Browsing by Author "David, Ishaleku"

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    DISEASE EMERGENCE AND RESISTANCE OF MICROBES TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ? AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-07-25) David, Ishaleku
    Specific factors such as ecological, environmental, or demographic have placed people at an f increased contact with previously unfamiliar microbes, their natural hosts or have promoted their dissemination. These factors are increasing in prevalence and this increase, together with the ongoing evolution of viral and microbial variants and selection for drug resistance suggest that infections will continue to emerge and probably increase. The discovery of antimicrobial drugs, the availability of biotechnological tools and significant breakthroughs in science and technology were to make us believe that infectious diseases were a scourge of the past. But tragically before the developed countries were able to fully benefit from the medical advances, we face a major risk that diseases considered vanquished in industrialized countries will once again become killers, bringing an ever present threat of sudden death and disability. Unfortunately too, there is no assurance that the development of antimicrobial drugs can keep pace with the speed at which microbial pathogens develop resistance. This is the risk that threatens the industrialized countries and blocks the progress of health in the developing world. This paper attempts to review the challenges of antimicrobial resistance, the cause, and the way out of this scourge of antimicrobial resistance as we look unto the millennium development goals.
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    MICROORGANISMS IN COMMERCIAL MOTORCYCLE HELMETS: AN EXCELLENT MEDIUM FOR MICROBIAL TRANSMISSION
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2010-10-13) David, Ishaleku; Ugbabe, O.S.
    One hundred and fifteen (115) commercial motorcycle helmets were randomly screened to determine microorganisms of public health importance in Bwari Area Council of FCT. Swabs were aseptically analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated from commercial motorcycle helmets were Staphylococcus aureus (86.1%), Streptococcus sp (74%), Bacillus sp (79%), Escherichia coli (62%) and among the fungi contaminants were Pityrosporum sp (86%), Candida sp (63%), Aspergillus sp (88%), Trichophyton sp (77%) and Malassezia sp (57%). The prevalence of microorganisms on motorcycle helmets in relation to their status was higher among the old and the full-face helmets, the part of helmet with the highest prevalence were the chin bars. The Trichophyton species however, had higher prevalence on the top inner liner of helmets. This study revealed the potential risk of microbial transmission through commercial motorcycle helmets in the area and the prevention of which is of great public health concern.
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    Molecular diversity of multi-resistant and extended–spectrum beta lactamase– producing Escherichia coli from door handles in Lafia, central Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-07-13) Tsaku, P.A.; Ibrahim, T.; Istifanus, Haruna Nkene; Abimiku, Rejoice Helma; David, Ishaleku; Pennap, Grace Rinmecit; Ngwai, Y.B.
    Human hands have been implicated as a major source of dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms through fomites. This study investigated the diversity of ESBL-producing in E. coli isolates from door handles using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). An occurrence of 77(19.25%) of E. coli out of 400 samples was recovered from different locations. The study of antibiotics resistance showed that ampicillin, ceftazidime, and streptomycin were predominantly resistant. Multiple antibiotics resistance index of ≥0.3 was recorded in 73(94.81%) of the isolates. A total of 40 resistant phenotypes were observed in this study, with AMP-AUG-CAZ-CRO-S-CIP-SXT-TE-C being the commonest. Twenty isolates were characterised as Multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, followed by, pan drug resistance (PDR) and extensive resistance (XDR) phenotypes recorded in 12 and 8 isolates respectively. Thirty-six (36) ESBL-producers were identified out of which 14 harboured blaTEM, while 5 and 9 were carriers of blaSHV and blaCTX-M respectively. Most of the isolates shared a common origin, as revealed by result of the RFLP. The outcome of this study suggests the need for improved personal hygiene and the need for all stakeholders to be proactive in curtailing the spread of resistant pathogens.
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    Prevalence of Malaria Infection among People Living with HIV/AIDS at Federal Medical Center Keffi (Nassarawa State), Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2018-09-10) Bello, Bashirat; David, Ishaleku
    Malaria and HIV are among the most important health problems of our time overlap extensively and co-infecting large numbers of people. The study was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among those living with HIV/AIDS within age and sex groups. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples of patients within the age range of 1 to 60 years old, attending Federal Medical Center, Keffi were examined for the presence of malaria parasites by thick blood film using Geimsa stain. Standard laboratory procedures were used for HIV screening and plasmodium parasites identification. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among age groups; with (1-10), (11-20) and (41-50) have the highest prevalence rate of infection (71.4%), while age (51-60) have the lowest prevalence (40%). In relation to gender female have the higher prevalence rate of (67.2%), while male have (61.5%). The research also revealed that patients with CD4 cell count less than 200 cells pf1 has the higher prevalence rate of malaria infection (36.1%). Conclusion: This indicates that HIV/AIDS patients have the highest rate of malaria and this could be as a result of immune compromised among the sample group. Which showed that female has the highest malaria infection rate together with age (0-10), (11-20) and (41-50) among age groups.
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    SEASONAL PREVALENCE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN ISOLATES OF 11 SALMONELLA SPECIES IN NASARAWA STATE, THE NORTH CENTRAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2017-01-10) David, Ishaleku
    The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi is the most challenging aspect of typhoid treatment in the therapeutic scenario. This study was carried out to determine the seasonal prevalence and multidrug resistant S’, typhi and S. paratyphi isolates in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. A total of 1200 stool samples were collected from typhoid fever patients, and typhoid bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods and tested for their susceptibility to 8 commonly used antibiotics. Of this, 599(49.9%) samples showed significant bacterial growth in which S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 260(21.7%) and 339(28.3%) respectively. Seasonal isolation rate in the study showed Salmonella species infection occurring throughout the year and was associated with geographical zones (P<0.05). Seasonal isolation was highest in the month of April (early month of the rainy season) with the Western geographical zone of the state having the highest prevalence. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) among the isolates in terms of their susceptibility from the 3 geographical zones of the state. Isolates were highly susceptible to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone and highly resistant to Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin/clauvulinic acid, and Teteracycline. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant and were significantly associated with geographical zones (P<0.05). For example, 36.8%, 43.6%, and 34.7% in the Northern, Southern, and Western geographical zones were resistant to four (4) antibiotics respectively. Improvement of safe water supply, intensive health education and public health measures particularly on issues such as improving personal and food hygiene and hand washing were recommended.
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    UNDERSTANDING THE INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC PARAMETERS OF MICROBIAL FOOD SPOILAGE AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2010-03-15) David, Ishaleku
    The association between man, food and microorganisms is one that has been long before recorded history. Foods generally are not only of nutritional value to those that consume them but often axe ideal culture media for microbial growth. Though microorganisms have exhibited tremendous importance, they have been known too to register great destruction to our foods. Tim?* the issues of food spoilage and public health hazards caused by microorgau-yt1^ arc issues of great concern as we look onto the millennium development goals especially in the area of safe food supply and food security. Microbial growth in or on food can convert aa attractive and appealing food into a sour, foul-smelling, or fungus covered mass. Understanding the general intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that facilitate microbial food spoilage will immensely assist in the control of food spoilage as we look onto the Millennium development goals. This paper attempts to look at the various types of microbial food spoilage, methods of preservation and the challenges they pose on the issue of safe food supply since zero risk of food microbial borne is not possible.