Browsing by Author "Ogah, D.M."

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    ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARITY AND CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA:AN EXPLORATORY CASE-CONTROL ANALYIS
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-11-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ogah, D.M.; Yusuf, N.D.
    Background: Many studies conducted over the years have recognized the substantial epidemiological evidence on the contribution of reproductive factors for the occurrence of breast carcinoma, including parity. However, most studies evaluated relatively homogeneous populations, with a small number of women with high fertility, and the association of very high parity with breast cancer remains poorly understood. Therefore, we addressed this topic in an African population characterized by high fertility rates. Methods: We conducted a case-control analysis among women that were attending the Taimako breast and cervical cancer-screening centre, which is located in Nasarawa state of North-Central Nigeria.results: Among cases, 34.5% of the women were 39 years or less. About a quarter had ever used oral contraceptives, nearly half had attained menopause, and nearly two thirds had parity higher than 4 (parity 5-6, 32.1%; parity 7-8, 25.0%, parity ≥9, 7.1%). Compared to women with parity 1-4 the risk of breast cancer tended to be higher among nulliparous women (OR=3.44, 95%CI: 0.68-17.54), though it was lower among those aged ≤45 years (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 0.11-18.22) and higher in participants aged >45 years (OR=12.07, 95%CI: 0.62-233.00). For women with higher parity, the OR estimates were similar for those with parity 5-6 (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 0.80-8.01) and 7-8 (OR=2.65, 95%CI: 0.74-9.48). conclusion: Our results suggest that future increase in incident breast cancer cases in this setting may result from an improvement of screening and diagnostic services, rather than from a dramatic but unlikely reduction in parity.
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    Effect of Ronoxyme hiphos® supplementation on nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of grower rabbits fed sunflower seed meal-based diets
    (Department of Agricultural Education, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-01-19) Onazi, B.O.; Samuel, Emmanuel Alu; Ogah, D.M.; Adua, M.M.; Muhammad, Kabir Baba
    sunflower seed meal (SFSM) supplemented with enzyme on nutrient digestibility and blood parameters using 72 growing rabbits. Nine diets namely T1 to T9 were compounded to be isocaloric (2500 kcal/kg, ME) and isonitrogenous (15%) with treatments T1, T2 and T3 having 0% inclusion rate of SFS meal and 0PPM, 150PPM and 250PPM of the enzyme supplementation. Treatments T4 to T6 and T7 to T9 had 10 and 20% levels of SFS meal inclusion rate respectively but maintaining same levels of enzyme supplementation as in T1 to T3. This arrangement translated to T1, T4 and T7 serving as the control diets for T2 and T3, T5 and T6 and T8 to T9, respectively. The rabbits were allotted to the three levels of SFS meal (0,10 and 20%) and three levels of enzyme supplementation (0,150, and 250PPM) in a 3x3 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design (CRD) to produce nine treatment diets. The treatments were replicated four times. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbit fed 20% (84.58%, 72.24%, 67.16% and 64.27%) SFS diet than 0% (64.20%, 66.68%, 59.40% and 57.81%) and 10% (76.88%, 70.63%, 64.04% and 61.90%) respectively. Enzyme supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved RBC, the values increased from 5.23 x1012/l for non-enzyme supplementation to 5.38 -5.73 x1012/l. Red blood cell and was significantly (P<0.05) lower in rabbits fed T4 diet than the other groups. Similarly, haemoglobin (11.42 vs. 11.37 and 12.01 g/dl), cholesterol (3.83 vs. 4.33 and 4.31mmol/l) and triglyceride (0.95 vs. 1.16 and 1.03mmol/l) were improved (P<0.05) as the level of enzyme supplementation increased in the diets. In view of the significant improvement in nutrient digestibility and some of the blood parameters recorded, rabbit farmers can use the 150 PPM of the enzyme in SFS meal based diets without affecting the nutrient digestibility and health of the rabbits
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    EFFECTS OF ALKALI TREATMENT OF SOYABEAN ON CARCASS TRAITS, INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY AND COOKING YIELD OF BROILERS
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2013-01-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ayanwale, B.A.; Ogah, D.M.
