Browsing by Author "Nwokocha, C.C."
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Item Open Access Effects of spent engine oil contamination on soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) in an Ultisol(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2017-05-14) Ahamefule, H.E.; Olaniyan, J.O.; Amana, Sani Mathew; Eifediyi, E.K.; Nwokocha, C.C.An experiment was conducted in the University of Nigeria Nsukka Teaching and Research Farm to determine the effect of spent auto-engine oil on soil and soybean in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Treatments were four levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 %) of spent auto-engine oil (SPO). Top soil samples were collected at 0, 12, 24 and 36 months and analyzed. Results indicated that infiltration rates in plots under 3 % SPO was reduced from 1.40 cm h-1 in control plots to the lowest value of 0.07 cm h-1 compared to 0.27 cm h-1 in 1 % treatment in the first 12 months. Plots contaminated with 3 % SPO gave the lowest Ks values of 6.29, 7.68 and 9.43 cm h-1 in the 12th, 24th and 36th months respectively. Data on plant samples showed that 2 % and 3 % SPO contaminations reduced soybean germination from 99 % (control) to 86 and 68 % respectively in the first cropping season whereas 1 % SPO was observed to significantly increase leaf area, dry matter content and grain yield from control values of 52.6 cm2, 3.01 t ha-1 and 0.72 t ha-1 to 54.5 cm2, 4.20 t ha-1 and 0.97 t ha-1 respectively. © JASEMItem Open Access Effluents in irrigation water: a case study of Asa River on farmlands in Ilorin, Nigeria(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-03-10) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Olaniyan, J.O.; Eifediyi, E.K.; Izuogu, B.N.; Amana, Sani Mathew; Nwokocha, C.C.; Ihem, E.; Taiwo, Ridwan; Fatola, F.O.; Babalola, M.J.Asa River is the most important river in Ilorin, serving, among other uses as source of water for irrigation of farmlands. On the other hand, wastes (likely containing salts) from industrial, domestic and agricultural origins are dumped into this river; therefore, the need arises to determine its salinity status and long term use implications on soil structural stability. During late rainy season (late October) of 2014 a study which comprised of two (2) factors laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) was conducted. Factors were source of irrigation water in Asa River and irrigation history (duration) of plots. Four (4) locations were selected. The irrigation history was 0, 10, 20 and 30 years. In each location four farmers plots with same irrigation history were selected and each replicated thrice. Results indicated that the electrical conductivity of the water used by various farmers for irrigation (0.069 – 0.20 dS/m) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) only at point 600 m downstream with value of 0.069 dS/m which falls within the non-saline range for river water. Varying the source of irrigation water resulted in significantly higher soil chemical (electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage) and structural (mean weight diameter, total porosity, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity) degradation in locations 200 m and 400 m downstream. Soil chemical and structural properties were significantly affected by irrigation history, its deterioration been higher in plots with irrigation history from 10-20 years. The results therefore suggest that the observed chemical and structural degradation is due to prolonged usage, especially during drier seasons when dilution effect is reduced.Item Open Access Prediction Models for Water Erosion Risk Management: A Review(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-05-21) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Fatola, F.O.; Olaniyan, J.O.; Amana, Sani Mathew; Eifediyi, E.K.; Ihem, E.; Nwokocha, C.C.; Adepoju, A.S.; Adepoju, I.O.; Babalola, M.J.In order to estimate the potential soil erosion hazard of an area, erosion prediction models are needed. Various models have been used by researchers, which ranges from mathematical and conceptual simple approaches to complex models that try to include the complexities of the real world. Six (6) models are reviewed in relation to their suitability for use. The KINEROS, CORINE and EUROSEM were best suited for water erosion risk prediction in cultivated soils. On the other hand, the KINEROS, PESERA, CORINE and EUROSEM were found to be applicable in all sectors (Agronomy, water resources management and road construction) highlighted. The GLASOD had the least applicability with respect to this study.Item Open Access RESPONSE OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) TO CHANGES IN HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF A SPENT CRANK-CASE OIL CONTAMINATED ULTISOL UNDER BIO-STIMULATION(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-12-20) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Obi, E. M.; Amana, Sani Mathew; Peter, P.C.; Eifediyi, E.K.; Nwokocha, C.C.A study was carried out (2007 - 2009) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Main plot treatments were 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3% spent crankcase oil (Sp) applied in a single dose at 0, 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. The sub-plot treatments were control (no amendment = NA), palm oil mill effluent (PE), oil palm bunch refuse (PR) and cassava peels (CS) applied at 12 Mg/ha each, per year. