NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Gyar, Dogara Silas"

Browsing by Author "Gyar, Dogara Silas"

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Open Access
Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterobacteria to Some Commonly used Antibiotics in General Hospital Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2013-02-08) Reuben, Rine Christopher; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Tanimu, H.
Antibiotic resistance is now generally accepted as a major public health issue. This work sought to determine the antibiotic resistant profile of some members of the Enterobacteriaceae family to some commonly used antibiotics. One hundred and twenty (120) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (40), Klebsiella spp (40) and Salmonella spp (40) were collected from General Hospital Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria and were tested against Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim, Ampicillin , Tarivid, Cefoxime, Gentamicin, Augment in and Nalidixic acid, using the Agar disc diffusion technique. The results revealed 57.5%, 54%, and 49.25% instances of resistance to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp respectively to the tested antibiotics. The high resistance recorded is in agreement with the findings of some other researchers. Findings from this work also show the high susceptibility of the Enterobacterial isolates to Ciprofloxacin (Floroquinolonc) antibiotic. The result suggests that the use of the Fluoroqunolones in the treatment of the infections caused by these organisms should be encouraged. Also Search for novel antibiotics that would interfere with the genetic mechanism of microbial cells should be encouraged.
Open Access
Assessment of Hepatitis B Co-infection among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic in Garaku, Central Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2014-09-11) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Agbo, P.; Reuben, Rine Christopher
This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection among patients attending Ante-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Garaku, a Metropolitan setting, in Central Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 200 patients attending ART clinic and were screened for Hepatitis B infection using the ACON Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Rapid test strip, between January to October, 2013. The overall prevalence of Hepatitis B co-infection was 13.00% (26). The HBV co-infection was more common among females than males, with prevalence rate of 53.85% (14) and 46.15% (12), respectively. Among the study population, persons aged between 32-38 years had the highest prevalence rate of co-infection 53.85% (14) while patients aged 18- 24 years had the least prevalence of 7.69% (2). Single patients had more prevalence of HBV co-infection (57.69%) than divorcees (3.85%) with respect to marital status. Heterosexualism was the most occurring (50.00%) high risk factor while injecting drug use and blood transfusion were the least (3.85%) risk factors to HIV/HBV co-infection. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the HIV/HBV co-infection with respect to age, sex, marital status and high risk behavior (p>0.05). Co-infection with hepatitis B virus is common among HIV infected patients in our setting and this further reaffirms the need for routine baseline screening for this marker, as it is a major consideration in the initiation and choice of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Patients found to be seronegative for HBV should be immunized with HBV vaccine to improve the prognosis of their HIV.
Open Access
Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Nigerian Non Alcoholic Beverage (Kunun-zaki) Sold in Keffi Metropolis, Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2014-05-26) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Bala, H.; Reuben, Rine Christopher
Twenty- five (25) samples of freshly formulated Kunun-zaki, a very common Nigerian non-alcoholic cereal beverage were obtained from 5 different sale locations in Keffi metropolis and analyzed using the Sandard Plate Counts (SPC), to determine their respective bacteriological quality. The results obtained showed that the total bacterial counts of Kununzaki \n the 5 different locations range from 3.5x104 to 8.4x104 cfu/ml. The frequency of the occurrence of isolated bacteria were 72%(18) S. aureus, 60%(15) E. coli, 56%(14) Bacillus spp, 48%(12) Streptococcus spp, 36%(9) Klebsiella spp and 28%(7) Salmonella spp respectively. The percentage occurrence of isolated bacteria from High Court, Angwan Lambu, and Ungwan Waje was 43.3% while Central Market and Ungwan Mada had 60.0%, giving the total bacterial occurrence rate of 50.0%. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the occurrence of bacteria from samples obtained from various locations. The high bacterial load of most of the samples can be attributed to the poor hygienic practices of the handlers and possible contamination from the utensils and water that were used for processing of the beverage. The presence of these bacteria could be a matter of serious concern as these organism are involve in some health implication causing various diseases.
Open Access
Co-epidemics: Have measures Against COVID-19 helped to Reduce Lassa fever Cases in Nigeria?
(2021-02-16) Reuben, R.C.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Makut, M.D.; Adoga, M.P.
