Browsing by Author "Nyam, Mary Azumi"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM KUNUN-ZAKI DRINK SOLD IN KEFFI METROPOLIS
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2013-06-09) Makut, M.D.; Nyam, Mary Azumi; Obumneme, Smart Obiekezie; Abubakar, Aisha Eleojo
    Kunun-zaki drink is a locally prepared indigenous non-alcoholic beverage that is widely produced and consumed in Nigeria. Standard microbiological methods were employed to isolate bacteria from Kunun-zaki drink sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Samples of Kunun-zaki drink were collected from ten (10) different locations and their bacteriological loads were determined in terms of total bacterial counts using standard methods involving pour plate. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates against some antibiotics was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The bacterial counts of the Kunun-zaki in the ten different locations range from 9.1×108 to 2.6×108 cfu/mL. Four species of bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods and these were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The most predominant isolate in terms of occurrence was Escherichia coli (100%) followed by Enterobacter aerogenes (70%), Staphylococcus areus (30%) and Streptococcus spp (10%). Escherichia coli showed high resistance to Chloramphenicol (75%), followed by Septrin (68.7%) and Sparfloxacin (68.7%), while Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus areus had low rates of resistance to all the antibiotics tested. E. coli had very sensitivity to Pefloxacin (100%), Gentamicin (88%), Amoxicillin (88%), Augmentin (75%), Tarivid (68.7%) and Streptomycin (68.7%). Streptococus spp are the most susceptible isolates which had 100% sensitivity to Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, Gentamicin and Pefloxacin respectively and this was followed by Staphylococcus areus which had 100% sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, Augmentin and Tarivid respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern exhibited by E. coli isolated from the Kunun-zaki sold in Keffi is indicative of possible abuse of the use of antibiotics and this has serious health implications. The results of this study demonstrate that Kunun-zaki sold in Keffi is contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria including antibiotic resistant E. coli and these may lead to failures in antibiotic chemotherapy among consumers of Kunun-zaki in the Keffi metropolis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Locally Processed Cow Milk Products Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2014-01-01) Makut, M.D.; Nyam, Mary Azumi; Amapu, Tarfena Yoila; Ahmed, Abbul-Mutalib,
    An investigation was conducted to determine the antibiogram of bacterial species isolated from locally processed cow milk products sold in Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Samples of the cow milk products, Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo, and Manshanu, were each collected in triplicates from ten different sales locations in Keffi, and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. Pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of bacteria from these cow milk products. The isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods, and thereafter the antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was determined by modified Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Bacterial counts for Raw milk, Nono, Kindrimo and Manshanu were respectively in the range of 3.2×108 - 6.9×108, 8.1× 108 - 2.70×109, 7.3×108 – 9.8.×109 and 5.8×108- 5.2×109. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp. and E. coli with overall occurrence frequencies of 50%, 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. E. coli was highly resistant to Septrin (80.2%), Sarfloxacin (75.3%) and Erythromycin (90.2%). Salmonella species was also highly resistant to Septrin (71.4%), Chloramphenicol (71.4%), Sparfloxacin (85.7%) and Erythromycin (71.4%). Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Septrin (75%), Chloramphenicol (75.4%), Sparfloxacin (87.5%), Amoxacillin (75.4%) and Augmentin (87.5%), while Streptococcus spp was highly resistant to Chloramphenicol (80.1%), Sparfloxacin (80.1%) and Augmentin (80%). These isolates may have developed resistance due to indiscriminate and frequent use of antibiotics which has now put the consumers of these milk products at risk of being infected with antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria.