NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Makpo, James Kpuk"

Browsing by Author "Makpo, James Kpuk"

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Open Access
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN SOIL AFFECTED BY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM MECHANIC VILLAGE IN KEFFI NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Geography, Nasarawa State State University Keffi, 2019-03-06) Makpo, James Kpuk; Asarya, A.; Muhammad, A.
This paper discussed soil properties, heavy metals and their concentration in the soil samples from two selected areas of auto mechanic workshops and the University campus at a depth of 0-15cm. 5g of soil from each of the four samples collected, was crushed with mortar and pestle and diluted into liquid with HNO3 & HCI using X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The result revealed the control soil had more sand percentage of (67%) and moisture (5.30%) than the affected soil and other physicochemical properties higher in the affected soil sample than the control soils sample. pH'(H20) (6.6), pH (CaCI2) (5.7) CEC (9.1 mol/kg), OM, (5.6%), Clay (3.97), PSD (7.2 mg/kg). Concentration of heavy metals revealed that Si (12423.707), Al (8855.606), Mg (4405.253), Ca (1777.265) & ti (1794.039) were in the control sample. In the affected sample, Fe (4837.824±), P (268.227j, Cl (133.350), Ni (10.576), Cu (10.938), Co (21.307), Zn (129.885), Mn (141.365), Sr (3598.444) & S (1413.349). The high concentration of heavy metals jn the mechanic village will adversely affect the plants and animals in the area. It carf'^isp!-.result in damage of nervous system, kidney, skin irritation and hypertension:’"It was'''recommended that substances containing heavy metals should not be disposed in farm lands or any dumpsites close to residential areas.
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2019-08-08) Makpo, James Kpuk; Ameh, S.M.; Gambo, Y.P.
This work assessed the presence of heavy metals in water contaminated with petroleum products in Keffi Local Government Area. Two water sampling stations were selected based on the stratified method of sampling of Antau River. Station A was located along Federal Government College Keffi popularly known as Antau Bridge where Agricultural and mechanical activities, with sales of petroleum product took place. Station B was located at Dadin-Kowa known as Gadamanu where human activities such as bathing and washing took place which served as control. The distance between stations is 1km. The procedural plan of this study was monthly sampling of water from both Stations. Materials such as funnel, sampling container, distilled water, conical flask, filter paper, 50ml polypropylene centrifuge tube, cooler were used. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using X - ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy (XRF) at the Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahrnadu Bello University Zaria. The water parameters of the four samples were determined using the Extech instrument. The result on Physico - chemical parameters revealed the values obtained from contaminated water samples to be pH (7.31), Dissolved Oxygen (1.14), Electrical Conductivity (8.22), Total Dissolved Solid (4.13), Temperature (27.45) and Salinity (0.091) while the controlled Station at point B were pH (7.43), DO (7.35), EC (3.14), TDS (1.54), Temperature (26.75), Salinity (0.094) respectively. From the result obtained, the heavy metal contaminated samples had the following values: Mg (29.3ldb), A1 (218.69±), Si (230.12±), S (1153.65±), Cl (54.25±), Ca (106.56±), Ti (23.66±), Cr (3.15±), Fe (15.92±), Cd (7.54±). For the control sample at point B, the following values were obtained: Mg (27.49±), A1 (223.71±), Si (243.21±), S (94.84±), Cl (23.52±), Ca (28.44±), Ti (32.99±), Fe (16.63±), Cd (7.67±) respectively. The P-value was 0.8105 (p>0.05) for the water quality parameters while for the concentration of heavy metal P-value was 0.2054 (p>0.05), which indicated a non significant difference between the concentrations of elements. However, the concentration values of heavy metals in the contaminated water at Station A and control water samples at Station B were higher than the World Health Organization values (Standard) for drinking water
Open Access
DETERIORATION OF CD4 T-CELLS IN HIV/AIDS INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH PATHOGENIC MICROSPORIDIUM IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-05-13) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I.
