Browsing by Author "Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi"

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    Aluminium and Zinc Concentrations in Raw and Roasted Fishes Wrapped with Foil consumed in Keffi Town, Nigeria
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-06-06) Zaruwa, M.Z.; Adam, N.; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Muhammad, B.Y.; Ubaoji, K.I.; Chukeze, E.J.; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi
    Aluminum (Al) and Zinc (Zn) levels was compared in three commonly eaten fishes;, African cat fish (Herterobranchus longifilis), tilapia fish (Tilapia niloticus) and cat fish (Synodontis clarias) to ascertain leaching from foil wrappers leading to toxicity. The fishes were washed, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored in the refrigerator (40C) for 1.5 hr, some were roasted in the oven at about 1500C. The fishes were chopped (fresh and roasted) and then homogenized into slurry. The slurry were transferred into test tubes, centrifuged at 3000 G for 10 minutes and clear supernatant were collected aseptically and labeled (A1, 2, 3, B1, 2, 3 and C1, 2, 3). The condiments used were weighed about 800 g/850 – 1200 g per fish, grinded into slurry, with a blender. The slurry was further centrifuged at 3000 G for 10 minutes and the clear supernatant ascetically collected into clean test tubes (D1, 2, 3) and analyzed. Three cone shaped foil (E1, 2, 3) holding 10 ml of distilled water were allowed to stand for 3 hrs and carefully placed in an oven and heated (1200C) for 1.5 hr, was cooled and then analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Varian AA240). The results obtained showed significant (p˂0.05) increase in Al and Zn levels, possibly due to temperature and pH factors. The Al and Zn levels in the fish slurries was (0.127 ± 0.02 - 0.146 ± 0.03 mg/g) and (0.148 ± 0.03 – 0.180 ± 0.03 mg/g), respectively. These were extremely below WHO recommended value of 1mg/day and 15 mg/day for Al and Zn respectively. This study contradicts the media hype about toxic amount of Al and Zn leached into roasted fish in foil wrappers. Hence, the amount of Al and Zn in the tested species of fish are below the acceptable WHO value and thus, not poisonous.
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    Comparative Chemical Evaluation of Three Species of Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbita moschata and Cucumeropsis mannii) Seeds
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-07-09) Ajibe, Y.Y.; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi
    Aim: This study evaluates the nutritional composition of three species of melon seeds (Cucumeropsis mannii, Cucumis melo, and Cucurbita moschata). The seeds were obtained from Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Phytochemical constituents and proximate composition was determined by the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists method (AOAC). Vitamins, amino acids and minerals were determined by standard methods. Oils were extracted from the samples using soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane. Results: The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloids, terpenes, triterpenes, cardiac glycoside, sterols, terpenoids and tannins in the three species. The proximate composition revealed that crude fat is high in all the samples with C. moschata having the highest (41.23%) while C. mannii have the highest crude protein (26.31%). The result also reveals that all the samples have low carbohydrate (11%, 14% &13%) for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively. The result of mineral composition reveals that potassium is high in all the samples with C. moschata having the highest (84.62 mg/100g) while Cadmium is the lowest (0.06mg/100g). The varieties also contain β-carotene, α-tocopherol and Ascorbic acid where β-carotene is the most abundant in the three varieties. The amino acid composition revealed leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, glutamic acid serine and aspartic acid to be the highest in all the samples. The percentage oil yield from the seeds were 32.90%, 31.38%, and 37.28% for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively. The physicochemical properties of the oil obtained revealed acid value (mgKOH/g) in the range of 0.38-0.53. Saponification value (mg/KOH/g) 152.5-168.3, Iodine value (g/I2/100g) 92.7-119.5 free fatty acid (%Oleic) 2.34-3.66. Peroxide value (meqKOH/g) 4.56- 6.38 and the pH in the range of 6.09-6.18 for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively. Conclusion: The three melon seeds species contain almost similar nutritional composition. This justified the use of the melon seeds for industrial, food, medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
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    Diclofenac predisposes benign prostate hyperplasia in fat feed albino rats
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-01-10) Zaruwa, M.Z.; Abdullahi, Halima Sadiya; Muhammad, Yusuf Bawa; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi; Muhammad, Ruqaiyatu Muhammad; Ubaoji, K.I.
    Background: An attempt to establish the possible cause(s) of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in fat feed albino rats treated with diclofenac (DCF)-potassium (K) was performed to ascertain its likely translational relationship in humans. Methods: Thirty-five male wistar albino rats of 24 weeks old were divided into five groups of 7 animals each were used. Group 1; the normal control (NC) was injected subcutaneously with the vehicle (olive oil) only and served normal diet. Group 2; standard group treated with testosterone propionate in olive oil (3 mg/kg b. wt.). Groups 3, 4, and 5 were fed with the standard feed mixed with animal fat (sourced from roasted meat/condiments in aluminium foils) in 20, 40 and 80% portions, then treated with DCF-K in solution as low (2 mg/kg b. wt.), mid (4 mg/kg b. wt.), and high (6 mg/kg b. wt.) doses, respectively. The blood samples collected were analysed for prostate specific antigen (PSA), hematological parameters, kidney and liver function. Results: Group 3 showed the highest PSA elevation (p<0.05) when compared to the control and the untreated group. There was a significant elevation (p<0.05) in WBC levels compared to all other groups. PCV, MCV, NEUT, MONO and EOSIN levels increased significantly (p<0.05) across all groups. Significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in liver and kidney parameters compared to the untreated groups. Significant (p<0.05) elevation in total cholesterol and LDL- C levels across the groups was observed. The DCF-K treated groups showed increase in several parameters compared to the untreated groups. Conclusions: It was obvious that fatty diet and use of DCF-K contributed to the observed hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hence predisposed tissue damage and inflammation which conjunctly elevated PSA.
