NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma"

Browsing by Author "Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma"

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Open Access
THE 2007 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SURVIVAL OF NIGERIA’S FLEDGING DEMOCRACY
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2008-07-06) Erunke, Canice Esidence; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The controversies surrounding the Nigerian general elections in 2007 of utmost interest to these researchers. The paper examines the problems of credibility in the entire Nigerian political landscape with direct bearing on previous administration which does not allow for objective electoral exercise. The researchers contend that survival or failure of any political process depends to a large extent on the character of the leadership in his bid to make the nation diminish or propel it to greater heights. At the centre of discussion are all tendencies of corruption, prebendalism, god fatheri sm and lack of credibility and legitimacy in the election process in Nigeria. The paper also argues that electoral fraud in Nigeria has both horizontal and vertical implications on our national pride as a nation state. It is the researcher's suggestion that insulation of the judiciary from the Executive arm of government, formation of government of national unity, restrains on executive excesses are veritable tools for the growth, development and sustainability of future elections in Nigeria. The paper is designed to enhance further research.
Open Access
AFRICAN UNION AND AFRICAN PEER REVIEW MECHANISM: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-11-11) Shuaibu, Umar Abdul.; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
Over decades, Africa has been facing a lot of challenges such as war\ refuge problems, ethnic and religions violence, arson, electoral malpractice, socio-economic and political backwardness, poor political culture and bad leadership. These problems lead to the establishment of AU and African Peer Review Mechanism to address such challenges. However, the study stands to assess the overall impact of African Peer Review Mechanism on governance performance of African states. In view oj the above assertion, the researchers have employed qualitative method of research with secondary sources and content analysis technique for information gathering and data analysis respectively. The researchers also utilised theory of integration as the suitest and valuable theoretical underpinning that best explained the situation wider study. The study has found out that A frican stagnation, and indeed retrogression in the socio-economic cum political development spheres can be largely attributed to the steady poor governance experienced by many African states. The study has recommended that the success of APRM is premised on the involvement of African citizens and the resolution of many questions as single out in the APRM accord such as electoral democray and human rights violations in African countries.
Open Access
Almajiri Model Scliool System and die Problematic of Implementation
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-04-08) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The new “Almajiri” model school system is a step forward in the Nigerian quest to solve the abuse of the traditional 'Almajiri' system wherethere are no checks and balances. But it should be understood that the traditional “Almajiri” system has come a long way. A millennia-old tradition cannot be transformed with the wave of hand or a passionateupsurge akin to the ones Nigerian government established. All the stake holders have to be more pragmatic and realistic. Doing so entails understanding the psychology and motivations of the parties involved, the parents, the mallams and the students (the almajirai). The programme must appeal to their level and relate with their world view and perception.There are different lenses through which people perceive the world. To an average father that sends his child to 'Almajiranci' he is of thespiritual belief that he is observing a religious obligatory duty (whatever that means). The task then is to convince him that observing a religious obligatory duty is not mutually exclusive from a temporal quest. Unfortunately, most of the people involved in addressing the 'Almajiri' system (the government and private individual, analyst) come with a mind-set that dealt only into the material benefit of abolishing the system, at the expense of the spiritual and psychological means. Unless and until the campaign hinge on the spiritual and religious belief, this useful though will move to Bermuda triangle like other laudable policies. We must exercise reasonable care, patience and perseverance for the programme to succeed. By exercising reasonable care we can prevent this useful children from becoming destructive giants.
Open Access
An Assessment of National Policy on Technology Incubation and Skill Acquisition in Nigeria (2013 - 2018)
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-12-12) Zakari, Musa; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Ohiani, Bello
The study examined the effect of National Policy on Technology Incubation on Skill Acquisition in Nigeria (2013 - 2018). This study adopts both survey and documentary research design. A total of 368 respondents were purposively selected from incubatees (entrepreneurs) of Technology Incubation Centres (TICs). The study used both primary and secondary method of data collection. The primary data was generated through the instrument of structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Secondary data were obtained from existing research and officials documents. Data collected from primary source were presented using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages. Inferential statistical techniques such as multiple regression analysis statistical technique was use to test research hypothesis. Triple helix model of innovation was adopted as theoretical framework. Findings from the study shows that National Policy on Technology Incubation has aided skill acquisition, but little effect on technology development in Nigeria. This is due to the inability of the current technology incubation centres to admit high level invention as a result of pooi equipped modern technology facilities at most of the centres. The study lecommends among other thing, the need for the federal government to sustain its efforts of promoting skill acquisition in order to reduce the rate of unemployment in the country. And also, the government should encourage private incubators through public-private partnership in order to achieve objectives of the programme.