Preliminary survey in Benue State shows that 96 HIV/AIDS individuals were infected with pathogenic microsporidium. 966, 42 (4.3%) males CD., T-cells count were <335 cell/pl, and in the female category 1042, 54 (5.2%) CDj T-celis were <320 cell/pl at the first C04 pathogenic microsporidium in M1V/A1DS individuals was observed as a leading-cause of diarrhea, and a fall in the CD4 T-cells count after 90 days • of re-evaluation. Among the age group of 30-39 years, the CD4 cells count gradually deteriorate to <200 cell/pl indicating high risk to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic• infections. However, there was a significant relationship among sexes given that, Z=1.039<±1.96 in other words, microsporidium was solely depended on age which shows no significant relationship among the age groups count. The strain of ; (x2=7.815>0.05).
Open Access
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IN BODNA RIVER IN KWALI, ABUJA
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2020-06-22) Sani, Bilkisu Mohammed; Banyigyi, A.H.; Makpo, James Kpuk
Rivers are vital and vulnerable freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of all life. The Bodna River was analyzed for the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton species. The main aim of the study was to.determine the presence of phytoplankton distribution and effects of human activities on the biological properties of the river, to further enhance conservation and management. Samples were collected insitu from the four sampling stations using plankton net of mesh size 50 pm. The water sample was concentrated to 100ml level into phytoplankton bottle,lml of Lugol solution was added and allowed to sediment for 24 hours. 91 ml of the water sample decanted and left with 10ml of the sample used for species count with drop count method. Descriptive analysis of bar charts and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the percentage abundance of phytoplankton. The result showed phytoplankton.
Open Access
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SOME ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES IN NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY STREAMS, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2021-07-06) Asarya, A.; Makpo, James Kpuk; Banyigyi, A.H.; Idowu, R.T.
The study on Zoological Garden and Cross-three streams in Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria focused on the distribution and abundance of some zooplankton species. Zooplanktons were sampled with improvised fabricated 30cm diameter cylindrical scooper net with attached mesh size of 96pm from the surface of the stream due to the shallowness of the sampling sites and less water volume. There were three major phyla with 12 species of zooplankton found in the two university streams which include Arthropoda, Cilliophora and Rotifera. The phylum Arthropoda has the highest relative abundance with ten (10) species which include; Gammarus fasciatus, Gnathophausia zoea, Cala nus cyclops, Cyclops serrulatus, Harpacticella jejuensis, Corycaeus affinis, Eresia nauplis, Calais parreysii, the order Cladocera of phylum Arthropoda has two species Moinabra chiata and Daphnia pulex while the phylum Cilliophora and Rotifera have one (1) species Euchlanis contorta and Vorticella convallaria respectively. The Station variation of zooplankton distribution was observed to be higher in station I of Zoological Garden stream with 290 (36.9%) followed by station III of Cross-three stream with 289 (29.1%) while stations II and IV recorded 242 and 228 representing 18.5% and 15.5% respectively. The seasonal distribution was high in the raining season with total of 563 representing 52.7% while dry season distribution recorded 468 representing 47.3%. The distribution and abundance of zooplankton of the two university streams (Zoological Garden and Cross-three) shows some relationship between the zooplanktons and the seasons. Higher number recorded during the raining season may be attributed to the volume of the water in the two streams. The finding of this study is therefore helpful to the communities around the streams as the water is relatively safe for domestic use and aquatic life, environmental auditing which involves self-regulation should be encouraged as an overall environmental management policy.
Open Access
The effect of temperature on the survival of Simulium hargreavesi larvae reared in the laboratory
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2008-06-05) Makpo, James Kpuk; Amuga, G.A.
The performance of Stmuhum hargreasvesi larvae with regards to pupation success and pupal emergence at rwo temperatui e regimes were investigated. S. hargreavesi larvae showed better success a? the higher temperature of 2d ”C with a mean percentage pupation index of 30.0 and a mean percentage survival index of 619.5 The mean percentage pupation index at 19 °C was 21.7 with a mean survival index Of 511.2 suggesting that high temperatures favour survival and pupation. It is therefore apparent here that high temperature ana flow rates favour the development of the blackfly larvae in the laboratory. These observations can be useful in developing fly control strategies in Africa.