    The effects of different alkali treatment of soyabeans on carcass traits, intestinal morphology and cooking yield of broilers was evaluated using 240 Anak broilers day-old chicks that were allocated into four (4) treatments of three (3) replicates as thus: Soaking in water (H20)- T1, sodium carbonate(Na2CO3) –T2, potash (K2CO3) –T3 and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) -T4 based groups. Five birds were selected from each group and fasted for 8 h prior to carcass evaluation. Plucked weight percentage did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among processed broilers, but significant (P<0.05) differences were recorded in the eviscerated weights. Neck, breast and primal cut-up parts varied significantly (P<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in the values for head, wing and shank. Intestinal weight and organs like lungs, liver, gizzard, heart, kidney spleen and abdominal fat deposition significantly (P<0.05) varied. Cooking yield was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in 1% NaOH. The best percentages for the fleshy primal cuts parts and the meat/bone ratio were 9.20% of breast in 1% Potash; 5.20% of thighs and 4.93% of drumstick all recorded in 1% Potash group and so also 4.35 ratio of meat to bone was recorded in 1% K2CO3. Alkaline treatment of soyabeans with 1% K2CO3is recommended for improved carcass yield in broilers.
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    Effects of Moringa Oleifera Linn Seed Administration on Sperm Production Rate and Gonadal Sperm Reserve in Rabbits
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-03-15) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Musa-Azara, Ibrahim Suleiman; Jibrin, M.; Hassan, D.I.; Ogah, D.M.
    Aim of Study: To investigate the effects of oral administration of moringa seed on sperm production rate and gonadal sperm reserve in rabbits. Study Design: 7 Month old mixed breed male rabbits were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Group 1(n=30) was the control group whereas the rabbits in group 2 (n=30) were administered Moringa oleifera seed powder in drinking water (250mg/L). After 4 weeks, the gonadal sperm reserve, daily sperm production, sperm production per gram testes and testicular dimensions (weight, volume and density) was compared between the two groups. Place and Duration of Study: Livestock farm, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, from May to June 2013. Methodology: Gonadal sperm reserve was estimated using a haemocytometer. Testicular weight and volume were determined using laboratory scale and water displacement method respectively. Parenchyma (1g) of each testis was sectioned and homogenized in 10ml of normal saline. The homogenate was filtered through 2 layers of loosely netted bandage. Spermatozoa number was determined using an improved Neubauer chamber. Daily sperm production (DSP) was estimated by dividing the gonadal sperm reserve by a time divisor of 3.66 corresponding to the time in days of the duration of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Daily sperm production per gram testes (DSPG) was determined by dividing the DSP by the weight of testicular parenchyma.Results: The results indicate significantly higher gonadal sperm reserve and daily sperm production for the control group compared to the treatment,(4.37±.18 to 3.27±.32 and 1.20±.06 to 0.77±.09) Mean values of daily sperm production per gram testes were however similar for all groups(0.53±.03 and 0.47±.20). Testicular weight (2.20±.06 to 1.43±.12) and volume (2.20±.15 to 1.73±.07) were significantly higher for the control group compared to treatment (P=0.05). Tissue density was similar for both groups (1.01±.05 to 0.82±.07).
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    EVALUATING INBREEDING RATE IN POPULATION OF LOCAL MUSCOVY DUCK
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-04-04) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ogah, D.M.
