Browsing by Author "Makama, Chunku Ayuba"

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    Colonialism & the Creation & Consolidation of Capitalism in Africa
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-06-03) Makama, Chunku Ayuba
    The incorporation of African Economy into global economic system during colonial era marked the beginning of African predicaments. Africa were designed to produced what they cannot consume and to consumed what they cannot produced, Africa have been fixed at disadvantage position by colonialist. Dependence is conditioned by the subordinate position of Africa at various stage of this incorporation. This paper examines colonialism and the creation and consolidation of capitalism in Africa. The ‘dependency theory’ was used as the basis of analysis. This paper revealed that contemporary state of Africa underdevelopment is as a result of it contact with Europe (Colonialism) which geared to promoting capitalism in Africa. Therefore, secondary sources of data was adopted in this paper, further revealed that Africa have not actually benefited in the integration process due to African position as a raw material producer, it is therefore, recommended, that African countries must pursues industrialization, encourage exportation than importation, patronise local goods than foreign goods and diversification of the economy.
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    Global Oil Crisis and its Impact on the Development in the Agriculture Sector (Rice Production) in Nigeria.
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-05) Atsiya, Godiya Pius; Makama, Chunku Ayuba; Onuk, Bulus Ojem
    Oil is a global product that constitutes a greater percentage of many producing nation *s GDP and revenue earning. Its importance cut across all sectors of the economy. Oil, as source of energy, influences education, communication, agriculture, industry, science, transportation, production, and distribution. The sector plays an important role in the development of international trade, capital flow, and international politics. In the 1970s, Oil crises created a downturn in the global economy. The global oil crisis led to stock market crash, rising inflation, high unemployment, job cuts, food insecurity, and general economic recession. There was global energy crisis between 1967 and 1979 (Macalister, 2011). However, the most significant of that time was the Oil embargo imposed on United States of America by the Arab oil producing exporting countries (AOPEC) in 1973. The embargo on America was a reaction to the support America gave Israel in the Yom Kippur war against Egypt, which made crude oil price to rise from $2.9 per barrel to $11.85 by 1974 (Macalister, 2011). The embargo affected the world economy, especially the west. It led to the fall of U.Kg overnment oft hat time, caused US government led by Nixon to enter into negotiation with Arab producers. The US changed her trade policies on oil. Such policies resulted in America and the west, to sort for Oil supplyf rom non-Arab nations (Milestones: 1969-1973). By US changed of her trade policy on oil, Nigeria became a beneficiary of the patronage of the west. Since then oil has dominated the Nigerian economy. United States of America remained the largest importer of Nigerian oil until 2014 when U.S started exploring shale oil. It has been noted that for the past three decades, crude oil has been the major source of revenue, energy and foreign exchange for the Nigerian economy. Oil being the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, plays a vital role in shaping the economic and the political destiny of the country (Odularu 2009).Dependency theory was adopted and the findings revealed that Nigeria over dependency on Oil suffered during the recession and the study recommends that government should diversify to other sectors such as solid mineral, transportation and agriculture with emphasis to rice production in Nigeria which has become a lucrative business due to it high level of consumption locally, nationally and internationally.
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    Godfather Politics and Democratic Sustenance in Nigeria
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-08-08) Luka, Ruth Caleb; Saleh, Amina Bala; Makama, Chunku Ayuba
    An emergent feature of the Nigerian democracy is the politics of godfatherism in the electoral process. In Nigeria today, one can hardly win an election without a godfather. Godfathers see politics as an opportunity to invest in their Godsons, with the aim of getting not only their money back but also making profits; it has now become a source of business. Politics has been monetized in Nigeria, credibility no longer counts, citizens with the highest bids gets party nominations, secure tickets and win elections. Most of the credible candidates do not have huge amount of money to purchase party nomination forms. This links us to Godfatherism where those who are financially handicapped are sponsored by some people called the Godfathers to clinch electoral victory. The paper gives an overview of godfather politics and democratic sustenance in Nigeria. The paper examined the activities of godfathers in Nigeria and the effects associated with them. The study adopted the secondary sources of data collection while the elite theory was utilized as the theoretical underpinning. The findings of the study reveai that godfathers truncate democracy as they deprive the people from voting for credible and competent candidates. The paper among others, recommends that there should be orientation and enlightenment by government agencies saddled with the mandate such as National Orientation Agency (NOA) on the dangers and consequences of political godfatherism.
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    GODFATHERISM AND ELECTORAL MALPRACTICE IN NIGERIA A STUDY OF THE 2003 AND 2007 GENERAL ELECTIONS
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-03-06) Erunke, Canice Esidence; Makama, Chunku Ayuba; Uchem, Raphael Onyebuchi; Luka, Ruth Caleb
    An emergent feature ofpolitics in Nigeria is the phenomenon of godfatherism and in the leadership of political parties. As a result of political class corruption of the electoral process and governmental structures, electoral parties and State power are skewed towards satisfying themselves regarding interest of the dominant political otherwise known as political godfathers. Relying on the wealth, they secure party nomination for candidates of their choice, sponsor their election, including manipulating the electoral process. This project is interested to examine critically the politics of godfatherism and electoral malpractice in Nigeria and it’s implication for the people’s clamour for democracy. It is also intended to proffer logically derived solutions to the problems of godfatherism and the survival of democracy in Nigeria.