Open Access
AN ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University keffi, 2018-09-09) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Abdullahi, Mohammed Abdul; Maiwada, Muktar
This study is aimed at assessing service delivery in Keffi Local Government Area, of Nasarawa State with the view to providing solutions to the challenges of effective. The problem of the study is that experience in Nasarawa state has shown that people at the grassroots have suffered age-long neglect from the Local Government administration and also the inability of Local Government Authorities to deliver services in areas of provision of socio-economic facilities and Agricultural extension service.. The effects are that the people wallow in extreme poverty, hunger and disease. The paper adopts quantitative-descriptive method of data collection and analysis from the various scholars. Also the paper adopts service delivery theory as theoretical framework. It is against this problem that the paper attempts to x-ray the role of Local Government in Providing Service Delivery in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasaraiva State muF recommends: that Concerted efforts should be made by Nasaraiva State Government and Keffi Locar Government authorities in the provision of basic socio-economic facilities to members of their community in order to ease their suffering and improve their standard of living. Agriculture is a very important sector of the economy that cannot be neglected by any responsible government. The local authorities im Nasarawa state and Keffi L.G.A should focus more in the delivery of service in the Agriculture extension service. Service delivery at the local government level is for the people at the grassroots, there is in need tcm involve them in government programmes and actions always.
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF THE SECURITY POLICIES ADOPTED BY THE MILITARY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST BOKO-HARAM INSURGENCY IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-12-12) Oluwatosin, Adetuberu Adedoyin; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The studies on Boko Haram insurgency have witnessed a number of contentious debates. Numbers of scholars and commentators have written a lot of thoughtful and dispassionate pieces about Boko Haram insurgency across most parts of the world. Yet, none from the researchers’ investigation has taken cognisance of the security policies adopted by the military in the fight against Boko-Haram insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria. This gap identified in extant literature has greatly constituted a problematique that inform this study. The study examines security policies adopted by the military in the fight against Boko-Haram insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria. Securitization theory was utilized as theoretical framework for the study. Information was sourced through the use of interview. Data from extant literatures was equally used. The study observed that there are no purely military solutions to pulling a nation or region out of the death spiral of violent extremism. There is a need to abandon the conventional military-centric approach as the one and only option for insurgency and other asymmetric conflicts. While not ignoring the importance of using military force, stability, political-economic-social development, rule of law, popular well-being, and sustainable peace all depend on effective and legitimate control of the national territory. Thus, a military-centric approach must be balanced with a population-centric approach for maximum effect and legitimacy. Therefore, the study strongly recommends that counterinsurgency should not be seen as a blunt military effort that focuses solely on capturing and killing high value targets. An important part of counterinsurgency in Nigeria demands a greater reliance on non-military force. Exercise of military power should be used to create the space for political progress, Whiletackling armed insurgents, increasing efforts should also be channeled to economic, social and infrastructural development in the affected areas, in the bid to win the hearts and minds of the local people.