    This study was aimed to evaluate inbreeding rate in local population of muscovy duck in some selected localities around Lafia in North Central Nigeria. Between 2009 and 2010, five focal points were identified and data was collected. At each point and year the numbers of breeding males (Nm ) and females (Nf ), male; to female ratio (Nm/Nf ), total breeding population (N), effective population size(Ne) and ratio of breeders contributing effective genes (Ne/N) to the population and hypothetical rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔF) of the muscovy duck at each year were estimated. Total breeding population (N) for each of the studied population varied for every year and no significant increase was noticed except for Mararaba population.Ne/N ratio varied between 78 to 99%, rate of inbreeding ΔF varied between 0.008 to 0.029. The inbreeding rate in each population was consistent yearly except for one population(Mararaba). Maximizing effective population size was identified as an effective way to control inbreeding rate and depression.
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    Haematology and serum biochemistry of rabbits fed acha (Digitaria exilis) offal meal-based diets supplemented with Maxigrains® enzyme
    (Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-01-09) Azi, J.A.; Samuel, Emmanuel Alu; Ogah, D.M.; Muhammad, Kabir Baba
    Food-feed competition between human and animals has necessitated farmers to turn to alternative feed resources such as Acha Offal. Forty eight rabbits of mixed breeds and similar live weight were utilized in an experiment to evaluate the effect of feeding acha offal mealbased diets supplemented with Maxigrain enzyme on their haematology and serum biochemistry. The experiment had two phases (weaner and grower) each lasting for 42 days. Six treatments diets namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were compounded to be iso-caloric (2700kcal/kg) and iso-nitrogenous (18% crude protein) for the weaner phase while (15% crude protein) and isocaloric (2500kcal/kg) for the grower phase. The Acha Offal (AO) was included at 0, 15 and 30% while the enzyme was supplemented at 0 and 200ppm. The experiment was arranged in a 2x3 factorial fitted into a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times having two rabbits per replicate. Feed and water were provided to the animals daily and all standard routine management practices were strictly observed throughout the experimental period. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from each animal for blood analyses. The results show that there was no significant (P>0.05) variation on the haematological and biochemical parameters due to enzyme or AO effect. In the growing phase, main effect of AO was not significant (P>0.05) on the haematological parameters except on white blood cell (WBC) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Effect of enzymes on growing rabbit was not significantly different (P>0.05) except on WBC at 0ppm (5.75 x109/L) and 200ppm (6.60 x109/L) and on MCHC at 0ppm (33.27 x109/L) and 200ppm (33.20 x109/L). The Interactive effect of AO and enzyme showed that T2 had the highest WBC (8.80 x109/L) while T4 had the lowest MCHC (33.10 x109/L). Serum biochemical parameters were not affected by Acha offal except phosphorus where there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in 30% AO (1.35g/dL). Enzymes effect showed that animals on 0ppm had significantly (P<0.05) higher phosphorus (1.83g/dl) than 200ppm (1.38g/dL). Acha offal supplemented with Maxigrain enzyme can be included in the diets of grower rabbits without adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical indices
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    Nutrient Composition, Amino Acids Profile and Anti Nutritional Factors of Nixtamalized Soya Bean (Glycine max) using different alkali treatment
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-12-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Barde, R.E.; Ogah, D.M.; Yakubu, A.; Aya, V.E.
    The utilization of silk cotton seed (Ceiba patandra) as a substitute for full fat soyabeans was evaluated using 120 Anak broiler chickens during 8 week feeding trails in which silk cotton seed (toasted, TSCS and untoasted, USCS) was used to replace soyabean at 0%(T1), 50%TSC (T2), 50%USCS (T3), 100%TSCS (T4) and 100% USCS(T5).Data were collected on average feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index. The results obtained showed treatment effect on feed intake and weight gain was significant (P<0.05). However, the highest feed intake and weight gain (880.68 g and, 429.65g) respectively was recorded for T1 (control). T 2 showed the best replacement potentials for soyabeans in terms of feed intake (676.16 g ) and BWG (449.56 g). Similarly, mean feed conversion ratio and performance index were significantly (P<0.05) different between treatment groups. From the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that 50% replacement of soyabeans with toasted silk cotton seed (TSCS) is a desirable substitute for soyabean in the diets of broilers.
