Browsing by Author "Avav, T."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Dynamics Of Weed Flora In Speargrass (Imperata Cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel) Dominated Fallow As Influenced By Chemical Weed Control And Row Spacing In Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr).
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-01-01) Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.; Magani, E.I.; Ahom, R.I.
    Two Field trials were conducted at Ijorimenger and Asukunya in Tarka Local Government Area of Benue State (07o 14 N, 08o 37 E), in 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons, with the objective to determine the influence of chemical herbicides and row spacing on the control of speargrass and population dynamics of weed flora. Pretillage glyphosate at the rate of 2.16 kg a.i/ha followed by hoe weeding at 6 WAP and fluazifop-p-butyl at the rate of 0.25 kg a.i/ha followed by hoe weeding at 6 WAP significantly reduced speargrass density compared with hoe weeding control at 3 and 6 WAP. A total of 22 and 16 weed species were found under fallow and in the soil. The weed flora at preharvest of soybean, was dominated by Ageratum conyzoides (L.) and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour ), which thrived in plots treated with postemergence fluazifop-p-butyl at the rate of 0.25 kg a.i/ha and pretillage glyphosate at the rate of 2.16 kg a.i/ha respectively. The preponderance of weeds not found under fallow but which emerged after disturbance indicated that there was a change in weed flora composition and density. These results suggest that the use of pretillage glyphosate and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.16 and 0.25 kg a.i/ha respectively followed by hoe weeding at 6 WAP was effective in suppressing speargrass seedling emergence and change in weed flora composition.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    FIELD ASSESMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PARKIA (PARKIA BIGLOBOSA) BASED PRODUCTS AND HERBICIDES ON THE CONTROL OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA AND MAIZE YIELD
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-10-10) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Fusarium Striga hermonthica in Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Savanna
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-03-05) Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Magani, E.I.; Avav, T.
    Field trials were conducted in 2007/2008 wet season at the Teaching and Research Farm of University of Agriculture, Makurdi (7914: 893710) and the model extension village, Danka-Sarki, Lafia ( 8 9 3 and 7931110) in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria, to evaluate the efficacy of a granular mycoherbicide formulation of Fusarium sp. for the control of Striga hermonthica in maize. Two maize variehes (Farmers’ local and Across 97 TZL Comp 1-٦77) and four treatments, F. oxysporum followed by (1) 2, 4-D; F. oxysporum fb Supplementary Hoe Weeding (SHW); F. oxysporum fb triclopyr and a control (No F. oxysporum, but hoe weeded) were laid in a split-plot design with three replicahons. The two maize variehes formed the main plot treatments while, the Striga control methods were the sub-plots treatments (2 g of mycoherbicide applied pre-sowing in each planting hole). Generally, number of maize plants infected and Striga shoot count, was highest with Hoe Weeded check throughout the period of observations. The farmers’ variety recorded higher plants infected and Striga shoot count than c v Across 97 TZL Comp l-w throughout the period of observahon in this trial, while, higher Striga infestation was observed in Makurdi than in Lafia. The use of F. oxysporum fb either Post Emergence (POE) triclopyr or 2, 4-D each at 0.36 kg a.i ha,! resulted in significantly lower Striga infestahon consequently higher maize grain yield than those fb SHW or Hoe Weeded check.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Fusarium oxysporum and post-emergence herbicide for the control of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica in maize
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-09-11) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
    Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a granular mycoherbicide formulation based on Fusarium oxysporum and post-emergence herbicide for the control of the parasitic plant, Striga hermonthica in the Nigerian Savanna. Four fungal treatments were used: F. oxysporum followed by 2,4-D, F. oxysporum followed by supplementary hoe weeding, F. oxysporum followed by Triclopyr and a control (No F. oxysporum but hoe-weeded). The experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications in the two locations. The two varieties (Across 97 TZL and farmer’s local variety) formed the main plot treatments, while the Striga fungal treatments formed the sub-plot treatments. At the Lafia location, the emergence of Striga was delayed by 7 days (46 days) as compared to the Makurdi location, which germinated earlier 39 days after sowing. Maize variety Across 97 TZL similarly delayed the time to Striga emergence when compared to the farmer’s local variety. However, the different Striga control methods did not have any significant effect on the time of Striga emergence. Generally, number of maize plants infected with Striga was highest with the farmer’s local variety throughout the period of observation, while in the Striga control treatments, hoe-weeded check recorded the highest; the minimum was obtained with plots treated with F. oxysporum followed by postemergence application of Triclopyr at the rate of 0.36 kg a.i./ha at 6 weeks after sowing. Highest maize grain yields were obtained at Lafia with Across 97 TZL and plots treated with F. oxysporum followed by either post-emergence 2,4-D or Triclopyr at 0.36 kg a.i./ha each. The results demonstrate the high potentiality of using F. oxysporum as a spot application at planting followed by post-emergence herbicide (2,4-D or Triclopyr) application at 6 weeks after sowing for the control of the parasitic plant S. hermonthica in the Nigerian Savanna.