Open Access
ENGINE OIL: THE SUBTLE AND SILENT KILLER
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2021-08-08) Makpo, James Kpuk
Open Access
Estimation of Broad Sense Heritability, Phenotypic and Genotypic Variances among Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes in Keffi, Nasarawa State
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-05-26) Cheka, B.C,; Banyingyi, H.A,; Okunsebor, S.A,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Oniye, S.J
The knowledge of some quantitative aspects of fish such as length-weight relationship and condition factor, serve as important tools For the study of fishery biology. The fish samples were purchased from the landings of fishcrfolks of River Uke using fishing gears such as cast nets, traps, hook and line. These were carried out during the rainy and diy seasons for three times monthly from March to August 2017. The total length and weight of the 219 Barbus occidentalis obtained from River Uke were recorded as follows; the weight of Barbus occidentalis sampled ranged from l5.0-996.9g and was determined to the nearest O.lg with the aid of electronic weighing balance model BL20001. The total length, 10.7-43.5cm was recorded using meter rule to the nearest 0.1cm. The length and weight relationship of Barbus occidentalis showed positive correlation (r=0.858) in both sexes. The regression exponent (b<3) showed negative allometric growth pattern. The mean condition factor (K) was (1.0645) in both sexes which showed that the condition and the well being of Barbus occidentalis were good in River Uke. This may be attributed to the availability of food materials and good physicochemical parameters of The River.
Open Access
THE FECUNDITY AND PREFERRED BREEDING PERIOD OF THE AFRICAN CLAWED TOAD Xenopus laevis FROM ROCKWATER FISH FARM, JOS PLATEAU STATE
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2005-01-06) Makpo, James Kpuk
The preferred breeding period and fecundity of Xenopus laevis sampled from Rockwater fish farm were studied within ten months. The analysis of gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed peak gonadal activity in August for males (1.51) and November for females (15.0). The number of eggs produced per female organism increases with body mass. Large individuals produced as much as 6,000 eggs. The length-weight correlation coefficients of males (r = 0.105) and females (r= 0.089) were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The influences of temperature and rainfall on the reproductive cycle are also discussed as well as the effect of water depth.
Open Access
THE FOOD AND FEEDING HABIT OF THE AFRICAN CLAWED TOAD, (Xenopus laevis) IN ROGKWATER: FISH FARM, JOS, PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2005-01-06) Makpo, James Kpuk
The food and feeding habitat of the African Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis collected from Rockwater fish farm Rayfield, Jos Plateau state were Investigated over a ten month period. The range of food consumed does not differ significantly within the month of the study period (P>0.05);. The relative abundance of a given prey population altered.the^dlet composition of X. laevis. There was no significant change in mean condition factor v/ith age.- Computed 'values of correlation coefficients of length against weight indicates a highly significant correlation in females (r= 0. 897) and some level of significance in males (r= 0.105).:
Open Access
GILLS AND INTESTINAL PARASITES OF MORMYRUS RUME AT UKE RIYER, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Geography, Nasarawa State State University Keffi, 2020-01-06) Banyigyi, A.H.; Akpanwa, Y.R.; Makpo, James Kpuk; Ameh, S.M.
30004 and farm *51 are potential host of various parasitic species that cause grater mortalities. The normal of fish is affected by the parasites that lives on the fish if highly infested, Mormyrus mme are increasingly becoming important in the aquarium business and aquaculture, thus the need arises for a better knowledge about the nature and control of parasites affecting them. Total of one hundred and ten (110ر samples of different sizes of Mormyrus هاذا were collected at different dates at Uke River. Kam Local Govermneni Area of Nasarawa State between July and September2O19 from local fishermen. The fish were transported in a cooler containing ice to the Zoology Labouratory of Nasarawa State University, *•05 for gills and intestinal parasites examimatiori. Forty-two (42) were found to infected with parasites and the total of number of parasites recovered were sixty-nine (69). Parasites isolated were Eimeria ولحلآى, Procamdmis spp, 50, D. latum and B. daviceps. Apart from Eimeria spp that recovered from gills the rest parasites were recoverd from the instestine. The highest number (50) of parasites species isolated was Procamallan spp, followed by Dactylogyrus spp (9) while Eimeria spp and B. claviceps parasites isolated were four (4) each and the lowestnumber(2) ofparasites isolated wasD. latum. Continue study on the parasites of other fish in Uke River is recommended to provide knowledge on the parasitic infestationlevel ofthe fish in the River.