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    Phytochemical Constituents, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Persea americana Seeds
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-06-06) Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Emmanuel, V.; Oyedeji, T.A.
    Persea americana is a tropical plant commonly found in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. The fruit is mostly eaten as food. The fruits, leaves and seeds are used in folkoric medicine in the management of various ailments. However, there is paucity of information on the nutritional components and phytochemical constituents of the seeds. This study investigated the proximate composition, phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative), Pro-vitamin A and vitamin C, minerals content, amino acid profile and anti-nutrients of Persea americana seeds. Phytochemical, nutritional, vitamin, mineral, amino acid analyses and anti-nutritive factor of P. americana seeds were carried out according to standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of P. americana seeds revealed the presence of saponin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of phytochemicals showed the presence of phenol (3.22mg/100g), alkaloids (1.86 mg/100g), saponins (0.95 mg/100g) and flavonoids (2.14 mg/100g). The proximate composition of P. americana seeds shows moisture (6.98%), ash (4.44%), fat (5.30%), crude fibre (3.31%), crude protein (11.20%) and carbohydrate (68.77%). The result for vitamin reveals the presence of vitamin C (24.1mg) and Pro-vitamin A (12.3IU). Also, mineral analysis showed the presence of sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, calcium, chromium, potassium and lead in varying concentration. Amino acid analysis of the seed showed that the concentration of total amino acid was 54.53g/100g protein while, the total essential amino acid was 26.33g/100g protein. The total non-essential amino acid present in the seed was 28.20g/100g protein with a very high proline concentration (6.50g/100g). The anti-nutrient contents of the seeds revealed the presence of tannin, oxalate, saponins, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and phytate. The results obtained from this study indicated that P. americana seeds is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. This study therefore suggests that the seeds of P. americana may be developed in to supplements that may have beneficial effects on the nutrition and health of humans.
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    Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Cucurbita maxima (PUMPKIN) leaf on acetaminophen-induced acute liver toxicity
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-06-18) Enemali, Michael Okey; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana
    Ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) were screened for their phytochemical composition. The in vitro antioxidant property was determined by assessing the free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity. Twenty rats divided into four groups were used for this study with group 4 pre- treated with the extract and later intoxicated with 2 g/kg single dose of acetaminophen. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was determined by measuring the liver function parameters, liver antioxidant enzyme activities and the rats liver histological micrograph. The ethanolic extract was found to be a rich source of bioactive compounds and showed a direct variation in in vitro free radical (DPPH) scavenging property. DPPH scavenging property increases as the concentration of the extract increases from 0.03 to 0.12 mg/l (8.9 - 64.2%) but dropped sharply to 52.2% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. A 400 mg/kg daily pre-treatment (for seven days) with ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was able to offer protection to the hepatic cells of the rats. This was evidenced in the significant (p<0.05) reduction of the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 117.30±57.50 to 31.26±11.22 µ/l and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from 209.80±67.00 µ/l to 172.00±30.31 µ/l, significant (p<0.05) increase of the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) from 115.60±10.03 to 235.45±43.52 µ/mg, superoxide dismutase (SOD) from 0.02±0.01 to 0.09±0.05 U/mg and catalase (CAT) from 2.50±2.60 to 10.23±5.05 U/mg in the test group when compared with the negative control. Also, the lobular architecture of the hepatocytes was well-preserved in the test group. Based on the experimental results obtained here, C. maxima has an important role in medicine as it plays a role in scavenging free radicals, stimulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and preserving the liver architecture, thereby protecting the liver against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity.
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    Studies on the Effect of Tephrosia linearis (Wild) Pers. Aqueous Extract on Jatropha curcas Oil Induced Hemorrhoids in Rats
    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-03-06) Zaruwa, M.Z.; Muhammad, Abdullahi Ubana; Muhammad, Yusuf Bawa; Bamidele, Titilayo Oluwayemisi; Eleojo, E.
    Treatments of hemorrhoids by traditional medical practitioners using various plant species has been a long standing practice in various parts of Nigeria. This project work was carried out to ascertain and to evaluate the claim of traditional medical practitioners in the North-Eastern Nigeria on the effect of the plant species, Tephrosia linearis (Wild) Pers. in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Twenty Wister rats both male and female were used in this research work. A hemorrhoid model was prepared by the means of application of Jatropha oil into the rectum of rats. A cotton swab soaked with the inducer for 60 seconds was inserted into the anus of rats for 60 seconds. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (healthy rats), Group 2 (induced and untreated), Group 3 (induced and treated with standard, Daflon 10mg/kg b.w), Group 4 (induced and treated with aqueous extract of T. linearis 200mg/kg b.w) and Group 5 (induced and treated with aqueous extract of T. linearis 600mg/kg b.w). The results of the study observed were as follows; Group A; 1.52 + 0.29, Group B; 3.85 + 0.05, Group C; 1.95 + 0.48, Group D; 1.70 + 0.14 and Group E; 1.70 + 0.40. The results obtained indicated that the rectoanal tissues of the rats in Group C,D, and E increased when compared to the control, Group A. The rectoanal tissues of the rats in Group B however experienced significant increase. From the study, extract of T. linearis presented the strongest anti-hemorrhoid activity in rats than Daflon 500. The use of this plant as treatment for hemorrhoids by traditional medicine practitioners in North-East Nigeria is justified by this study.