NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Chessed, G."

Browsing by Author "Chessed, G."

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Open Access
CO-INFECTION OF THYPHOID FEVER AND MALARIA AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING YOLA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, ADAMAWA STATE-NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-04-20) Chessed, G.; Andrew, Yako B.; Danailu, G.
Malaria and typhoid fevers are major scourges that people suffer from in tropical countries. Both infections have similar symptoms, requiring accurate and careful laboratory diagnosis for effective treatment. A total of 180 blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Specialist Hospital Yola, with the clinical symptoms for malaria and S. vyphi and examined for malaria and S. Typhi infection. One hundred and thirty.> one (72.8%), were positive for malaria, males (20.56%) while females (52.22%). Sixty.f eight. (5.3.3%) were positive for S. Typhi, males (16.11%)), while females (53.3%). X2 analysis showed no significant relationship between malaria and typhoid in relation to age and sex. (P—0.05, —12.592. X2cal —0.824 and P—0.05. =3.84X2cal = 1.29 respectively). There was high (37,8%)) co-infection with malaria and Salmonella, among patients. The incidence of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection will greatly reduce ' if blood culture is used in the diagnosis of typhoid in malaria endemic regions.
Open Access
Concentration of Heavy Metals In Soil around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore, Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-03-19) Chessed, G.; Sakiyo, D.C,; Andrew, Yako B.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in the soil environments. Heavy metals arc major components of these wastes and have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man: This study examined the concentration of Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in soil near dumpsites of.fimcla and Ngurore, Yola North Local Government Areas (LG As), Adamawa State. Soil samples from 0-20cm layer depth were collected in triplicates and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that Fe, Pb, Cu and Chromium were detected, while Cadmium was found to be below the limit of detection. 'The mean concentration of the exchangeable cation in. mg/lcg in soil at Jirneta sites were: Fe (3 1.4 mn/kg) >Pb (0.92 mg/kg) > Cu (0.34 ing/lcg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), while the mean concentration of the heavy metals in soil at Ngurore sites were: Fe (32 mg/kg) >Pb (0.83 mg/kg) > Cu (0.28 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/leg) >Cd (below limit of detection), respectively. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant element in both sites, followed by Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in soil followed the order ofFe>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd, respectively. The paired T-tcst analyses for concentration of Cr, Fe, and Pb in soil near the two dumpsites show that there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of Cr, Fc, and Pb, while Cu showed no statistically significant difference between the two dumpsites. However, all the metals detected were below die permissible limit of WHO international standard with the exception of Pb whose concentration was above maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Persistent heavy metals accumulation in soils near these dumpsites may lead to increase uptake by vegetables grown near thedumpsites and this may pose a threat to its quality and safely and ultimately human health. The need to replace open dumpsites with well-designed landfills is advised.
Open Access
Cryptosporidium:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-04-15) Andrew, Yako B.; Bolade, I.A; Chessed, G.; Katuka, G.; Hassan, SC.
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parv-um ill people infected'with IUV/AIDS at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi was an infection in relation to sex and age of the immunocompromised patients. 200 stools were diagnosed and analyzed from patients infected with HIV within 1‘A hrs after collection. The pathogenic C. parvnm was diagnosed using a inodified-acid-fnst (Zichl-Nclson) given that C. parvumlins been known to be difficult to characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Here, 29 (14.5%) cases were positive with C. parvinn, 14(7.0%) were found to contain mucous in the stool texture, 20 (10.0%) were however, (liprrhoeic and 4 (2.0%) cases both contained mucous and diarrhoeic in texture. Also in the males 4 ■ (11.1%) were j)osilivc with C. pa rvu moo cysts, higher in the females. 25 (15.3%), cases .were found positively significant iii relation to sexes (X2 = Q.577<0.05). among the ages of 20 - 39 years as sexually active group were high with C. parvumoocysts with significant 'difference among the age groups (X2=0.768<0.05). However, C. parvumremnins a major clinical problem in patients living with HIV infection and suggests here that, routine stool examination will significantly; benefit immunocompromised patients by reducing high morbidity and mortality rate.thereby improving the quality of life
Open Access
Enteric Protozoonoses among HIV/AIDS Patients at Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Keffi, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2017-12-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Agugua, O.; Chessed, G.; Auta, K.L.