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    PATH COEFFICIENT MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF WEIGHT USING LINEAR TRAITS AT BIRTH AND AT WEANING IN NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS PIG
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-01-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ogah, D.M.; Yusuf, N.D.
    Direct and indirect effects of some explanatory variables ((body length (BL), rump height (RH), rump length (RL) , rump width (RW) , shoulder width (SW), wither height (WH), heart girth (HG) and flank length (FL)) influence on live weight at birth and at weaning in Nigerian indigenous pigs, managed under semi intensive system were investigated using path analysis. Results of the analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient between body weight and body length at birth was highest (0.59) while at weaning, rump width had the highest correlation coefficient with body weight (0.60). The relationships were from low to high. The direct effect of linear traits to body weight at birth were highest with wither height and flank length similarly heart girth and rump length had better direct effect on body weight at weaning than other linear traits. The findings show that there is variability in relationship between body weight and linear traits with age, similarly both tissues and bone development play significant role in weight determination in the indigenous pigs. Thus selection for weight increase at adult phase can better be achieved at weaning, providing direction for selection towards increase weight in indigenous pigs.
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    Preliminary investigation on communitybased intervention through cockerel exchange programme for sustainable improved rural chicken production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-01-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Yakubu, A.; Ogbe, A.O.; Ogah, D.M.; Adua, M.M.; Idahor, K.O.; Samuel, Emmanuel Alu; Ishaq, A.S.; Salau, E.S.
    Local chickens play an important role for smallholders and contribute significantly to food security of households in rural and semi-urban communities. However, the poultry sector is beset with low productivity in Nigeria. The present study aimed at improving the performance of rural chickens in Nasarawa State through cockerel exchange programme. A total of one hundred and eighty (180), 25-week old cockerels were obtained from a reputable farm in the State. Forty eight (48) households from Danka Sarki Extension Village (University’s Extension Model Village) and ten (10) households from COAL Staff quarters were randomly selected. Each participating farmer (household) was given cockerels depending on the number given in return for his/her own cock(s). Pre- and Post-trial information was obtained on flock size, number of chicks, growers, cocks and hens including number of clutch/bird, eggs/clutch, eggs hatched per clutch, mortality and body weights of chicks and growers. There was no significant difference in the flock size of birds before intervention and after intervention. The mortality rate of chicks/clutch and growers/clutch within the first nine months of study decreased as a result of the introduction of cockerels. Similarly, body weights of chick sand growers of post-intervention birds were higher. The distribution of cockerels (improved exotic birds) to the rural livestock farmers in the study areas appeared to contribute to improved village chicken production.
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    THERMAL PROCESSING METHODS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON NUTRIENTS AND ANTI-NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION OF FLAMBOYANT SEEDS DELONIX REGIA
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2015-12-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ogah, D.M.; Samuel, Emmanuel Alu
    The effect of different thermal processing methods on nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of Delonix regia (DR) seeds was investigated. The raw seeds were sorted to ensure homogeneity of product; raw samples were collected, crushed and tagged T1. At boiling point (100oC), another sample of the seeds was poured into tower aluminum pot containing 25litres of water; samples were taken after 40 minutes of boiling and tagged T2. The third sample (T3) was toasted using open pan for 40 minutes and crushed. Each sample of the treatments was replicated 3 times; the prepared samples were then taken for analyses. The results showed that cooking produced better (P<0.05) crude protein value of 35.49% while crude fibre was reduced significantly (P<0.05) compared to the raw; the concentration of lysine (0.39%) and tryptophan (0.73%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when toasted compared to the other treatment methods. Similarly, ash content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in raw (7.99%) and cooked (7.64%) compared to the toasted seeds. Cooking and toasting significantly (P<0.05) reduced acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose. Cooking also significantly (P<0.05) increased trypsin inhibitor activity, TIA(12.06mg/100g) but reduced phytate (0.11 vs. 0.14mg/100g) for T2 and T3, respectively. In view of the findings of this study, cooking and or toasting DR seeds can serve as an alternative protein source for most monogastric animals considering its rich nutrient composition.