While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple devastating public health and socio-economic effects across the world, Nigeria along with other West African countries is simultaneously faced with a recurrent Lassa fever epidemic. The complicating scenario is the similarity in the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and Lassa fever, making the misdiagnosis of the initial presentation of both diseases a significant risk with an increased likelihood of co-infection. However, the strict implementation of COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures across Nigeria after the initial outbreaks concurrently resulted in the reduction of Lassa fever cases. The abrupt change in the behaviour of Lassa fever epidemiological data, which are attributable to the implementation of COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures at the national, sub-national and community levels, requires detailed investigation during and after the COVID-19 epidemic to elucidate the interactions and evolutionary dynamics of Lassa fever cases in Nigeria.
Open Access
Comparative study on the effect of water activity (aw) on the colonization of guineacorn (Sorghum bicolor L) and Maize (Zea mays L) by species of fungi in Jos, Plateau State.
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2005-08-23) Sila, M.D.; Gyar, Dogara Silas
Comparative studies, were carried out oil rt]ie:.water’ activity (aw) of guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor J) and maize (Zea mays L) grains and'rife associated’ fungi in Jos. The net weight changes of both grains were plotted against the; six range^ofwater activity (aw) to obtain their aw during both wet and dry seasons of the experimental-The water activities (aNV) determined for both guinea corn and maize for the dry seasonywere 6.70 and 0.67 respectively and 0.76 and 0.74 respectively for the wet season. Tlie water activity ,(aw) determined for both guinea corn and maize for the wet season. The water activity (aw)of guinea corn was higher ranges of (aw) 0.08, 0.09 and 0.98 for both seasons- of . the year. A total' number of fifteen fungal species were isolated from the experimental grains. These included; Alternarin alternate, JCeissler; Aspergillus Candidas, Link; Aspergillus flaYiis-, Link; Aspergillus fumigatus Fres; Aspergillus ochraceus, Wilhcm; Aspergillus oryzae,* Ahlburg;: Fusariuni oxysporum, Schlechi;' among others. Fewer species were isolated from maize than guinea corn at both seasons of the experimental year. The water activity (aw) 0.70 and 0.78 .in guinea corn did not support the growth of any of tire isolates during the dry season just as aw 0.70, 0.78 and 0.80 did not support the growth of the fungal isolates in maize either for the same reasons. Moisture content (MC) was therefore a major factor in the i safe storage of these grains.
Open Access
Differential tolerance of spinach (Spinaceae olearacae L.) cultivars to waste water
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-10-22) Mairiga, Jamey Peters; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Yanga, J.P.
The differential tolerance of Spinach (Spinaceae olearecea L) cultivars was examined for a period of five weeks (April-June) using different concentrations of waste water - majorly washed plate residues, collected from food vendors and restaurants within Keffi Metropolis of Nasarawa State. The parameters examined included the height and numbers of sprouted leaves of the cultivars after treatment with series of waste water Concentrations (WWC) (10%, 50%, and 100%), obtained as a percentage of the waste water diluted in a given volume of clean water. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCDB) technique was used to set the experiment. Analysis of the results showed that waste water has some effects on the growth and development of Spinach Cultivars. This was shown by a mean coefficient of three percent (3%) increase in height from sixty five percent (65%) to sixty eight percent (68%) on days ten and twenty one respectively. Similarly the analysis of the sprouted leaves was found to be highly significant with an F. calculated value of 8.56 as against 3.38 value of the F. Tabulated at 5% d. f.The calculations on the Least Significant Difference (LSD) to deduce which treatment had a major .influence over the others had the treatment designated Mz showing very high superiority over M,, followed by J, and P, respectively. Varying growth, small leaf size, yellowing of leaves and poor performance on cultivars were observed mostly in plots treated with higher concentrations of waste water. It is however necessary to imbibe the culture of waste water management for irrigation through appropriate guidelines and legislations by individuals, homes, communities and industrialist
Open Access
Hepatitis B virus infections in apparently healthy urban Nigerians: data from pre-vaccination tests
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2010-04-23) Adoga, M.P.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Pechulano, Simon; Bashayi, Obadiah D.; Emiasegne, Samuel E.; Zungwe, Timothy; Iperepolu, Odunayo H.; Agupugo, Chinwe; Agwale, Simon M.