Open Access
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CATFISH (Clarias ga 7epinus) FINGERLINGS REARED IN STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED WATER
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-01-06) Ameh, S.M.; Makpo, James Kpuk; Sotolu, A.O.; Banyigyi, A.H.; Cheka, B.C.
This study dett 'mined the growth performance and feed utilization of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingt lings reared in structured and unstructured water (de-clorinated tap water). Structurec Water used for the study was obtained from Innovative Biotech Limited along Abuja - Kefl. Road while de - chlorinated tap water (Unstructured Water) from the University environment. Two (2) treatments were replicated, each having three (3) groups. Length-weight measurement were taken using electronic weighingbalance,measuringboard and a centimeter rule.Some physio - chemical parameters were determined using titrimetric method while water temperature, DO and BOD were determined using Biocotek water portable DO analyzer model JPB - 607A. Water pH and Electric Conductivity were analyzed using JENWAY portable pH and conductivity meter model number 430. The mean value of temperature for structured water (SW) and Unstructured water (UW) was 27°C while the pH value was 6.96 for SW and 7.51 for UW. DO had mean value of 9.8mg/L in SW and 7.5mg/L in UW. Mean value of conductivity was 62pS in SW and 98.8pS in UW while water hardness recorded a value of 24mg/L in SW and 80mg/L in UW. The mean for BOD was*3.8nig/L in SW and 6.2mg/L in UW. The highest mean weight recorded in SW was 78.1g and mean length of 19.7cm in SW after the ten (10) weeks experimental period which represents the best growth performance. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in SW was 33% while the lowest value of 29% was recorded in UW. Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) had the highest value of 29.4% in SW. The highest Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of 1.6% was recorded in SW while the lowest value of 0.9% was observed in UW. Apparent Net Protein Utilization (ANPU) recorded the highest value of 41% in SW whereas the lowest value of 11.16% was observed in UW. Based on the results obtained in the study, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings performed better in SW than U W with the values of 33% SGR, 78.Ig weight and 19.7cm in length. FCE was 29.4%, PER was 1.6% and ANPU was 41%. The use of structured water in aquaculture will give better yield in terms of food output and cash value of the Fish cultured. This is in view of the better growth performance for fish cultured in structured water.
Open Access
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) FINGERLINGS REARED IN STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED WATER
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2019-05-16) Ameh, S.M.,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Sotolu, A.O.,; Banyigyi, A.H.; Cheka, B.C.