Open Access
Assessment of the Security Policies Adopted by the Military in the Fight Against Boka-Haram Insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-12-12) Oluwatosin, Adetuberu Adedoyin; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Luka, Ruth Caleb
he studies on Boko Haram insurgency have witnessed a number of contentious debates. Numbers of scholars and commentators have written a lot of thoughtful and dispassionate pieces about Boko Haram insurgency across most parts of the world. Yet, none from the researchers' investigation has taken cognisance of the security policies adopted by the military in the fight against Boko-Haram insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria. This gap identified in extant literature has greatly constituted a problematique that informs this study, study examines security policies adopted by the military in the fight against Boko-Haram insurgency in North- Eastern Nigeria. Securitization theory was utilized as theoretical framework for the study. Information was sourced through the use of interviews. Data from extant literature was equally used. The study observed that there are no purely military solutions to pulling a nation or region out of the death spiral of violent extremism. There is a need to abandon the conventional military-centric approach as the one and only option for insurgency and other asymmetric conflicts. While not ignoring the importance of using military force, stability, political- economic-social development, rule of law, popular well-being, and sustainable peace all depend on effective and legitimate control of the national territory. Thus, a military-centric approach must be balanced with a population-centric approach for maximum effect and legitimacy. Therefore, the study strongly recommends that counterinsurgency should not be seen as a blunt military effort that focuses solely on capturing and killing high value targets. An important part of counterinsurgency in Nigeria demands a greater reliance on non military force. Exercise of military power should be used to create the space for political progress. While tackling armed insurgents, increasing efforts should also be channeled to economic, social and infrastructural development in the affected areas, in the bid to win the hearts and minds of the local people.
Open Access
The Challenges and Impact of Economic Empowerment Programmes on Poverty Reduction in Jigawa State
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-12-12) Wilson, Simon Okoli; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Adebanjoko, Angela
More than two third of the world’s population are said to be living in abject poverty, majority of whom are residing in Sub-Saharan African continent. This alarming statistics is clearly displayed in myriads of challenges posed by poverty which includes lack of basic food, access to clean and portable drinking water, sanitation, Aids epidemic, high rate of infant and maternal mortality, crimes among many others are the order of the day. These challenges of poverty have dominated this discussion of policy analysts and governments worlds over. The comity of nations in its response to the problem of poverty came up with millennium development framework to address the problem poverty. Nigeria adopted this approach in its enunciation of several poverty reduction programmes which became the prototype upon which the Jigawa State government used to launch its version of Economic Empowerment Strategy to reduce poverty most expecially among rural dwellers. This study attempts to identify the origin and causes of Poverty in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary sources of investigation were used for the research.The study also adopted the elite’s theory as theoretical framework.The theory identified the critical role played by the elites that has consistently amounted for the reasons for failures of poverty reduction programmes in Nigeria and Jigawa State in particular. The study observed that until politicization of poverty reduction programmes and proper consultations with the beneficiaries of these programmes are addressed to pave way for all-inclusiveness of the beneficiaries of poverty reduction programmes; the end to poverty is nowhere in sight.
Open Access
CHALLENGES OF GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC REFORM POLICY ON TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN KADUNA STATE
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-10-10) Arima, Monday; Yahaya, Abdullahi Adadu; Ajeh, Philip; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The paper examined the problems faced by textile industry in Kaduna State since the democratic dispensation of government spamming the period 1999-2021. Challenges that affected the local textile production were identified and discussed. These problems include globalization oj textile goods, smuggling of textile goods, unfavorable economic policies, inadequate power supply, financial challenge and inadequate textile materials e.t.c. Also, the article identified some reforms measures taken by past administrations to reviving the ailing textile industiy. The sources of data for the study are mainly secondary (quantitative method) and dependency and liberal economic theories were adopted to explain how developed capitalist helped in underdeveloped textile factories in Kaduna State. The article also used quantitative method .The paper revealed that textile factories in Kaduna State has the potentialities to contribute profitably to human capacity development, revenue generation and to sustain National economy The paper recommends that for textile industiy in Kaduna to resume back to business, government should provide grants immediately to farmers to start cotton production, power sector should be restructure to ensure 24 hours supply, re-introduction of measures to regulate the importation of foreign textile goods, Nigeria Custom Sen'ice should re-double her efforts in curtailing of smuggling of textile goods in to the country and lastly, sound industrial policies should be formulates and implements by government of the day.