Background: In spile of the availability of an effective vaccine since I982 against hepatitis B. infection with hepatitis B virus (IIBV). which is 50 to 100 times more infectious than ] IIV. still persists in most parts of the world with Nigeria being described as an endemic /one. We therefore set out to establish the prevalence of this infection and evaluate its relationship with age and gender in urban Nigerians. Methodology: During pre-vaccination tests, blood samples were collected by linger-prick and venepuncture from 1.891 subjects aged < 60 years, between 2008 and 2009 after having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance. Smart Check MBsAg (Globalcmcd. Cape Town. South Africa) and ShantcstTM-HBsAg Elisa (Shanlha Biolcchnics Ltd, Hyderabad, India) were used for initial and confirmatory tests respectively. Results: Of the 1.891 participants. 957 (50.6 %) were males and 934 (49.4%) were females. Overall 114 (6.0%) were positive, of whom 71 (7.4%) were males and 43 (4.6%) females. Those aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate, and males were more likely to be infected with the vims than females (P > 0 05). Conclusions: Such a high prevalence of a vaccine-preventable infection questions the effectiveness of the Nigerian vaccination strategies. The Nigerian government hepatitis B vaccination programme, which hitherto is limited to the National Childhood Immunisation Programme, should include the adult population.
Open Access
HIGH PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN NIGERIA
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2008-08-11) Forbi, Joseph C.; Onyemauwa, N.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Oyeleye, A.O.; Entonu, P.; Agwale, Simon M.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1%. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5%) and those with ‘age-at-first-sex’ below 10 years of age (28%) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile.
Open Access
HIV/AIDS: DEATH RATES, GLOBAL POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ITS IMPACT ON AFRICA; 1990-2007
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2007-06-17) Gyar, Dogara Silas
The HIV/AIDS infection is most dreaded because of its devastating effect on red individuals. So far, the disease has no cure in the real terms of healing and ute recovery. This study has attempted to catch, in simple statistical forms, the lan both infection and death rates of the disease at a holistically global level with jilar reference to the period of eighteen years spanning between 1990 and 2007. jcurrent global HIV/AIDS infection rates from this study stand at 33.2million people ifrica having the highest rate of 22.5million infected individuals. The infection has ) claimed more than 23million lives worldwide, since it was first discovered in ■Total deaths recorded for 2007 at global level was 2.1 million with Africa alone id at 1.6million.This paper has also made some efforts at highlighting particularly jrican data and gone further to critically examine the huge implications of the impact ijse alarming rates of infection on the continent. Suggestions have also been made, report, on how this epidemic could be reduced in Africa, in line with best practices Hained in developed countries.The implications of this infection on the African jations and the concomitant socio-economic consequences are also examined.
Open Access
Human immunonodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: sero-prevalence, co-infection and risk factors among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-04-30) Adoga, M.P.; Banwat, Edmund B.; Forbi, Joseph C.; Nimzing, Lohya; Pam, Christopher R.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Agabi, Yusuf A.; Agwale, Simon m.
Background: Published data on HIV, HBV, and HCV in correctional facilities in Nigeria is scarce. We set out to establish the seroprevalence, co-infection, and risk factors for these infections for the first time among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study conducted between April and May, 2007, blood samples were collected from 300 male prisoners of a mean age of 29.2 years, in the state’s four medium-security prisons (overall population: 587). Prior to the study, ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained and structured questionnaires were administered. Samples were analyzed for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV using anti-HIV l+2-EIA-avicenna, Shantest™-HBsAg ELISA, and anti-HCV-EIA-avicenna, respectively. Specimens initially reactive for HIV were retested with vironostika microelisa. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 300 subjects, 54 (18.0 %), 69 (23.0 %), and 37 (12.3 %) tested positive for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. Co-infections were eight (2.7 %) for HIV/HBV and two (0.7 %) for HBV/HCV. Those aged 21-26 years were more likely to be infected with HIV and HBV, while those aged 33-38 years had the highest HCV infection. Associated risk factors included duration in prison, previous incarceration (for HIV, HBV and HCV), intra-prison anal sex, multiple sex partners (for HIV and HBV), ignorance of transmission modes, blood transfusion, and alcohol consumption (for HBV and HCV). No inmate injected drugs. Conclusions: The overall outcome represents the need for prison-focused intervention initiatives in Nigeria. Injected drug use is an unlikely major transmission mode among Nigerian inmates.
