Browsing by Author "Gbate, M."

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    28-day subchronic toxicity studies of 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate in albino rats
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-10-01) Ajiboso, S.O.; Gbate, M.; Ajari, O.I.; Adeyemo, S.O.
    Sixty adult Rattus novergicus (both sexes) of mean body weight of 150.0 ± 3.5 g was distributed into 6 groups of 10 rats per group (same sex). The groups A, B, C, D, E and F were exposed to adjusted dosages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) respectively by inhalation from day 1 to day 28. At p<0.05, DDVP caused significant decrease in GPT activity, WBC and lymphocytes levels in exposed groups while GOT activity, creatinine, haemoglobin, PCV and neutrophil levels were significantly increased. Increase in GOT activity and creatinine level was dose-related. ALP activity was unchanged in groups exposed to 20%; decreased in groups exposed to 40%, 60% and 80% while significant increase was observed in group exposed to 100% DDVP. Albumin was also significantly increased in groups exposed to 80% and 100% DDVP. Groups exposed to 0%, 20% and 40% DDVP showed GOT/GPT ratios <1 while >1 was the value obtained for groups exposed to 60%, 80% and 100%. Groups exposed to 0%, 20% and 40% DDVP showed weight gain while weight loss was recorded in group exposed to 100% DDVP throughout the experimental period. Investigated parameters were generally higher in group exposed to 100% than other groups. Severe toxicity was observed in group exposed to 100% DDVP after 21 d of continuous exposure. Cholinergic signs observed in severely affected group that was exposed to 100% DDVP included anorexia, muscular tremors, mucous nasal discharges, increased frequency of salivation and urine staining, decreased body weight gain and diarrhoea. No adverse effects or cholinergic signs were observed in the functional observational battery and locomotor of the rats exposed to 0% to 80%; the NOEL was determined to be 20%. No mortality was recorded and none was killed because of intoxication. The leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, increased haemoglobin, albumin and creatinine established in this study resulted from increased DDVP concentration and were attributed to malnutrition from low feed intake and dehydration
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    A study on the performance of grain residues rations in ANAK 2000 chicks.
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2007-08-08) Ajiboso, S.O.; Gbate, M.; Adejumo, O.I.; Adeyemo, S.O.
    The study was conducted to determine the performance of grain residues as feed resources in chicks. Three different rations were formulated using grain residues and salted groundnut cake. The performance of these rations (F2, F3, and F4) and commercial feed (F1) were comparatively studied for a period of ten weeks in term of body weight gain, temperature and cytological implications in ANAK 2000 chicks. The results revealed that the chicks maintained on the commercial feed had comparative better performance in term of body weight gain than grain residues. Comparatively, the maize husk ration (F2) had better performance than rice husk (F3) and cowpea pod (F4) rations. This performance may be attributed to some factors such as its documented nutritive values and its colour, aroma and texture which compare favourably with the commercial feed. At P< 0.05, there was a significant difference between feeds effect and body weight gain, but no significant difference was observed between feeds effect and body temperature of chicks. No blood haemorrhage and ulceration was revealed in the result of cytological examinations of gastrointestinal lining, heart, lung and gizzard of the chicks. From the work carried out, maize husk which is otherwise wasted is hereby recommended for rural poultry farmers as a feed resource for formulation of a least cost ration, which will be economical, reduce space occupied by biomass and enhance the performance of the chicks