Open Access
AN EPIDEMIC OF COCCIDIOSIS IN CHICKENS SOLD IN KEFFI CENTRAL MARKET, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2016-12-16) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics of coccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Rimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found • infected, with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimerici mitis 28(11%); with the least in E. tenella 1 (0.0%) amoftg the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were ' present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, shows the level of immunity of various breeds •' ’ ol chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market (%2=102.40>S-99) at 5% \ level of significance. However, farmers should ensure adequate safety standards and maintained tie relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
Family Eimeridae:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics ofcoccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Eimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found infected with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimeria mitis 28(11%) with the least in E. tenella 1(0.0%) among the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, Shows the level of immunity of various breeds of chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market IQ-? 40>5.99) at 5% level of significance. However, farmers" should ensure adequate safety standards and ' tainted the relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
Intestinal Parasites among Patients attending Federal Medical Centre and Specialist Hospital, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2019-01-01) Kadabiyu, G.J.; Chessed, G.; Andrew, Yako B.; Daniel, L.
Intestinal parasites are identified as a cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world particularly in the developing countries. This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors for specific and multiple infections among patients attending Federal Medical Centre and Specialist Hospital, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The unsanitary environment and indiscriminate defaecation in Yola communities and environs is common. People commonly move bare-footed; and consumption of contaminated foods and water which leads to increase in diarrhoeal cases among inhabitants. Four hundred and twenty-three (423) stool samples were randomly collected and analyzed in the laboratory using saline wet mount procedure and formal ether concentration technique. Of the 423, 103(24.3%) had intestinal parasites with a total of seven parasite species were observed. The frequency of occurrence of intestinal parasites from the stools examined indicates that Entamoeba histolytica was the most predominant 32(7.6%), and Ascaris lumbricoides was least predominant 8(1.9%). Co-infection with Hymenolepis nan a and Gardia lamblia was also observed 2(0.5%). Prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in males 71(16.8%) than in females 32(7.6%); while according to age groups, it was higher among 11-20 years old 36(8.6%) and lowest among 41 and above years old -10(2.4%). There was statistically significant difference between intestinal parasitic infection and gender (P<0.05). However. there was no statistically significant difference between intestinal parasitic infection and age (P>0.05). This finding provides data for understanding the epidemiological status of the human gastrointestinal parasites which would be useful in the effectiveformulation and control of the parasitic diseases.
Open Access
MICROSPORA: SPORES INFILTRATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AMONG HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL ADMISSION, KEFFI, NIGERIA
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2005-04-21) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Adebayo, E.A.; Chessed, G.
The infiltration of Microsporidium species in HIV/AIDS patients was subjected to parasitological examination of stool specimens at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. Of the total number 200/93 (46.50%) were positive for Microsporidium species. Giemsa ipethod was used and High infection rate was observed in both sexes (50.00%) and Civil servants (50.00%) were most vulnerable to microsporidium infection. The species, Enterocyto zoonbieneusi and Encephalito zoonintestinalis (21.50%) got infiltrated in the . gastrointestinal epithelium of of HIV/AIDS patients with a significant association of microsporidium and HIV virus ( = 3.288 < 7.815, df = 3). ). However, diarrhoea was frequent in the ages of 21 and 40 years (3 — 10 times bowel/ day). This condition was considered a significant cause of death and accelerates the patient’s illness with dehydration and emaciation seen among .patients. This calls for strict hygienic conditions to avoid infection* with microsporidia spores contaminated in water or food. .
Open Access
Parasitological contamination of vegetables from gardens in Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-04-14) Kwalagbe, B.T,; Chessed, G.; Furo, N.A,; Shadrach, A.P,; Andrew, Yako B.; Idris, M.A,; Shitta, K.B,
A total of 81 samples each of AmarantussppandLactuca sativa were randomly' collected from vegetable gardens in Jimeta metropolis, Adamawa, Nigeria, to determine.the level, of parasitological contamination. Vegetable, were washed and concentration of the parasites was done by centrifugal floatation technique. Thirty three (40.7%) of Amarantus spp. and fifty two (64.2%) of Lactuca sativa were-positive with one or more intestinal parasite. Parasites detected were: Schistosomamansoni(A7/\%), Ascarislumbricoides('30.Q%), Strongyloidessiercpralis(§.Q), Hookworm (7.7%), Schistosomahaematobium(\.9%),Diphylobotriumlatum(0.9) and Entamoeba coli (0.9).Prevelance of parasite varied significantly with vegetable type (P<0.05).The role of fresh vegetables in the transmission of intestinal parasites has been emphasized by this study. The need to treat municipal wastewater before it can be used for irrigation is paramount.