Open Access
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Allium roseum (Wild Allium or Rosy Garlic) against Some Clinical Isolates
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2014-07-03) Katsa, M.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Reuben, Rine Christopher
Current research trends have placed medicinal plants as new resources for production of agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. This study sought to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Allium roseum bulb extracts, using disk diffusion and micro dilution broth assays. It was demonstrated that A. roseum methanolic extracts were more effective against the tested isolates, with zones of inhibition ranging between 13 and 17mm while ethanolic extracts had zones of inhibition ranging between 10 and 14mm. Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacterium) was more susceptible to the test extracts than Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram negative bacteria). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extracts which inhibited bacterial growth varied from 1.85 mg/ml (S. aureus) to 6.95 mg/ml (E. coli). This concentration was not much different from the concentration that was safe for mammalian cells, suggesting that the extract of A. roseum may be a safe and strong antibacterial agent.
Open Access
INVESTIGATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF A CEREAL-MADE NIGERIAN BEVERAGE-“Kunun-zaki”
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2003-01-14) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Madaki, S.C.
The microbiological and sensory qualities of freshly processed and reconstituted kumm-zaki beverages prepared from steeped millet grains were earned out. The mean moisture content of the fresh kumm-zaki beverage was 89.27+ 2% and 8.66 + 0.8% for the reconstituted powder. The samples were analysed for Aerobic plate, fungi, Coliform counts, and Staphylococcal, Salmonella and Shigella species.- The preference test showed that there was significant difference in the level of preference of the two beverages and that the fresh beverages were preferred by the judges at 5% level of probability.‘There was no' significant difference between the fresh and reconstituted beverages for colour and sweetness. The study showed that the reconstituted beverage had better microbiological quality with delectable difference, between the two samples with the fresh sample being preferred in terms of the sensory quality
Open Access
Isolation and Antibiogram of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from Diarrhoeic HIV/AIDS Patients in Lafia, Central Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2015-08-12) Reuben, Rine Christopher; Gyar, Dogara Silas
This study assessed the prevalence and antibiogram of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from Diarrhoeic HIV/AIDS Patients in Lafia, Central Nigeria. E. coli 0157:H7 from stools of consenting HIV/AIDS patients were isolated by culture based, biochemical and serological assays. Confirmed isolates were tested for their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The prevalence of E. coli 0157:H7 from Diarrhoeic HIV/AIDS patients was 1.9% of which 33.3% and 66.7% were from males and females respectively. The cumulative antibiotic resistance frequency of the isolates was 56.7%. All the 3(100%) E. coli 0157:H7 isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Augmentin, 2(66.7%) to Cotrimoxazole, Sparfloxacin, Ofloxacin and Streptomycin. The isolates showed lower frequencies of resistance to Chloramphenicol (33.3%), Ciprofloxacin (33.3%), Gentamicin (33.3%), and Pefloxacin (0.0%). Resistance phenotypes recorded were: Cotrimoxazole-Chloramphenicol- Spafloxacin-Ciprofloxacin-Amoxicillin-Augmentin-Streptomycin; Spafloxacin-Amoxicillin-Augmentin- Gentamicin-Ofloxacin and Cotrimoxazole-Amoxicillin-Augmentin-Ofloxacin-Streptomycin with the same frequency (33.3%). There was joint resistance of E. coli 0157:H7 isolates to almost all antibiotics tested, with the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 0.5 and 0.7 which indicates that these isolates were exposed to these antimicrobial agents. The high degree of antibiotic resistance and MAR indices suggests the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends in immunocompromised patients who are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections with Shiga Toxin- Producing E. coli 0157:H7.
