Browsing by Author "Nkene, I. H."
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Item Open Access ANTIBIOGRAM OF NON-SORBITOL FERMENTING ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES IN KEFFI, NIGERIA(Deepartment of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-01-01) Ngwai, Y. B.; Gyar, S. D.; Pennap, Grace Rinmecit; Makut, M.D.; Ishaleku, D.; Corosi, S. M.; Nkene, I. H.; Uzoamaka, N.Non-sorbitol fermenting Escherichia coli, particularly 0157:H7, are major public health concern. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify non-sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli from stool samples and food sources in Keffi metropolis. Four hundred and thirty (430) samples of vegetables (100), raw beef (110), undercooked beef (60), local fresh milk product ("Nono”: 50), cow dung (10) and human stool (100) were collected from five different locations in Keffi metropolis and NSF E. coli was isolated and confirmed by culture on Sorbitol MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue agar and biochemical tests namely, Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Poskauer and citrate test (IMViC). Antibiotics susceptibility tests using standard procedure were carried on the isolates. E. coli was detected in 298 (69.3%) samples. Of the positive samples, 64 (21.5%) were NSF E coli with high detection in raw beef (43.8%) and cow dung (40.0%); and 234 (78.5%) were sorbitol-fermenting (SF) strains with high detection in all sources. The NSF E. coli were highly susceptible to septrin (79.7%), peflacine (68.8%), streptomycin (71.9%), gentamicin (62.5%) and ofloxacin (70.3%); but less to ampicillin (12.5%), augmentin (32.8%), ceporex (32.8%), nalidixic acid (43.8%) and ciprofloxacin (48.4%). There were 46 different resistance phenotypes with AU, CPX, SXT, S, PN, CEP, OFX, NA, PEF; AU, CPX, PN, CEP, NA; AU, PN, CEP, NA, CN; PN, CEP, NA, CN; and CPX, PN, NA dominating at 4.7 % each. MAR was observed in all the isolates with resistance to 4 and 5 antibiotics being more frequent at 23.4% and 21.9% respectively. The lowest MAR index was 0.3. In conclusion, non-sorbitol fermenting E. coli was shown to contaminate some cabbage vegetables, raw beef, undercooked beef, and "Nono” consumed in Keffi metropolis. The NSF E. coli were more susceptible to septrin, aminoglycosides and ofloxacin; and originate from an environment where antimicrobials are freely available and misused. __ _Item Unknown Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli from Urine of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria(Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2019-08-22) Nkene, I. H.; Ngwai, Y. B.; Bassey, E.B.; Pennap, Grace Rinmecit; Makut, M.D.Aims: This study investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli from the urine of patients with suspected urinary tract infections in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample was obtained from the Federal Medical Center, Keffi and analyzed at Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, between January and April 2018. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty urine samples were collected and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for the isolates was carried out and interpreted as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: The occurrence of the bacterium was 12.9% (49/380). The occurrence in relation to the gender of the patients was higher in the female (15.5%) than the male (9.8%); in relation to age, it was highest at 11-20 years (23.5%) but lowest at > 50 years (2.3%). The isolates were more resistant to ampicillin (81.6%), streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprime (75.0%) but less resistant to gentamycin (30.6%), and imipenem (22.4%). The occurrences of different classes of resistance were multidrug resistance (MDR) (93.9%) and pan drug resistance (4.2%). Most of the isolates were more resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotic and were also MDR isolates. Conclusion: The need to review antibiotic use by the hospital is thus justified.Item Unknown Citric Acid Production using Induced Mutant Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori Isolated from Soil(Department of Microbiology, Nassarawa State University Keffi,, 2021-06-01) Ekeleme, I.K.; Makut, M.D.; Owuna, J. E.; Nkene, I. H.This study aimed at citric acid production using mutation induced Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori isolated from soil in Keffi, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from different location in Keffi. Aspergillus species were isolated and identify using standard microbiological method. Citric acid was produced using a batch fermentation system. Citric acid yield highest by A. awamori A1 was at 30OC with 4.23 mg/l and A. awamori A2 produced highest citric acid 30 OC with 3.93 mg/l whereas A. niger F4 yield highest at 26 OC with 5.03 mg/ml and . A. niger F5 yield the highest at 26OC with 5.75 mg/l. the yield of citric acid at different fermentation duration showed that A. awamori A1 highest after 120hrs with the 5.20 mg/l and A. awawori A2 yield highest after 120hrs with 6.00 mg/l while A. niger F4 yielded 6.09 mg/ml after 144hrs and A. niger F5 produced highest after 144hrs with 6.80 mg/ml. by A. awamori A1 yield highest 5.88 mg/ml at pH of 4.0 and A. awamori A2 produced highest also at pH of 4.0 with 5.84mg/ml. A. niger F4 yields the highest citric acid at pH of 4.5 with 4.99 mg/ml and A. niger F5 yield highest at pH of 4.5 with 7.14mg/ml. A. awamori yields highest at substrate concentrations of 125mg/l with 8.97mg/ml, A. awamori A2 yielded 8.80mg/ml in 150 mg/l substrate concentration while A. niger F4 produced highest in substrate concentration of 175 mg/l with 9.17mg/ml and A. niger F5 yielded highest in substrate concentration of 175 mg/l with 10.02 mg/ml. Strain development will play important role in citric acid and developing strains of Aspergillus species.Item Open Access MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS OF CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS FOR FECAL AND URINARY ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KEFFI, NIGERIA(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-02-01) Ngwai, Y.B.; Nkene, I. H.; Egan, C. A.; Osabo, P. P.; Envuladu, E. Y.Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) provides in-vitro justification for confirming antibiotic resistance strains. This study evaluated the MICs of cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and cefepime for Escherichia coli isolated from urine and stool of university students in Keffi. Eighty bacteria (thirty from urine, fifty from stool) were isolated and identified as E. coli from students by cultural, microscopic and biochemical methods. MICs were evaluated using macro-broth dilution method and breakpoint susceptibility interpreted as described by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) of the United States of America (USA). The isolates were also screened for carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The antibiotic susceptibility level and MIC for 50% of the isolates (MICso) from urine was: cephalexin (0% and 45.8 pg/ml), cefuroxime (0% and 64.0 pg/ml), ceftazidime (20% and 18.4 pg/ml) and cefepime (47% and 13.8 pg/ml). Fecal isolates had susceptibility and MICso os follows: cephalexin (8% and 34.2 pg/ml), cefuroxime (20% and 32.0 pg/ml), ceftazidime (32% and 8.0 pg/ml) and cefepime (46% and 4.8 pg/ml). With the exception of cefuroxime, the differences in MICso values of each cephalosporin antibiotics tested for urine and stool isolates were insignificant. For both urinary and faecal isolates, MIC for 90% of the isolates (MIC9Q) decreased in the order: cefepime < ceftazidime < cefuroxime and cephalexin. This study revealed high susceptibility pattern of urinary and faecal E. coli isolates from apparently healthy individual to a fourth generation cephalosporin cefepime. Furthermore, all isolates are potential carriers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases. Further investigation is required to confirm the isolates as ESBL carriers.