Open Access
Perception about mosquitoes and bed net use in relation to malaria among nomadic Fulani people of Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-04-20) Chessed, G.; Idris, M.A,; Shadrach, P. A,; Andrew, Yako B.; Adamu, A.Y,; Shitta, K.B,
Perception about mosquitoes and bed net use in relation to malaria in under-five children I among nomadic Fulani of northeastern Nigeria was carried out. Three hundred (300) households! with under-five children, presumed sick with malaria were sampled. Focus group discussions, in-! depth interviews, as well as pre-tested structured questionnaires were used in face-to-facei interviews to elicit information on health-seeking behavior from mothers of the under-five children.; From the study, 32 (10.7%j) respondents linked malaria to mosquitoes. Ideas about the causes ofj malaria did not differ significantly between ethnic group (P> 0.05).Majority of respondents believed! malaria occur in the rainy season, while 51 (17%) fell it can be experienced in the dry season. Respondents.differ also on the frequencies of malaria. While 137 (45.7%) said malaria can occur twice a year, 106 (35.3%) said jt can occur once a year, Only 66 (22%) of. respondents said all categories of people can have malaria. Sixteen (5.3%) respondents said keeping mosquitoes away couid prevent malaria, while others cited non biomedical source. 76 (25.3%) of respondents owned nets and 22 (7.3%) gave preference to children as those in the family who should sleep under nets. As to effectiveness of nets-in preventing malaria, 11 (3.7%) perceived nets can stop one from having malaria. Due to the low perception on the seriousness of malaria among the- study population group, the need for health education messages that targets biomedical causes of malaria and introduction of insecticide treated nets is necessary.
Open Access
A Pilot Study of Microsporidia Species in Uro-Genital of Female Students, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2017-12-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Aluko, E.F.; Auta, K.I.; Chessed, G.
Microsporidium species is an emerging, relatively recognised infection in humans. The parasitological diagnosis of clinical microsporidiosis of uro-genital samples were randomly collected among female student of Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Though, urine samples were centrifuged and the deposits air dried and fixed with 10% Giemsa ’ stain for 30m-lhr. out* of JbO vulvo-vagina.fluid samples evaluated, 14 (7.0%') positive with- microsporidia infection against 186(%) without microsporidium. Monthly distribution in August 5 (9.61%) was relatively high and the least observed in June 2 (3.07%) with no;significant difference in the distribution of microsporidium in the months of the year (x = 5.19 < 7.81, df = 3, p<0.05). Age was a factor 6 (9.68%) were positive between age-24 -•'26yrs old and the least 4 (4.13%) between 18 - 20yrs old vvith no symptoms of..intestinal disorder and no significant difference of microsporidium among the age groups (x2=3.59 < 7.81, df = 3, P < 0.05). Microsporidia . present in water sources that pose a risk for transmission to humans and animals. Personal food hygiene^drinking water, and health support are needed to fully recover were from these conditions/;
Open Access
A Pilot Study Of Microsporidiosis And CD4 T-Ceils In North- Central, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2014-02-02) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, O.O.; Lar, P.; Chessed, G.; Auta, K.I.
Two species of Microsporidia were Identified: (Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cunlpuli) among .the non-HIV. and. immunocompromised individuals at the Jos. Plateau, and Benue State, Nigeria. In Jos, 500 species were subjected to laboratory test and the Infection rate of microsporidium species were 1(0.5%) for gastroenterilis with <350 cell/pl;. 15(15.0%) .were HIV individuals with <200 cell/ |j|; and -19(19.0%) AIDS patients had low CD4 counts (<100 cell/, pi). The severity of the illness was seen to have impact on the GD4 counts of the individuals in Makurdi where,. in both sexes 5(3.5%) students had <100 cells/ pi CD4 counts with corresponding fail in 36(5.7%)-Civil servants of <100 ’cells/ pi cells count* Housewives were 44(6.8%) with <50 cells/ pi, and others (undefined occupational status) 11(1.5%) had CD4.counts'<90 cell/ pL Microsporidiosis is'now known to .' cause a serious threat in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria.with less pathogenesis among non-HIV individuals hence, P<±1:96. critical region, we.-accept that,, there was'a significant difference in the distribution of Microsporidiosis among sexes'In Makurdi with the x2=0.59<7.8-at '5% level of significance (indicating a significant difference in sex related prevalence at the Jos, Plateau), However, there was’high level of social, behavior-observed al'Makurdi with a general low CD4 counts (<50 cell/pl-<100 cell/pi).
Open Access
PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF MALARIA AMONG INFANTS AND. CHILDREN IN YOLA NORTH LOCALGOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-04-13) Chessed, G.; Lazarus, J. T.,; Andrew, Yako B.; Egbucha, K.
Studies were carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria’parasite infection among \ inianis and children (0-12yrs) in Yola North Local Government Area,’Adamawa State, North Eastern• Nigeria. Study was carried out at Yola Specialist Hospital.' Thick and thin films were made and stained using standard parasitological.procedures.,Structured Questionnaires were administered to ascertain the.' age. sex. drugs or insecticides used and state of health of the subjects. b*e fore recruiting them into the study. Overall. 140 (74.9%) of the 187 children investigated were found to have malaria infection.'Age ’ • group (0-6years) had the highest prevalence rate of 56.4 % with mean-parasite density of 850 and the difference between the age groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Children of illiterates from • sub-urban villages had the highest mean parasite density of 950 with 17,1% prevalence rate for malaria.-' With regards to treatment, 23.6% of the children-were given.local herbs and 18.5% used orthodox ' medicine as prophylaxis. Only 213% used insecticide treated mosquito nets while 19.6% of the parents sprayed insecticides to prove lit mosquito bites. There is therefore need for more awareness on effective use of drugs and Insecticide Treated bed nets in malaria hyper endemic regions.