Open Access
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rabies in and Around Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2017-07-27) Reuben, Rine Christopher; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Mwanta, Dachung Pam
Rabies is endemic in Nigeria and other developing codfatries, killing 55,000 people annually. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies in and around Lafia, Central Nigeria. Semistructured questionnaires were administered to 200 consenting respondents from urban and sub-urban areas in Lafia. Of the 200 respondents, 76.5% heard of rabies with 89% and 64% from urban and sub-urban areas. There was no significant difference on the awareness of rabies among respondents from urban and sub-urban areas (P>0.05). Although there was misperception about the cause of rabies, 41% of the respondents indicated that it can be transmitted through dog bite and contact with open wound, as 36.5% were aware that human and other domestic animals can be affected by rabies. Sudden change in behavior was the obvious clinical manifestation after dog bite as asserted by 42.5% of the respondents. Majority (54.0%) of the respondents will seek post-exposure prophylaxis after dog bite, 18.5% will seek traditional treatment, 16.5% both the later and the former while 11.0% will not take any measure. However, 77.5% of the respondents indicated that legs were the commonest place of dog bile, 69.5% mentioned children as the most risky population. Only 14.0% and 18.5% of the respondents vaccinated their dog and were also vaccinated against rabies while 25.5% and 22.5% recorded the availability of both vaccines. After dog bite, 53.5% and 37.5% of the respondents will prefer to lie and kill the dogs, as 9.0% will take no action. Therefore, the need for rabies awareness programmes within the study area is vital. Rabies vaccines, immunoglobulin and facilities that administer them must become affordable and readily available locally for both dogs and humans.
Open Access
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lassa fever in and around Lafia, Central Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2016-01-23) Reuben, Rine Christopher; Gyar, Dogara Silas
This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lassa fever in and around Lafia, Central Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 consenting respondents from urban and sub-urban areas in Lafia. Of the 200 respondents, 87% heard of Lassa fever with 89% and 80% from urban and sub-urban areas. There was no significant difference on the awareness of Lassa fever among respondents from urban and sub-urban areas (P>0.05). There was misperception about species affected and modes of transmission of the disease, nevertheless bleeding was mentioned by 39% of the respondents as the major clinical manifestation. Also, 83% of the respondents had rats/rodents in and around their residence, of which 28% come into contact with urine/feaces of the rodents and 24% consume foods contaminated by the rodents. However, 85% of the respondents do not believe in the existence of Lassa fever. Most respondents (41%) reported that they will show some discriminatory attitudes towards individuals suspected or having Lassa fever. Furthermore, 67% of the respondents were optimistic to accept possible vaccine candidate against the disease. Public health awareness especially among the sub-urban dwellers should be intensified so as to reduce the spread of both the vector and the virus.
Open Access
Molecular techniques: Prospects in crop enhancement, production, sustainance and improvement in a developing economy
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-02-19) Mairiga, Jamey Peters; Gyar, Dogara Silas
Today there is a steady pace of advancements in efficacy, productivity and stability in plant breeding the World over. However, new approaches and knowledge are needed to permit feasible incorporation of desirable traits from exotic plants into mainstream crop improvement programs. Understanding the nature of genetic variations in traits is therefore an essential element in developing rational approaches for biochemical pathway modifications related to crop improvement just as novel diversity is needed for pest resistance, yield and enhanced kernel traits. This paper has attempted to address the role of molecular markers in crop improvement and production, outlining its roles in a developing economy. It also provides an overview of the techniques, applications and issues involved in the use of molecular markers for the improvement of domestic plant populations
Open Access
Proximate Composition and Functional Properties of Mushroom Flours from Ganoclerma spp., .Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Sing, and Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quel. Used in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-01-29) Aremu, M.O.; Basu, S.K.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Goyal, A.; Bhowmik, P.K.; Datta, Banik S.