Open Access
Cultural Beliefs and the Challenges of Women Participation in Nigerian Politics
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2017-01-07) Abdullahi, Mohammed Abdul; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Ibrahim, Aminu
This paper interrogates the implication of the cultural beliefs that men are naturally superior to women which enhances the chances of male domination over female. To achieve this, secondary sources of data were used and cultural theory o; politics was use as a theoretical underpinning to investigate,,ine root causes of the issue. The paper found that patriarchy and ideological belief that women are inferior has no justification and goes contrary to reality. In general, it is obvious from the study that, adequate women political participation cannot be realized only through targeted projects, affirmative action and enactment of discrimination laws that seek to place women in leadership positions. Women political empowerment must not be reduced to measuring the number of women in the legislature or the ministerial appointment. But the society must uncover the hidden biases and practices that limit women's ability to enjoy equal rights and opportunities as well as find the most culturally appropriate means to support women's capacities to drive social change in the society. The paper recommends that real change may not be possible without a change in the cultural and structural formation of a society. This change, to a larger extent, could be achieved through the practice of effective communication which is a tool for conscientization and radical social action.
Open Access
Cultural Beliefs and the Challenges of Women Political Participation in Nigeria
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-01-09) Abdullahi, Mohammed Abdul; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Ibrahim, Aminu
'ibis paper interrogates the implication of the cultural beliefs that men arc naturally superior to women which enhances the chances of male domination over female: To achieve this, secondary sources of data were used and cultural theory of politics was use as a theoretical underpinning to investigate the root causes of the issue. The paper found out that patriarchy and ideological belief that women are inferior has no justification and goes contrary to reality. In general, it is obvious from the study that, adequate women political participation cannot be realized only through targeted projects, affirmative action and enactment of discrimination laws that seek to place women in leadership positions. Women political empowerment must not be reduced to measuring the number of women in the legislature or the ministerial appointment. But the society must uncover the hidden biases and practices that limit women’s ability to enjoy equal rights and opportunities as well as find the most culturally appropriate means to support women’s capacities to drive social change in the society. The paper recommends that Real change may not be possible without a change in the cultural and structural formation of a society. 'Ibis change, to a larger extent, could be achieved through the practice of effective communication which is a tool for conscicntization and radical social action.
Open Access
DEMOCRACY AND INSURGENCY IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: AN OLD PROBLEM TAKING A NEW DIMENSION
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2013-04-04) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
Open Access
DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL SECURITY DILEMMA IN THE NIGERIAN FOURTH REPUBLIC
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-01-05) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
Democracy and national security dilemma is a paper, which exposes the problem of security in Nigerian democratic experiments, which since May 1999 has turn communities who have been living together over century into violent contestation, and circle of blood letting. This paper discuses the various modes of insecurities engulfing the citizens in virtually all the nooks and crannies of the country. It examines causes and implication on the sustenance of democracy in Nigeria. The author has found out that the tragedy of Nigerian insecurity is intricately related to the action or in action of the state. The state is largely irrelevant to the lives of majority of its citizens with little material benefits, mass unemployment, lack of basic need and aspiration forcing people to traditional safety need including reliance on religion and ethnic group, in desperation the victimized citizens take law in to their own hand as a means of safeguarding their fundamental values from the threat of unacceptable government policies. The ensuing relationship becomes violent prone. The paper argues that unless the policy makers appreciate the values and ethics of democracy in practice peace will remain a mirage in Nigeria.
Open Access
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND DELIVERY OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF WATER AND SANITATION
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2010-04-06) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The principles of democracy and social justice demand that the legitimacy of a popularly elected government, rest on a claim to represent the desires of its citizens; to guarantee the majority of the citizens decent living standard. In line with the above principles, the policy directions and documents were produced such as the NEEDS, SEEDS and LEEDS to ensure good governance, which is expected to enhance water supply and sanitation. Taking cognizance of the above fact, the Nigerian democratic government articulated, “National rural water supply and sanitation programme” to cater for the needs of rural communities. This programme is composed of key components of hygiene promotion and education, sanitation and water supply encompassing: Government; ESAs, and private sector/NGO programmes. However, it has been observed that departs government effort at providing adequate water supply, the water coverage in the country appears to be decreasing and deteriorating. This is a result of enormous socio-economic rate of development, which far outstrips the level of water supply development, low investment level in operation and maintenance, which accounts for frequent break down of the production facilities and the lack of the proper management of the nation’s water resources to improve livelihood. This raise the question of, what government at all levels are doing or failed to do to alleviate the situation of about 71% of those living in rural communities that have no access to safe water supply or adequate sanitation. Consequently, the lack of clean water and poor sanitation contributes to poverty because of the resultant disease burden, negative impact on human capital development and ultimately restriction on production. Five decades since independence in 1960, rural water supply and sanitation development in Nigeria has proceeded inconsistently. It suffered from poor coordination, lack of clear policy direction, lack of focus in terms of the rural population with safe water and improved sanitation services. In all, inadequate drinking water and sanitation services rob poor families of opportunities to comfortable life. Inspite of the fact that Nigeria is one of the signatories to the United Nations International drinking water to all citizen of the country between 2000 and 2015 the road ahead to achieve the target is elusive.
