were ESBL producers. The correlation of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and antibiotic susceptibility irrespective of the source of the isolates were insignificant (P>0.05). Overall, most of the E. coli isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were positive for ESBL. Molecular characterization of the ESBL genes in these ESBL producing isolates in Keffi is on-going.