The proximate composition and functional properties of three edible mushroom (Canodenna spp., Omphalotus oicarlus (DC.) Sing, and Hebeloma mesophacum (Pers.) Qu61.) flours used in Nasarawa state, Nlgarla were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The samples contained crude proteih ln the range of 18.5% in Omphalotus olearius to 21,5% in Canodenna spp. Crude fat varied with values ranging- from 6.9% in Ganoderma spp. to 8.7% in Omphalotus olearius. Other proximate composition values were in the following ranges: moisture content 10.0 - 11.1%, ash 7.3 - 8.3%, crude fibre 2.8 - 3.5% and carbohydrate (by difference) 50.3 - 50.9%. The range values of functional properties were: foaming capacity 101.8'- L31.5%, foaming stability 51.0 - 54.0%, water absorption capacity 260.0 - 390.0%, oil absorption'dapaclty 450 - 480%, oil emulsion capacity 57.3 - 61.0mLg_ , least gelation concentration 12.0 - 14.0% and bulk density 230.0 - 410.0gmL'1. The results showed that these nutrient rich mushroom flours under investigation may prove useful in the formulation of different food products where foaming, emulsification,..retention of flavour and palatablllty as well as. gel formation are required.
Open Access
Proximate, mineral and amino acid values in wild Pleurotus cervinus species of Tropical Nigerian Savannah
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2008-10-20) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Mairiga, Jamey Peters; Gimba, Y.W.
A wild edible species of Pleutus cervinus mushroom was picked up for analysis for proximate, mineral and amino acid values with a view to determining these very essential components in it. The experimental sample was obtained from the savannah grassland of the Nasarawa State University campus forest in tropical Nigeria. .Proximate analysis for percentage ash, crude protein, crude fibre, and carbohydrate were determined. Amino acid analysis was done by the use of the Technicon Sequential Amino acid Analyser (TSM).while analysis for a metal was done using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).The proximate analysis showed that this mushroom contains 33.25% protein, 29.01 and carbohydrate and 14.12%fatamong others .Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of glutamic acid with the highest concentration of 9.23 g/100 protein followed by lysine with of 8.62 g/100 protein then leucine with 6.50 g/100 protein among others while cystein concentration was lowest at 0.32g/100 protein. The concentration of Calcium was the highest among metals analysed with 227.99mg/l followed by magnesium with 79.09, with copper having 62.77mg/l.The lowest concentration of 0.090mg/l was obtained for lead. The significance of these results for a wild non domesticated species of mushroom has discussed and followed with appropriate recommendations.
Open Access
Study on the Distribution of HIV/AIDS Infections among Age Groups Attending General Hospital Toto, Central Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2014-08-13) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Reuben, Rine Christopher; Haruna, M.S.
HIV/AIDS continues to remain a serious public health problem in the developing nations of the world especially in Nigeria, where about 2.9 million people are living with the infection. This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HIV with associated risk factors among various age groups attending General Hospital Toto, Central Nigeria. Two hundred blood samples were collected and screened for HIV using conventional methods. The observed cumulative seroprevalence of studied cases was 20.50%, with patients within the age groups 51- 60 and 31- 40 having a high seroposifivity while the least seropositivity was recorded among 11-20 and 0-10 age groups. Various risk factors examined indicated that farmers, illiterates, singles and males had high seroprevalence of 39.13%, 32.55%, 26.47% and 23.37% respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship (P>0.05) between the various age groups and other predisposing risk factors examined. Efforts on the enlightenment campaign and orientation of the rural populace about HIV infection especially the reproductive age group are considered here as recommendation for averting or at least minimizing the scourge amongst populations of the study area.
Open Access
Study on the Distribution of HSV/AUDS Infections among Age Groups Attending General Hospital Toto, Central Nigeria
(Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2014-08-13) Gyar, Dogara Silas; Reuben, Rine Christopher; Haruna, M.S.
HIV/AIDS continues to remain a serious public health problem in the developing nations of the world especially in Nigeria, where about 2.9 million people are living with the infection. This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HIV with associated risk factors among various age groups attending General Hospital Toto, Central Nigeria. Two hundred blood samples were collected and screened for HIV using conventional methods. The observed cumulative seroprevalence of studied cases was 20.50%, with patients within the age groups 51- 60 and 31- 40 having a high seropositivity while the least seropositivity was recorded among 11-20 and 0-10 age groups. Various risk factors examined indicated that farmers, illiterates, singles and males had high seroprevalence of 39.13%, 32.55%, 26.47% and 23.37% respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship (P>0.05) between the various age groups and other predisposing risk factors examined. Efforts on the enlightenment campaign and orientation of the rural populace about HIV infection especially the reproductive age group are considered here as recommendation for averting or at least minimizing the scourge amongst populations of the study area.