Browsing by Author "Musa, F.M."

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    PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A. CHEVALIERI HAMS (FABACEAE) STEM
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-01) Namadina, M.M.,; Idris, A. M.,; Sunusi, U.; Abdulrazak, M.H.; Musa, F.M.; Olaogun, O.N.; Balarabe, S.; Yakubu, N.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Et et.
    Albizia chevalieri Hams (Mimosaceae/Fabaceae), mostly found in the Northern Sahel Savannah region of Nigeria as well as in Nigér and Senegal is a tree of the acacia type with a long list of folklore therapeutic claims that include its use as purgative, taenicidal, cough remedy, dysentery, cancer, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and snake bite remedy. However, many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for dental infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy to this problem cannot be overemphasized. The stem was collected, dried and powdered. The powder was thereafter extracted with distilled water and subsequently with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and rate of killing respectively. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizia chevalieri stem revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition of 32 mm against S. mutans while methanol extract had higher zone of inhibition on S. aureus (24 mm). Low MIC and MBC values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained also provided scientific evidence for the use of A. chevalieri in folklore medicine in the treatment of tooth infections
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark and Root Extracts against Some Clinical Isolates of Respiratory Tract Infections
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-11) Namadina, M.M.; Idris, A.M.; Sunusi, U.; Abdulrazak, M.H.; Musa, F.M.; Olaogun, O.N.; Aminu, M.A.; Yakubu, N.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Et et.
    Respiratory tract infections continue to be the most frequent and important cause of short term illnesses that compel an individual to seek medical attention both in developing and developed world. It is typically the first infection to occur after birth. Many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy of this problem cannot be overemphasized. The methanol and aqueous extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root was carried out using cold maceration extraction method. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and rate of kill respectively. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition ranging from 17 mm – 23 mm and lower M.I.C and M.B.C values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml – 12.5 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root showed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. This study has justified the traditional use of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root in the treatment of respiratory tract infection caused by bacteria
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    Phytochemical, Antifungal and Acute Toxicity Studies of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc.Whole Plant Extracts
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-12) Namadina, M.M.; Mukhtar, A.U.; Musa, F.M.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Haruna, S.; Nuhu, Y.; Umar, A.M.
    Mitracarpus scaber have been reported in the treatment of various ailments such as ulcer, cancer, skin diseases etc. It is therefore important to investigate these plant parts to ascertain their therapeutic potentials. The Mitracarpus scaber whole plant was extracted with water and methanol, screened for their phytochemical properties and antifungal effects. The plant samples were also investigated for alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic contents using quantitative techniques. The antifungal activities of the plant samples were tested against Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum auduounii and Aspergillus flavus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the extracts were also determined. Flavonoid, steroid, triterpenes, tannins, carbohydrate, glycoside, phenols were detected in both extracts while anthraquinones was absent. Alkaloid was detected in the aqueous extract but absent in methanol extract. Quantitatively, the phenols (97.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected in the plant while the lowest was alkaloid (9.2 mg/g). Toxicity of the samples was expressed as LD50, it was found above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. Aqueous extract only showed inhibition on Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with no inhibition on Microsporum auduounii and Aspergillus flavus while ethanol extract only showed inhibition on Candida albicans with no inhibition on Microsporum auduounii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus flavus at the lowest concentration 12.5 mg/ml. The aqueous extract has MIC and MFC of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Thus, the traditional claims of the uses of the plants as antifungal agents were therefore supported.