This study determined the growth performance and feed utilization of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings reared in structured and unstructured water, (de-clorinated tap water]. Structured Water used for the study was obtained from Innovative Biotech Limited along Abuja - Keffi Road while de - chlorinated tap water (Unstructured Water] from the University environment. Two (2] treatments were replicated, each having three [3] groups. Length - weight measurement were taken using electronic weighing balance, measuring board and a centimeter rule.Some physio - chemical parameters were.determined using titrimetric method while water temperature, DO and BOD were determined using Biocotek water portable DO analyzer model JPB - 607A. Water pH and Electric Conductivity were analyzed using JENWAY portable pH and conductivity meter model number 430. The mean value of temperature for structured water [SW] and Unstructured water [UW] was 27°C while the pH value was 6.96 for SW and 7.51 for UW. DO had mean value of 9.8mg/L in SW and 7.5mg/L in UW. Mean value of conductivity was 62pS in SW and 98.8gS in UW while water hardness recorded a value of 24mg/L in SW and 80mg/L in UW. The mean for BOD was 3.8mg/L in SW and 6.2mg/L in UW. The highest mean weight recorded in SW was 78.1g and mean length of 19.7cm in SW after the ten (10] weeks experimental period which represents the best growth performance. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR] in SW was 33% while the lowest value of 29% was recorded in UW. Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE] had the highest value of 29.4% in SW. The highest Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER] of 1.6% was recorded in SW while the lowest value of 0.9% was observed in UW. Apparent Net Protein Utilization (ANPU] recorded the highest value of 41% in SW whereas the lowest value of 11.16% was observed in UW. Based on the results obtained in the study, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings performed better in SW than . UW with the values of 33% SGR, 78.lg weight and 19,7cm in length. FCE was 29.4%, PER was 1.6% and ANPU was 41%. The use of structured water in aquaculture will give better yield in terms of food output and cash value of the fish cultured. This is in view of the better growth performance for fish cultured in structured water. '
Open Access
Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings Reared in Structured and Unstructured Water
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-03-08) Makpo, James Kpuk; Ameh, S.M.,; Sotolu, A.O.,; Banyigyi, A.H.; Cheka, B.C.,
This study determined the growth performance and feed utilization of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings reared in structured and unstructured water (de-clorinated tap water). Structured Water used for the study was obtained from Innovative Biotech Limited along Abuja - Keffi Road while de - chlorinated tap water (Unstructured Water) from the University environment. Two (2) treatments were replicated, each having three (3) groups. Length - we ight measurement were taken using electronic weighing balance, measuring board and a centimeter rule. Some physio - chemical parameters were determined using titrimetric method while water temperature, DO and BOD were determined using Biocotek water portable DO analyzer model JPB - 607A. Water pH and Electric Conductivity were analyzed using JENWAY portable pH and conductivity meter model number 430. The mean value of temperature for structuredwater (S W) and Unstructuredwater (UW) was 27°C while the pH value was 6.96 for S W and 7.51 for UW. DO had mean value of 9.8mg/L in SW and 7.5mg/L in UW. Mean value of conductivity was 62pS in SW and 98.8pS in UW while water hardness recorded a value of 24mg/L in SW and 80vng/L in UW. The mean for BOD was 3.8mg/L in SW and 6.2mg/L in UW. The highest mean weight recorded!* SW was 78.1 g and mean length of 19.7cm in SW after the ten (10) weeks experimental period which represents the best growth performance. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in SW was 33% while the lowest value of 29% was recorded in UW. Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) had the highest value of 29.4% in SW: The highest Protein Efficiency Ratio.(PER) of 1.6% was recorded in SW while the lowest value of 0.9% was observed in UW. Apparent Net Protein Utilization (ANPU) recorded the highest value of 41% in SW whereas the lowest value of 11.16% was observed in UW. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings performed better in SW than UW with the values of 33% SGR, 78’lg weight and 19.7cm in length. FCE was 29.4%, PER was 1.6% and ANPU was 41%. The use of structured water in aquaculture will give better yield in terms.of food output and cash value of the fish cultured.
Open Access
Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Catfish {Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings Reared in Structured and Unstructured Water
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2018-03-06) Makpo, James Kpuk; Ameh, S.M.; Sotolu, A.O.; Banyigyi, A.H.; Cheka, B.C.