Open Access
Democratic Governance and Human Right in Nigeria
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2017-07-07) Sani, Bako Muhammad; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
Treatises on democratic governance and human rights have become a complex issue in contemporary politicking leading to a global democratic change that swept across all boundaries. Nigeria like many other developing countries struggled to abandon military rule for democracy. The seventeen years of Fourth Republic democratic experiment in Nigeria have been characterized with adversities of good democratic governance. Several efforts made to consolidate democratic governance and human rights in the country were faced with daunting challenges. Amidst this trajectory and concerns, is the clamour for recognition and observance of human rights. The paper critically investigates this situation and assesses the challenges associating the quest for effective democratic governance and human right in the country within the era of global democratic change. The paper argued that human rights are inextricably linked with democratic governance. They both require that people be aware of their rights and duties, that appropriate institutional arrangements facilitate their realization and that a democratic civic culture have a role in both issues of national importance and those of everyday life. The paper emphasize on restructuring attitudes, institutions and resources towards the principles of democratic governance and human rights protection.
Open Access
Democratic Governance and the Challenges of Nation Building in Nigeria
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2010-02-03) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Shuaibu, Umar Abdul.
Nigeria is not the only plural country in the world but an amalgam of rival ethnic groups pitched against each other in a contest for power and resources that have reflected in the political processes, sometimes threatening the corporate existence • and unity of the country. The inability of Leadership of the country to manage the internal crisis and failure to cure ethnic Chauvinism and Particularism in the Process of Nation Building has made her future bleak, blurred and precarious. The opening up of the political space in 1999 has led to the m-rush of political forces that are as heterogeneous as they are complex. A new political elite and a generation of politicians mainly nurtured during the military era, with little or no experience in democratic norms and values. Political parties that are fast tracked into existence within shorter period without solid grassroots participation or any clear vision of what to do after elections are so prevalent. Political entrepreneurs and “new breed" politicians seeking to expand patrimonial networks and protect vested interests from being eroded by democratic principles ambush the political process and high-jacked political power. Thus, the character of the state has become parasitic and distortionary without adequate mechanism of uniting the divergent interest. This in turn makes the quest for nation building and development stunted, halted and blotted. It is evidently clear that any claim of democratic project without adequate mechanisms to address the problem of nation Building will only be cosmetics, unrealistic, ephemeral and a journey in self- deceit.
Open Access
Drugs and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria: Youth and Adolescents Obsession
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-03-10) Abdullahi, Mohammed Abdul; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma; Maiwada, Muktar
Drug abuse remains the major risk behaviour among youth and adolescents, with physical and mental health snags. Despite the known risks, drugs abuse is a risk factor associated with adolescents continue using these drugs. This paper reveals the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescent's youth in Nigeria, problems associated with drugs abuse and reasons why adolescents are vulnerable to drugs abuse. The paper used secondary method of data collection. Therefore, the study fine out that drug abuse causes a lot of risk among the adolescents; it results to gang formation, armed robbery, mental illness and cultism. Studies revealed that most of the drug addicts started smoking from their young age. As they grow older, they seek new thrills and gradually go into hard drugs. There was an indication that 65 percent of high school students used drugs to have good time, 54 percent wanted to experiment to see what it is like, 20-40 percent used it to alter their moods. The study therefore, recommend that Parents should sincerely re-orient their children on the dangers of drug abuse on their health and others, since charity, they say begin at home. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency must also intensify their anti-drug campaigns in order to have a drug free society with a special focus on the youth's and adolescents. The Ministry of Education (Federal and State) must add to their curricular a Drug-Education for both the primary and post primary schools, along with lectures, seminars, rallies, and film shows for the youth's and adolescents on the adverse effects of drug abuse.
