Browsing by Author "Audu, S.S."

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    Effect of Processing on Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Compositions of Harms (Brachystegia eurycoma) Seed Grown in Nigeria
    (Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-03-03) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Aremo, M.O.; Mohammed, Y.; Madu, B.O.; Audu, S.S.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    A comprehensive study on the effect of processing on fatty acid and phospholipid compositions of Brachystegia eurycoma seed flour was conducted. Processing methods (boiling, fermentation and roasting) were adopted using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acids (%) were linoleic acid (47.95 – 50.91) > oleic acid (26.51 – 30.91) > palmitic acid (11.51 – 14.16) > stearic acid (3.06 – 5.54). Lenoceric, erucic, and arachidic acids were present with none of them recording up to 1% while caprylic, capric and margaric acids were not at the detection limit of GC. All the processing methods increased the contents of palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The oleic acid content was reduced in boiled, fermented and roasted samples by 60.93, 59.97 and 63.77%, respectively. The phospholipid analysis gave result (%) of phosphatidic > phosphatidylinositol > phospatidyserine > phosphatidyethanolamine concentrations. Generally, the processing methods showed deviations in fatty acid and phospholipid components from the raw seeds. There was a clear indication that the raw and processed samples of B. eurycoma seed oils contained a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, making them a healthy low fat food
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    EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE MINERAL ELEMENTS AND ANTINUTRIENTS OF SOME EDIBLE VEGETABLES FROM KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-07-20) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Audu, S.S.; Asma'u, L.; Aremu, M.O.; Bako, S.S.
    This study investigated the effect of boiling, steaming and sun drying on the mineral elements and anti-nutrients of six varieties of edible vegetables: Ewedu (Corchorusolitorius), water leaf (Talinum triangulare), sand sagebrush (Arternesia spp), pumpkin leaf (Telfairia occidentalis), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and spinach (Spinaciaoleracea). The mineral elements and anti-nutrients were determined using standard analytical methods. Sodium, zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus and iron were among minerals present with phosphorus as the most dominant of these minerals obtained with values ranging from 31.31 mg/100 g in boiled water leaf to 225.90mg/100 g in sundried pumpkin leaf. Anti-nutrients such as saponin was obtained with values ranging from 2.14 –3.06% (in water leaf), 0.72 – 2.82% (in ewedu), 2.18 – 2.72% (in sand sagebrush), 2.10 – 2.68% (in spinach), 0.12– 2.15% (in bitter leaf) and 0.08 - 0.20% (in pumpkin leaf). Processing methods showed deviation in minerals of 235.00% (phosphorus) in boiled water leaf to 0.09% in sun dried pumpkin leaf and anti-nutrients from the raw leaves. The deviation was observed more on anti-nutrients like oxalate, phytate, alkaloids and cyanide. For minerals, the deviation was more on the amount of phosphorus and magnesium after boiling and steaming. Sun drying was insignificant. Processing reduces the mineral content of the vegetables, but makes them bioavailable by removing the anti-nutrients to the barest minimum.
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    PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOURSOP (Annona muricata) PULP, PEEL AND SEED
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-05-27) Audu, S.S.; Aremu, M.O.; Beetseh, C.; Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Adoga, J.
    Traditionally the outermost parts of most fruits are peeled off and discarded as waste which can constitute environmental pollution. To reduce this, the society must be made to see the value of these parts that are traditionally discarded. This is the basis of this study aimed at investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties and mineral composition of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata pulp, peel and seed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of tannins, phenols, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates and phlobatanins in the pulp. In the peel, tannins, steroids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates, phlobatanins and balsams were present while steroids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, carbohydrates, phlobatannins and balsams were present in the seed. At highest concentration of 2 g/ml the pulp had 80.049±0.004% free radical scavenging ability; the peel had 86.797±0.001% while the seed had 77.586±0.002% while ascorbic acid had 54.433±0.001%. The result showed Fe concentration of 0.0138±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.1449±0.0001 g/ml in the peel and 0.0170±0.0002 g/ml in the seed. Mg concentration was 0.4999±0.0008 g/ml in the pulp, 0.8069±0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.7155±0.0002 g/ml in the seed, Cu was 1.0050±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.0044± 0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.0078± 0.0009 g/ml in the seed while Ca was 0.0309±0.0001 g/ml in the pulp, 0.6959±0.0002 g/ml in the peel and 0.3427±0.0016 g/ml in the seed. These results showed that the peel, pulp and seed were rich in phytochemical, mineral nutrients and antioxidant properties, hence the need to encourage their utilisation for pharmacological and nutritional uses.