Open Access
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG DRY SEASON VEGETABLE FARMERS IN JIMETA METROPOLIS, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-04-15) Kwalagbe, B.T,; Chessed, G.; Alo, E.B.; Andrew, Yako B.
Two hundred farmers who use wastewater for dry season vegetable production were studied for the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Stool samples collected from study subjects were subjected to formal-ether concentration method for parasite detection.. Overall, 71(35,5%) of participants were posit i vefor the following intestinal parasites: A. lumhricoides (15.49%), E. coli (19.72%), ‘ E. histolytica (7.04%), H. di/ninuta (7.04%). Hookworms (36.6%) and S. stercoralis (14.08%). The highest prevalence 51 (71.8%) of infection was among the 11 -16 years age group while the least 1 (1.4%) was among the 17-22 years age group (Table I) (P<(). 05). Only nudes were involved in gardening owing to the cultural and religi < nts vetting of the settlement in which the study was carried out. Untreated wastewater is a source of infection with pathogens, it is therefore necessary to treat sewage before being discharged. Providing an . efficient sun i fair system is also important. There is need for public enlightenment campaign on good hvgiene practices.
Open Access
Trichomonasvaginalis:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2015-02-15) Andrew, Yako B.; Maria, F.I.; Hassan, SC.; Chessed, G.; Katuka, G.
Tnchonomonasvaginalis: an etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection which was carried out among female patients at Nagari hospital, Keffi, Nigeria. Vaginal discharged with varying degrees of colouration and ordour werc collected into a normal saline added to the swab of 0.36gm of NacI solution, the sediments were examined and the rate of prevalence observed were 17 (8.50%), positive with trichomonas infection through the months of April to August. In the category of patients, the unmarried women 5(9.62%) were most infected and 3(5.17%) married women were recorded the least infected and , among female children with pelvic, inflammatory diseases (PIDs) showeda significant difference in the positivity of infection (x2=1.07, p <9.49, df=4). However, between the aged group of 23 - 39 years olds were most vulnerable to T. vaginalis infection though, with a relationship in the rate of infection with T.vaginalis (x2=2.70, p <11.07, di=5). Importantly, most infected female patients had scratclicd-wounds at the superficial' surfaces of the vagina due to severe itching with painful urination, this call for high personal hygiene and regular clinical checkups which should seriously be advocated and proper medical treatment strictly adhered.
Open Access
Urinary Schistosomiasis in Communities around Kiri Lake, Shelleng Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2017-01-05) Birma, J.S.; Chessed, G.; Shadrach, P.A.; Nganjiwa, J.I.; Andrew, Yako B.; Vandi, P.; Laurat, T.T.
he objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the different communities, the intensity of infection, prevalence among gender and age groups and to relate infection. with parent’s occupation. A study on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was conducted in four villages around Kiri Lake in Shellcng Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty two urine . samples were collected from four primary school children randomly selected from within the lour study communities. Overall, prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 48% (111/232), ■ with males recording 49% (69/142) and females 47% (42/90). The total mean egg count (MEC) ' was 8.3. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P>0.05). Prevalence was higher among age. groups, with the 13-15 year old age group having the highest 62.96% (17/27) and the 4-6 year old age group had the least 37% (19/52). There was no siutiscaliy significant difference • in prevalence among the different age groups (P>0.05). Infection was also high among children of fishermen 59.09% (13/22), followed by-farmers’ children 56.25% (45/SO) and the least prevalence was among children of teachers 20% (3/15). j Old Banjiram had the highest infection of 91% (21/23), While Kwadadai had the least 36.8% • (21/57) (P<0.05). Old Banjiram and children in the 10-12 years age group had the highest mean • j egg count of 10.6 and 9.4 respectively. The study reveals a high-prevalence of-urinary ! • schistosomiasis. And therefore portable water source should be made. functional in all • 1 communities surrounding ihe-lake. While rehabilitation and repair of the existing water borehole ! system in the community should be. effected as well as drilling new additional boreholes to serve their water needs. Commun JASEMity participatory health education on this neglected tropical disease in the area is needed on knowledge of the disease, the intermediate host and transmission pattern. Since school children harbour infection .and are a source of infeqjion of schistosomiasis in endemic communities, planning and provision for their treatment sho'uld be :. considered in control programme*.

Browsing by Author "Chessed, G."

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