Browsing by Author "Enemali, Michael Okey"

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    MODULATORY EFFECT OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Pterocarpus santalinoides HOOK F. (RED SANDALWOOD) ONACETAMINOPHENINDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-03-29) Enemali, Michael Okey; Udedi, Stanley Chidi; Ubaoji, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Augustine, Emmanuel
    There is increasing incidences of drug (paracetamol) toxicity resulting from its overdose and quests for the use of alternative medicinein the prevention and treatment of liver related ailments worldwide. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides (Red Sandals wood) were screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant potentials. The extracts were administered to rats, to test for their protective effect on paracetamolinduced hepatotoxicity. Twenty five (25) rats were randomly selected and divided into five (5) groups of 5 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 animals were given feed and water only, group three were fed with the chow, water and pretreated with silymarin. Groups 4 and 5 were given feed, water with aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of the plant respectively. All the animals except those in group 1 were then administered with 2 g/kg of body weight single dose of acetaminophen. Using standard biochemical methods, the hepatoprotective effect of the extracts were assessed by determining the liver function and the activities of the liver antioxidant enzymes. Results show the presence of bioactive compounds in the extracts based on the solvent of extraction. The concentrations of proteins and the activities of the liver antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased, while the concentration of bilirubin and serum activities of ALT and ALP were markedly reduced by the extracts. In conclusion, both the aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of the plant showed the potency of protecting the liver from the toxicity induced by a single 2 g/kg body weight dose of acetaminophen.
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    Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Cucurbita maxima (PUMPKIN) leaf on acetaminophen-induced acute liver toxicity
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-06-18) Enemali, Michael Okey; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana
    Ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) were screened for their phytochemical composition. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by assessing the free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity. Twenty rats divided into four groups were used for this study with group 4 pre- treated with the extract and later intoxicated with 2 g/kg single dose of acetaminophen. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was determined by measuring the liver function parameters, liver antioxidant enzyme activities and the rats liver histological micrograph. The ethanolic extract was found to be a rich source of bioactive compounds and showed a direct variation in in vitro free radical (DPPH) scavenging property. DPPH scavenging property increases as the concentration of the extract increases from 0.03 to 0.12 mg/l (8.9 - 64.2%) but dropped sharply to 52.2% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. A 400 mg/kg daily pre-treatment (for seven days) with ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was able to offer protection to the hepatic cells of the rats. This was evidenced in the significant (p<0.05) reduction of the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 117.30±57.50 to 31.26±11.22 µ/l and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from 209.80±67.00 µ/l to 172.00±30.31 µ/l, significant (p<0.05) increase of the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) from 115.60±10.03 to 235.45±43.52 µ/mg, superoxide dismutase (SOD) from 0.02±0.01 to 0.09±0.05 U/mg and catalase (CAT) from 2.50±2.60 to 10.23±5.05 U/mg in the test group when compared with the negative control. Also, the lobular architecture of the hepatocytes was well-preserved in the test group. Based on the experimental results obtained here, C. maxima has an important role in medicine as it plays a role in scavenging free radicals, stimulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and preserving the liver architecture, thereby protecting the liver against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity.
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    WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Acacia hockii De WILD ON WOUND EXCISED ALBINO RATS
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-09-13) Zaruwa, M.Z.; Ater, M.M.; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Muhammad, B.Y.; Enemali, Michael Okey
    The Fali tribe of Mubi, Adamawa State, uses the pulverized bark of Acacia Hockii De Wild (Kuffran) for treatment of wounds and traditional embalmment. This experiment was aimed at evaluating the wound healing potential of the aqueous extract of A. hockii De Wild bark on albino rats. A total of twelve rats were used for the experiment and the animals were divided into four groups (Gp) of three rats each. Gp 1-wounded-untreated; Gp 2- wounded, treated with petroleum jelly; Gp 3- wounded, treated with standard drug and Gp 4 - wounded, treated with A. hockii extract. Wound excision was done following standard procedures, while treatment was performed by topical application for 9 days, and healing was measured (cm) at intervals of 3 days. Results obtained, showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the percentage wound contractions in all the experimental groups, though the highest (11.00 ± 0.02%) was in the group 4 treated with A. hockii extract when compared to control group 1 (1.0 ± 0.65%), group 2 (5.33 ± 0.65%) and group 3 (6.83 ± 0.65%) which was observed between day 0 and day 3. The rate of wound contractions increased significantly (p < 0.0 5) by the 9th day when compared to the 3rd and the 6th day, respectively. Higher contractions were observed mostly in groups 4 and 3 when compared to the other groups (control and group 2). This research therefore provides scientific justification to the use of Acacia hockii De Wild bark powder in wound treatment and possibly having some antimicrobial activities as well.