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    UTILIZATION OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L) AS ASUPPLEMENTARY PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVE FOR BROILERS FED COMMERCIAL FEEDS
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-01-26) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Barde, R.E.; Ogah, D.M.; Agade, Y.I.; Yusuf, N.D.; Hassan, I.D.; Muhammed, M.M.
    The study examines the effects of garlic (Allium sativum L) as a supplementary phytogenic feed additive for broilers using one hundred and twenty (120) Lohman broilers that were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups of two replicates each. Dietary treatments were as follows: T (control), T1, T2 and T3 representing 0, 10, 15 and 20% daily supplementation of garlic per Kilogram of feed at both starter and finisher diets. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in all performance parameters of experimental birds at both starter and finisher phases except in average body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at starter phase which showed significant (P<0.05) differences. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all serum indices measured as Hb %, PCV, Hb g/dl and the garlic supplementation were all negatively correlated (P<0.05) with cholesterol, while PCV, Hb g/dl and garlic supplementation were significantly (P> 0.01) positively correlated with cholesterol, indicating that with increasing in garlic supplementation there was a corresponding increase in other serum metabolites except for cholesterol which was decreased with increase in garlic supplementation. Supplementation with 15% of garlic per kilogram of feed will reduce cholesterol deposition and support performance of broilers.
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    Variability among Body Shape Characters in adult Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris L.)
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-11-01) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Ogah, D.M.
    Morphometric traits (body length, wing length, neck length, shank length, thigh length, keel length, chest circumference) and body weight obtained from 82 adult (both sexes) Nigerian indigenous guinea fowl domesticated by rural farmers in three communities of Lafia local government area of Nasarawa State, were used for the study. The objectives of the study was to obtain the sources of shared variability among the body shape characters of adult guinea fowl and predict live weight using both original traits and orthogonal traits. Sex effect was not significant (p>0.05) on the traits. Correlations between traits were low to high. Body conformation “shape” were controlled by both common and unique factors, communalities ranges between .371 to .996 for wing length and keel length respectively. Common sources of variability in body dimension of the bird were accounted for by factors representing general size and chest circumference. Original body dimensions were better predictors of body weight than the orthogonal traits derived from factor analysis.
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    VILLAGE CHICKEN FLOCK OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRAINTS IN KEANA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Animal science,Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-11-21) Ari, Maikano Mohammed; Hassan, D.I.; Ogah, D.M.; Yusuf, N.D.; Musa-Azara, Ibrahim Suleiman; Alaga, A.A.
    A survey on Village chicken flock ownership, management and constraints in Keana local government area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, was carried out using structured questionnaires. One thousand, five hundred (1,500) flock owners were selected using multistage sampling techniques from six villages. Keana town has the highest chicken population (37.02%) followed by Kadarko, Giza, Aloshi, Kwara and Agaza with (24.66, 15.53, 9.06, 8.53 and 5.19% ) respectively. Majority (65.50% )of the flock owners were males while 31.50% are females. A total of 83.87 per cent of the village chicken population is under extensive management system. Breeding was generally uncontrolled. It also showed that the highest population of the village chicken (65.13%) roost on branches of tree at night as compare to 29.20 and 5.67% for those housed at one corner of the main family house and an overhang attached to the roof of the houses respectively. The result of the analysis also showed that major production constraints was diseases (52%) majorly (Newcastle disease, fowl cholera and fowl pox) which is followed by stealing, predators and parasites with 28, 12 and 8% respectively. Local method of treatment ranging from 43.53 to 66.41%, slaughter 4.69 to 28.08% and others sale, gift and no action are methods adopted for controlling diseased flocks. Adequate disease control measures through provision of health facilities and improved housing system are recommended for the communities.