Open Access
Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement and Human Security in Nigeria
(2022-09-03) Idenyi, Attu Millie; Yahaya, Abdullahi Adadu; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The treaty establishing the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was signed in Lagos on the 28th of May 1975. Article 27 objective of the treaty is to establish a borderless region and common citizenship in West Africa. A key objective of the treaty is to remove obstacles affecting the protocol on the free movement of persons, residents, and establishments in the sub-region. This study seeks to identify the obstacles hindering the full implementation of the protocol. Furthermore, it also seeks to find out how ECOWAS has been able to mitigate this obstacle to achieve the objectives of this paper, the study utilized secondary data using the documentary research method. The Human Security theory was used to explain how the analysis ECOWAS protocol on the free movement of persons has affected Nigerian citizens. Findings show that their COWAS protocol on free movement is to promote regional movement of persons, trade, and economic activities, but this protocol has done more harm than good to Nigerians most especially farmers in rural communities, and this has caused serious setbacks to human security in Nigeria. The implementation of the COWAS protocol on the free movement of persons from order African countries has influenced the farmer-herders clash that Nigeria is facing. Cultural barriers, lack of education, foreign policy of member states, inadequate colonial heritage and historical antecedent economic condition of member states, and threats to national security such as that illicit drug trafficking, money laundering, violent crimes, internet fraud, human trafficking, terrorism, and the proliferation of Small Arms weapons, are the major factors hindering ECOWAS protocol the on the free movement of persons which has affected Human security in Nigeria from. It, therefore, recommends among other measures, that the Nigerian government through the ministry of Agriculture should engage the farmers in the rural community and identify the root causes that bother their Human security implementation of ECOWAS protocol and free movement of persons through the ECOWAS secretariat should be reviewed.
Open Access
ECOWAS PROTOCOL ON THE FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND TRANS-BORDER SECURITY CHALLENGES IN WEST AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-01-06) Idenyi, Attu Millie; Yahaya, Abdullahi Adadu; Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The study evaluates the nexus between ECOWAS protocol on the free movement of goods and persons and trans-border security challenges in West Africa with a focus on Nigeria. The inter-governmental theory was utilized as a framework for analysis. Documentary method was used to generate necessary information from secondary sources, including textbooks, newspapers, and online journal publications. With the use of descriptive research design, the study observed that even though the protocol may have been intended to generate and increase economic activities among member citizens, criminal elements and some residents of border communities have exploited the plethora of loopholes in the treaty to commit crimes that threaten Nigeria's national security. The study also noted that national interest is the pull for action rather than the collective interest objective the Protocol seeks to achieve. Based on findings, the study makes a case for a review of the ECOWAs treaty on free movement of goods and capital in view of the evolving issues and pertinent changes in the international system.
Open Access
EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATE SYNDROME IN NIGERIA: AN IMPLICATION ON THE QUALITY OF NIGERIAN GRADUATES
(Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-12-12) Muhammad, Bello Baban'umma
The Nigerian education sector has witnessed tremendous transformation over the years from small-scale missionary venture to post colonial enterprises. The policy changed from 7-5-4 in the 70's to 6-3-3-4 in the 80's and now 9-3-4 system. Today, education institutions (primary, secondary and tertiary) could be found in every nooks and crannies of the country. In the early 80's some higher institutions in Nigeria had distinguished themselves at international standard. The quality of education was high and employers used to troop into campuses to recruit work force for their workforce. When the society became materialistic in the 90s coupled with outright neglect of the sector, the value orientation change from acquisition of knowledge to certification as a meal ticket, the various achievements disappeared. The current situation is such that the employers of labour believe that Nigerian graduates are poorly trained and unfit for the job demand. The country is producing fewer leaders, managers, teachers and other professionals but mass-production of miscreants, soma, the disaffected and the rejected; the misdirected, the unlearned, the wrong and the hopeless. The paper recommended that unless there is value re-orientation of all and sundry in the sector, achieving vision 2020 through, the instrumentality of education is a mere illusion.