This study determined the growth performance and feed utilization of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings reared in structured and unstructured water (de-clorinated tap water). Structured Water used for the study was obtained from Innovative Biotech Limited along Abujg - Keffi Road while de - chlorinated tap water (Unstructured Water) from the University environment. Two (2) treatments were replicated, each having three (3) groups. Length - weight measurement were taken using electronic weighing balance, measuring board and a centimeter rule. Some physio - chemical parameters were determined using titrimetric method while water temperature, DO and BOD were determined using Biocotek water portable DO analyzer model JPB - 607A. Water pH and Electric Conductivity were analyzed using JEN WAY portable pH and conductivity meter model number 430. The mean value of temperature for structured water (S W) and Unstructured water (UW) was 27°C while the pH value was 6.96 for SW and 7.51 for UW. DO had mean value of 9.8mg/L in SW and 7.5mg/L in UW. Mean value of conductivity was 62pS in SW and 98.8pS in UW while water hardness recorded a value of 24mg/L in SW and 80mg/L in UW. The mean for BOD was 3.8mg/L in SW and 6.2mg/L in UW. The highest mean weight recorded in S W was 78.1 g and mean length of 19.7cm in S W after the ten (10) weeks experimental period which represents the best growth performance. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in SW was 33% while the lowest value of 29% was recorded in UW. Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) had the highest value of 29.4% in SW. The highest Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of 1.6% was recorded in SW while the lowest value of 0.9% was observed in UW. Apparent Net Protein Utilization (ANPU) recorded the highest value of 41% in SW whereas the lowest value of 11.16% was observed in UW. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings performed better in SW than UW with the values of 33% SGR, 78.lg weight and 19.7cm in length. FCE was 29.4%, PER terms of food output and cash value of the fish cultured.
Open Access
HELMINTHS OF THE GASTROINTESTIN AL TRACT OF PIGEON (Gallus gallus domesticus) COMMERCIALLY BRED IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2014-06-07) Banyigyi, A H.,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Andrew, Yako B.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Echem, O.H.
The ethno prevalence of Gallus gallus domesticus which belong to the order Galliforms of the avian class is highly bred in commercial terms in the study area. One hundred and twenty (120) gastrointestinal tract contents were subjected to parasitological examination to investigate the occurrence of the helminthes parasite in chickens bred in Keffi. 78 (65%) were generally infected with the helminthes parasites while 42(35%) were not infected. A total of 1,023 parasites were isolated represented by 976(95.4%) cestodes and 47(4.6%) nematodes. Six (6) species of cestodes which include, Raillietina tetragona 715(69.9%), R. echinobothrida 95(9.3%), R. cestillus 85(8.3%), R. magninwnide 11(1.1%), Hymenolepis carioca 55(5.38%) and Choanataenia infundibulum 15(1.5%) were recovered. Three (3) species of nematodes were recovered represented by Ascaridia galli 35(3.4%), A. columbae 7(0.7%) and Heterakis gallinarum 5(0.5%). There was a significant difference (P>0.01) in infections in relation to sex. Domestic chickens are predisposed to parasitic infections because of their feeding habits. Efforts should be geared toward regularly deworming them.
Open Access
Immune prolile of HIV+with microsporidium and Hepatitis-B in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-04-11) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I,; Nweze, C.C,; Banyigyi, H.A
Survey was focused exclusively on human excreta and sera for microsporidium and hepatitis- B.The immune profile was determined ofHIV-Y individuals in Benue State. Intestinal epithelium was the most prevalent site of human microsporidium infection, 54 (4:2%) were infected in both ' sexes. Enterocylozoon bieneusi was most prevalent in Makiirdi with no significant relevance in the spread of microsporidium species among a cohort population study (r=0.79 >0.60, df-9). Urinary tract microsporidiosis appears in 31(2.4%)) patients• with Encephalitozoon cuniculi although, many-persons during these findings do not have symptoms referable to the urogenital route and 9(1:3%) were HBsAg-V with no significant difference since r-0.76>0.75, df-6. Stools were loose to watery and co- infected with laboratory evidence for intestinal microsporidium in 1(0.5%) with T-cells < 80 cell7pi. However, sexual transmission of microsporidiosis cannot be excluded. Therefore, the clinical spectrum of the disease should be tied to thorough laboratory investigation and strict hygienic condition should be maintained.