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    HUMAN RIGHTS AND NIGERIAN DEMOCRACY: THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTATION.
    (Department of Public and International Law, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-11-11) Luka, Ruth Caleb; Iyadah, John Viko; Makama, Chunku Ayuba
    The correlation between human light and democracy cannot be overemphasised; democracy has the potential of enhancingfull realisation of human tights. The concern for human rights is as old as humanity itself. The idea of the inalienable rights' of man predates the vcy political system, which produces the law-making institutes, as we know them today. Human Rights are inherent and intrinsic to all human beings in as much as they are human, irrespective of nationality, sex, ethnicity, origin, colour or any other status. These lights can be protected in a functional democratic setting that anchors its foundation in the rule of law. In democracy, the rule of law protects the rights of individuals, preserves order, and limits powers of government. In Nigeria's democracy, the reverse seems to be the case. Human rights are often violated. Extra -judicial killings, unlawful detention, and other series of human rights abuses are still prevalent in Nigeria democracy. The secondary source of data was adopted, and the Social Contract and Elite Theory were used as a theoreticalframework of analysis. This paper concludes that for democracy to protect human right in Nigeria, the government needs to obey the laws, be transparent, accountable and respect democratic ethics and ethos. Lastly, all the law enforcement agencies need to be re-oriented on how to protect citizen s fundamental human rights.
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    The Legal Implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms aiu' Light Weapons in Nigeria
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-06-06) Luka, Ruth Caleb; Makama, Chunku Ayuba
    The incorporation of African Economy into global economic system during colonial era marked the beginning of African predicaments. Africa were designed to produced what they cannot consume and to consumed what they cannot produced, Africa have been fixed at disadvantage position by colonialist. Dependence is conditioned by the subordinate position of Africa at various stage of this incorporation. This paper examines colonialism and the creation and consolidation of capitalism in Africa. The ‘dependency theory’ was used as the basis of analysis. This paper revealed that contemporary state of Africa underdevelopment is as a result of it contact with Europe (Colonialism) which geared to promoting capitalism in Africa. Therefore, secondary sources of data was adopted in this paper, further revealed that Africa have not actually benefited in the integration process due to African position as a raw material producer, it is therefore, recommended, that African countries must pursues industrialization, encourage exportation than importation, patronise local goods than foreign goods and diversification of the economy.
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    A Performance Appraisal of the Judiciary and the Nigerian Democracy
    (Department of Public and International Law, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-01-01) Atsiya, Godiya Pius; Luka, Ruth Caleb; Makama, Chunku Ayuba; Amina, Bala Saleh; Iyadah, John Viko
    The judiciary is the third arm of government in Nigeria that has the constitutional and legal responsibilities of interpretation of laws. The judiciary is seen as the last hope of the common man, the bulwark of the people's liberty, the upholder of the rule of law and the defender of the rights of the people. This paper utilized the secondary sources of data which involved the use of such material as textbooks, journal articles, news papers, magazine, judicial conferences and periodicals amongst others, to examine the challenges encountered by the Nigerian judiciary in a democracy. The Marxist theory was adopted to enhance our understanding of the problem under study. The theory is significant to this research because the judiciary with its mandate is required by the capitalist to enforce unequal distribution of social and material rewards in order to preserve their position to oppress the less privileged class in the society. The paper found out that the judiciary is saddled with so many challenges in the discharge of its duties and in the administration of justice in Nigeria, which ranges from appointment of unqualified judges, indirect interference of die executive in the judiciary, corruption on the part of the judges, bad police and so on. In conclusion and as a way of recommendation, the study recommends that appointment of judges by the judiciary should be based on merit and various punishments and sanctions should be awarded to erring judges.
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    POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS.
    (Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-07-08) Luka, Ruth Caleb; Saleh, Amina Bala; Makama, Chunku Ayuba
    Political Parties is an alliance of likeminded people who work together to win elections and control of the government. Political Parties compete against one another for the ability to put their philosophies and policies into effect and for political power. Modem western democracies cannot exist without political parties. This paper examines political parties, which is a crucial aspect of Nigeria's Democratic Governance stating that there is a direct relationship between the conduct and character of a country's political parties and the degree of good Governance and democratic consolidation in the country. The paper argues that Democracy in Nigeria has not gained any significant achievement when compared with countries that are heading towards stable democracy. As a theoretical underpinning, the elite theory as postulated by Mosca and Pareto was adopted. The secondary sources of data collection were utilized which includes the use of such materials as textbooks, journals, newspapers and magazines. The paper found out that political parties often fail to perform their roles adequately or with sufficient credibility. Some are fundamentally weak and rely heavily on the personal appeal of their leaders. Political Leaders also engaged in all manner of election malpractices ranging from violence, thuggery, deployment of ethnic sentiments amongst others.