Browsing by Author "Oladiji, A.T."

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    ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA LEAF IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-06-19) Ajiboso, S.O.; Yakubu, M.T.; Oladiji, A.T.
    Aqueous extract of Calotropis procera leaf was investigated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Adult Wistar rats of mean weight 110.0±1.4 g were randomised into six groups (A-F) such that group A (non- diabetic) received orally 0.5ml of distlled water once daily for 10 days. Animals in group B, C, D, E and F which were made diabetic with alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight i.p) also received once daily 0.5ml of metformin (2.5 mg/kg b.w p.o), 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight o.p. of the extract respectively. Standard procedures were used to determine blood glucose, body weight, oral glucose tolerance test, weight of pancreas, serum insulin, total protein, urine glucose and ketone. The results of the antidiabetic study revealed that blood glucose of the alloxanised rats within 36 hours were significantly and progressively reduced (p<0.05) in the metformin - and extract - treated animals. The trace amount of urine ketone and glucose concentrations in the distilled water - treated diabetic rats were not observed in the other treatment groups except in the 25 mg/kg body weight extract treated group where less than 0.25 % of the urine glucose concentration was observed. The reduction in body weight, weight of pancreas, serum insulin and total protein in the distilled water-treated diabetic rats were reverted back to the range of the non-diabetic controls by the extract and metformin. The significant elevation (p>0.05) of oral glucose in distilled water treated diabetic rats was also reverted back to normal. The present study thus provides scientific evidence to support the acclaimed use of Calotropis procera leaf for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine in Nigeria.
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    CHEMICAL PROFILE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA LEAF
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2015-03-15) Ajiboso, S.O.; Yakubu, M.T.; Oladiji, A.T.
    This study was carried out to determine the chemical profile of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera leaf. The results showed the values of the proximate composition as: moisture content (10.92%), crude protein (28.53%), fat (20.42%) and carbohydrate (24.13%). Ash and crude fibre were 6.50% and 9.40% respectively. Magnesium was found high in the extract 36.5ppm followed by potassium 24.5ppm, calcium 17.0ppm, sodium 12.5ppm and Zinc 2.10ppm while phosphorus 0.40ppm was found least. 11 phytochemicals of pharmacological importance were detected at different amounts. The amount of alkaloids (2.05%) in the extract was 50.3 times and 2.3 times the amounts of other trace (steroids, anthraquinone, terpenoids, phlobatannin, cardenolides and chalcones) – 0.004%-0.04% and moderately (tannin, glycosides and saponin)- 0.05%-0.88% detected phytochemicals respectively while phenol amount (1.15%) was 1.3 times and 28.8 times higher than moderately and trace detected phytochemicals respectively in the extract. However, flavonoids were completely absent in the extract The amino acids profile showed the presence of 17 amino acids out of the 20 important amino acids, 50% of essential amino acds were detected high (arginine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine); 30% were detected moderate (histidine, threonine and valine). Methionine and tryptophan were detected low and absent respectively. From the work carried out, Calotropis procera leaf is a good source of vegetable protein, oils essential minerals and amino acids for human consumption aside its medicinal properties and folklore tradition belief of its use by the Fulanis in the northern part of Nigeria as cheese coagulum.
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    Evaluation of Anti-hyperlipidemic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Calotropis procera Leaf in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-03-03) Ajiboso, S.O.; Yakubu, M.T.; Oladiji, A.T.
    Diabetes affects the heart muscle, causing both systolic and diastolic heart failure; both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance promote dyslipidemia. Effect of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera leaf was evaluated on lipid profile and atherogenic markers in alloxan-induced diabetic rat using standard procedures. Adult albino rats (Wistar strain) of mean weight 100.0±2.0g were randomised into six groups (A-F) such that group A (non-diabetic) orally received 0.5ml of distilled water once daily for 10 days. Animals in group B, C, D, E and F which were made diabetic with alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight i.p) also received once daily 0.5ml of metformin (2.5 mg/kg b.w p.o), 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight o.p. of the extract respectively. The results revealed that blood glucose of the alloxanised rats significantly and progressively reduced in the metformin - and extract - treated animals within 36 hours. Total cholesterol, LDL-c, triacylglycerol, Log (TG/HDL-c), observed in distilled water-treated diabetic rats were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the extract - and metformin - treated rats. The reduction in HDL-c and TG/LDL-c in the distilled water-treated diabetic rats was also reverted back to the range of the non-diabetic controls by the extract and metformin. The significant reduction (p<0.05) in the elevated blood glucose level and correction of altered lipid profile observed in aqueous extract treated diabetic animals by Calotropis procera leaf to the range of non-diabetic controls in this study indicate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the extract. In conclusion, Calotropis procera leaf can serve as a potent agent for the prevention of coronary heart diseases through its anti-hyperlipidemic property. Further study is recommended for the identification of the bioactive compounds in Calotropis procera leaf that exert the anti-hyperlipidemic property offered by the plant.