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot format in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Samples were collected from 0 – 20 cm soil depth at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months and analyzed for macro-porosity, micro-porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks).Cowpea was planted in three seasons to evaluate the phyto-toxicity of spent crank-case oil and soil quality following amendment. Results indicated a trend of decreasing macro-porosity values with increasing spent oil contamination with values in 3 % oil contaminated plots ranging from 7.5 – 14.0 % whereas in 0 % treated soils values ranged from 22.0 – 25.5 %. Micro-porosity increased with increase in rate of oil contamination, increasing from 31.0 % in untreated plots to 44.0 % in plots treated with 3 % spent crank-case oil in 36 months. Amendment of contaminated soils significantly increased macro-porosity whereas micro-porosity was reduced. The Ks of plots changed from rapid (> 25 cm h-1) to moderately rapid 'permeability' (< 6 cm h-1) following oil contamination. Phyto-toxicity test indicated that increasing the contamination of spent oil beyond 1 % led to a significant decline in the percent emergence of cowpea seeds. Emergence was reduced from 99 % in control soil to 78 and 71 % in 2 and 3 % spent crank-case oil treated soils respectively following oil contamination.Item Open Access Salinity Status of Osere River for Irrigation: Long Term Use Implication in Selected Farmers(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-03-29) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Taiwo, Ridwan; Amana, Sani Mathew; Eifediyi, E.K.; Ezuogu, Betsy; Ihem, E.; Nwokocha, C.C.; Yusuf, Abdulateef; Fatola, Fatai; Adepoju, S.Osere River is one of the important rivers that serves as a cheaper and easier disposal alternative to industries and at the same time a less expensive and dependable water supply to farmers for dry season vegetable production in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria. The edaphic aftermath of the use of its water for irrigation was investigated using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a two way factorial experiment. Factors comprised of fifty meter distance intervals (50 and 100 m) downstream and a control (50 m upstream) of a soap industry effluent discharge point and irrigation duration (0, 10, 20 and 30 years). River water samples indicated that the activities of the soap industry did not lead to its increased electrical conductivity (which signifies presence of dissolved salts and/or impurities), however soils under prolonged irrigation (up to 10 years) showed signs of salt induced structural deterioration (MWD). Farm soils 50 m downstream showed the lowest structural stability (MWD = 0.77 mm)and highest % silt of 21.2 whereas those located 100 m downstream indicated highest MWD of 1.10 mm. The consequent soil structural degradation was tied to elevated values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) following prolonged irrigationItem Open Access Salinity Status of Osere River for Irrigation: Long Term Use Implication in Selected Farmers’ Field in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-10-13) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Taiwo, Ridwan; Amana, Sani Mathew; Eifediyi, E.K.; Ezuogu, Betsy; Ihem, E.; Nwokocha, C.C.; Yusuf, Abdulateef; Fatola, Fatai; Adepoju, S.Osere River is one of the important rivers that serves as a cheaper and easier disposal alternative to industries and at the same time a less expensive and dependable water supply to farmers for dry season vegetable production in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria. The edaphic aftermath of the use of its water for irrigation was investigated using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a two way factorial experiment. Factors comprised of fifty meter distance intervals (50 and 100 m) downstream and a control (50 m upstream) of a soap industry effluent discharge point and irrigation duration (0, 10, 20 and 30 years). River water samples indicated that the activities of the soap industry did not lead to its increased electrical conductivity (which signifies presence of dissolved salts and/or impurities), however soils under prolonged irrigation (up to 10 years) showed signs of salt induced structural deterioration (MWD). Farm soils 50 m downstream showed the lowest structural stability (MWD = 0.77 mm)and highest % silt of 21.2 whereas those located 100 m downstream indicated highest MWD of 1.10 mm. The consequent soil structural degradation was tied to elevated values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) following prolonged irrigation.Item Open Access SPENT ENGINE OIL CONTAMINATION OF AN ULTISOL IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: COMPARATIVE EFFECTS ON TWO CROP SPECIES(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-12-23) Ahamefule, Henry Emeka; Obi, E. M.; Amana, Sani Mathew; Peter, P.C.; Eifediyi, E.K.; Nwokocha, C.C.Toxicity from spent engine oil contamination is a prevalent problem in Nigeria. Therefore a field investigation was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria to determine the effect of spent engine oil contaminated soil on growth and yield parameters of maize and cowpea. Post contamination sampling indicated that spent engine oil significantly (P < 0.05) increased total hydrocarbon content and bulk density from 825 mg kg-1 to a maximum of 25411 mg/kg and 1.50 g cm-3 to 1.68 g cm-3 respectively whereas soil water loss between 2 - 10 days after saturation was highest (40 %) in the first three months in 3 % spent engine oil contaminated. Germination was 32 % lower in maize than cowpea while spent engine oil had 29-folds more detrimental effects on leaf expansion of maize compared to cowpea. It was also observed that the dry matter content and grain yield of maize was more than 3 times and 2.5 times respectively, reduced compared to that of cowpea. It was concluded that spent engine oil had detrimental effects on soil physical properties and the test crops, however maize showed higher susceptibility compared to cowpea.