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    GREEN-HOUSE AND FIELD ASSESSEMENT OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM BASED MYCOHERBICIDE FOR THE CONTROL OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-01-04) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
    Green-house and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a granular -oherbicide.ftom Fusarium oxysporum in controlling Striga hermonthica in maize pot culture and under a field condition. In the field trial, among the tested maize varieties, the farmers’ local initiated early emergence of Striga by 36 days after sowing (DAS) while Across 97 TZL delayed by 49 DAS. Throughout the period of observation, the numbers of maize plants infected with Striga/ snoot count were significantly lower in all F. oxysporum- mycoherbicide treated plots when compared -م the highest obtained with hoe-weeded check. Similarly, in the pot experiment, number of emerged Striga was significantly lower in F. oxysporum treated pots when compared to the control. However, the control recorded higher Striga dry weight أ! treatments that received Fusarium. In the field trial, maize grain yield was significantly lower at Makurdi location than at Lafia. Similarly, the farmer’s local variety produced significantly lower grain yield than Across 97 TZL. The use of F. oxysporum followed by (fb) either post-emergence application (POE) 2, 4 - D or Triclopyr each at 36 لأkg a.i/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield than those fb supplementary hoe weeding (SHW) or hoe weeded check. The study results demonstrate the potentiality of using F. oxysporum and thereafter either fb POE 2, 4 - D or Triclopyr at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) for the control of hermonthica.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Integrated control of Striga hermonthica using Parkia biglobosa products and mycoherbicide (Fusarium oxysporum) in maize (Zea mays L.) in the savanna
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-09-07) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
    Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a granular mycoherbicide (Fusarium oxysporum) formulation and Parkia (Parkia biglobosa) products under greenhouse conditions for eventual use as an integrated Striga management package under field conditions in the Nigerian Savanna. Methodology and results: Two maize varieties (Across 97 TZL and farmers’ local) and two Striga seed density (5 and 10 c.c/pot) were used in two trials. Two and three Striga control methods (with and without F. oxysporum isolated from Striga hermonthica stems (Marley et al. 1999)); seed soaking for 20 minutes before planting in Parkia products (fruit powder, seed powder) and distilled water as control were used in the first and second trials, respectively. In the two trials, the design used was a randomized complete design with three (3) replications. Generally, the number of emerged Striga was significantly higher in fields planted with the farmers’ local variety than in fields with Across 97 TZL in both trials and throughout the period of observation. The use of either F. oxysporum or Parkia products (fruit and seed powder) resulted in significantly fewer number of emerged Striga, lower Striga dry weight than their corresponding checks (No Fusarium and distilled water). The number of emerged Striga as influenced by Striga seed density (Striga infestation levels) was only significantly different at 56 days after sowing (DAS) in the first trial (evaluating Fusarium), while other periods of observation did not produce consistent results. However, in the second trial, (evaluating Parkia products), the higher Striga seed density (10c.c/pot) produced a corresponding higher number of emerged Striga plants than the lower density (5c.c/pot) throughout the period of observations, although the difference was not significant (P<0.05) Conclusions and application of findings: The results demonstrate the high potential of using mycoherbicides and Parkia based products for the control of S. hermonthica. Parkia trees abound in the Savanna and thus products can be easily and cheaply obtained. Likewise, maize grits can be used to propagate F. oxysporum quickly and cheaply by the farmers’ instead of using the more expensive potato dextrose agar. The implication of these findings is that farmers can easily adopt these practices in integrated management packages for enhanced control of the parasitic plant under field conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Possibilities for the Control of Striga hemonthica in Maize (Zea may L.) using Mycoherbicide (Fusarium oxysporum) and Parkia (Parkia biglobosa) Based Products
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-03-03) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Use of Fusarium oxysporum for the control of Striga hermonthica in maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-05-05) Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Magani, E.I.; Avav, T.
    Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a granular mycoherbicide formulation of Fusarium sp. for the control of Striga hermonthica in maize under a field condition. Methodology and results: Two maize varieties (Across 97 TZL and a farmer’s local) and four treatments (Fusarium oxysporum followed by 2,4 – D, F. oxysporum fb supplementary hoe weeding (SHW), F. oxysporum fb Triclopyr and a control (hoe weeded at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing) were laid out in a split – plot design with three (3) replications; assigning varieties to the main – plots and weed control treatments to the sub – plots. This trial was carried out in two locations (Makurdi and Lafia). Generally, number of plants infected with Striga and shoot count was highest in Makurdi than Lafia. Variety Across 97 TZL had significantly lower/fewer number of plants infected at 9 and 12 Weeks after sowing (WAS) and also delayed the emergence of Striga to 49 days after sowing (DAS), while the farmers’ local initiated early emergence at 36 DAS. Among the Striga control treatments, F. oxysporum either fb post emergence (POE) 2, 4 – D or Triclopyr at the rate of 0.36kg a.i/ha each resulted in significantly fewer plants infested by the parasitic plant and consequently higher grain yields than those fb by SHW or hoe weeded check. Conclusions and application of findings: The study results demonstrate the high potentiality of using F. oxysporum (mycoherbicide) for the control of S. hermonthica by spot application at sowing and thereafter followed by either 2, 4 –D or Triclopyr POE at 6 WAS. The use of maize grits which is readily available to propagate F. oxysporum makes it quite cheap for local farmers instead of the use of potato dextrose agar.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The use of Parkia biglobosa based products in the control of Striga hermonthica in maize (Zea mays. L.)
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-06-06) Magani, E.I.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Jaji; Avav, T.
    Objective: To evaluate the effect of two Parkia (Parkia biglobosa) based products for the control of Striga hermonthica in the Nigeria Savanna. Methodology and results: Three weed control treatments (post emergence POE) Triclopyr, 2, 4 – D, each at the rate of 0.36kg a.i/ha and a hoe weeded check at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing [WAS]) and seed coating (soaking for 20 minutes in Parkia fruit powder, Parkia seed powder and distilled water as control) were laid out in a split – plot design with three (3) replications using farmers’ variety of maize (local); assigning weed control treatments and maize seed coating into main and sub – plots, respectively. The trials were carried out in two locations (Makurdi and Lafia). Generally, the number of maize plants infected with Striga was higher in Lafia than in Makurdi. Seed coating with Parkia based products resulted in significantly less plants infected with Striga when compared to soaking in distilled water. The POE of either Triclopyr or 2, 4 – D each at the rate of 0.36kg a.i/ha at 6 Weeks After Sowing delayed the emergence of Striga to 51 and 45 days after sowing (Days After Sowing), respectively. Treatments with Parkia based (fruit and seed powder) products significantly increased maize grain yield than the distilled water soaking; while the weed control treatments differed significantly in terms of maize grain yield, following the order: POE Triclopyr (2090kg/ha) > POE 2, 4 – D (1833 kg/ha) > hoe weeded check (1340kg/ha) Conclusions and application of findings: The study results demonstrate the potentiality of using Parkia based products for the control of S. hermonthica followed by either Triclopyr or 2, 4 – D POE at 6 WAS. The Parkia trees are abundant within the savanna and thus their fruits can easily be procured. This implies that farmers could adopt this method and integrate it with other Striga management practices such as host plant resistance and cultural practices to enhance Striga control.