Open Access
Immune Status Of Cd4 T- Cells In Hiv/Aids With Pathogenic Microsporidium In Benue State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-03-01) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A.,; Lar, P.,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I.,; Yako, J.B.,; Banyigyi, A.H.; Nweze, C.c.,
The organism (Microsporidium) and improved diagnostic approaches In Nigeria Is increasingly common. Coated latex spheres of CD4 T- Cells Was Used To Determine HIV/AIDS individuals as A Preliminary Survey In Benue State Which Shows That 96 HIV/AIDS individuals were infected with pathogenic microsporidium. 966, 42 (4.3%) males CD4 T-cells count were <335 cell/pi, and in the female category 1042, 54 (5.2%) CD4 Tcells weie <320 cell/pi at the first CD4 count. The strain of pathogenic microsporidium in HIV/AIDS individuals was observed as a leading cause of diarrhea, and a fall in the CD4 T-cells count after 90 days of re-evaluation. Among the age group of 30-39 years, the CD4 cells count gradually decline to <200 cell/pi indicating high risk to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infections. However, there was a significant difference among sexes given that, Z=1.039<±1.96 in other words, microsporidium solely depended on age which shows no significant relationship among the age groups (x2=7.815>0.05).
Open Access
IMMUNOLOGIC DETERIORATION OF CD4 C^ELLS IN HIV ' INDIVIDUALS WITH FIBsAg+ CARRIAGE RATE IN BENUE ; STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2010-03-04) Andrew,Yako B.; AJayi, J.A.; Makpo, James Kpuk; Lar, P.; Aula, K.I.; Banyigyi, A.H.
HIV positive individuals with HBsAg+ was a factor used to determine the immune status among infected HIV individuals in Benue state. .Of 966 males'infected with HIV 15(60.0%) were positive 'with CD4 counts<335 cell/pi and in .the female category 1042,10(40.0%) were positive with the CD4 counts<420cell/pi at the first CD4 cells count. According to age distribution/ between the age of 30-39 years were HBsAg+ witii die CD4 counts<335 cell/pi and the least 288, T(4.0%) for HBsAg+ carriage rate, ‘die CD4 counts was <224 cell/pi between the age of >50 years old. At the second CD4 counts (after 6 months) the CD4 counts fell below <200 cell/pi and <100cell/pl respectively. However, there was a .significant relationship in the degree of infection among sexes given that, Z=0.40<±1.96. And HBsAg+ carriage rate was depended on age(x2=7.82<0.05) with a significant difference.
Open Access
INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Entamoeba histolytica IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-01-06) Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Makpo, James Kpuk; Banyingi, H.A.; Eke, S.S.
The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic infections with special reference to Entamoeba histolytica was conducted in Keffi and Karu Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, with a view to provide information for effective control strategies for parasitic infections in the study-areas. Fresh stool samples were collected randomly from 275 individuals of both sexes aged 1-60 years in the two Local Government Areas. The samples were processed and examined for parasitological evidence of infection using temporary wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. A total of 150 individuals (54.55%) were infected with at least one of 5 species of intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica (24.73%), hookworm (13.09%), Entamoeba coli (9.45%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6.55%) and Schistosoma mansoni (7.27%). Prevalence of infection was age-specific, highest in the 11-20 year-old-age-group with lowest prevalence in those aged above 50 years (33.46%). There was decrease in infection rate with intestinal parasites with increase in age of volunteered participants, however, prevalence of infection between males and females was similar, males (54.36%) an^t females (54.76%). There were significant differences in prevalence of infection based on toilet types used by participants^ X =,4.49, df=3,p< 0.05). Those participants using water cistern had a prevalence of44.44%, while pit latrine2users recorded a prevalence of65.74%. There were significant differences in infection prevalence in relation to occupation (X = 8.036, df~ 5,p.<,0.05). Civil servant/farmers recorded (64.86%) while fishermen recorded (22.58%), which was the lowest rate in occupational groups. Observations revealed indiscriminate defecation, urination and throwing of garbage into water bodies around houses, were common practices among the people, as well as eating fruits that were not properly washed. While, domestic animals mingled with human population at certain water points. The provision of regular safe water supply, good health-care services with affordable chemotherapy and introduction of health education will go a long way to control and reduce morbidity in the study areas.