Browsing by Author "Atolaiye, B.O."

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    Assessment of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Soil And Heavy Metals In Vegetables Cultivated On Irrigated SitesAlong The Bank of Mpape River In FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-05-01) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Eze, O.C.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    The purpose of the study was to assess some physicochemical parameters of soil and the heavy metal in soil and vegetables along the bank of Mpape River in FCT, Abuja. The study was carried out in dry season between 2016 and 2017. Soil and vegetables samples were collected simultaneously from three irrigated farm sites. Heavy metal levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The levels of physicochemical characteristics in soil and the heavy metals in soil and vegetables varied significantly according to sites without adhering to any significant trend. Soil pH (5.62±0.72) was slightly acidic, soil temperature (27.37±0.60 0C) and OM content (3.31±0.37 %)were significantly higher and within WHO/FAO1 permissible limits.Levels of Cr and Cd were below detectable limits while Mn (7.61±0.76) and Cu (0.65±0.016) in soil were below EU2 permissible limits. The levels of Cr (0.17±0.08),Mn (7.22±0.59), Cd (0.02±0.01) and Cu (0.80±0.26) in Lagos Spinach were significantly higher than the levels of Cr (0.29±0.16), Mn (3.92±0.53), Cd (0.01±0.03) and Cu (0.67±0.28) in African Egg-plant which were below FAO/WHO1 and EU2 permissible limits. Transfer factors (TF) values for Mn and Cu surpass 0.5 showing that the vegetables were largely contaminated by Mn and Cu while Cr and Cd were below 0.5 in the two vegetables. Daily intakes value (DIM) calculated for Cr, Cd and Cu in vegetables WHO/EU2, 3 and SEPA5 maximum limits except for Mn that was higher than the limits indicating that people who consumed these vegetables may accumulate more of the Mn. Health Risk Index in both vegetables from all the farms was less than 1, indicating that no significant potential health risk associated with the consumption of these vegetables. All the metals were significantly different (<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the metals in these farms have varying correlations. All the metals in all the farms were strong and positively correlated which is an indication that they have common source of pollution.
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    Index Model Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils Selected from Three Irrigated Farm Sites in Fct Abuja, Nigeria
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-06-01) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    The study was undertaken to examine the concentrations and health risk of heavy metals in soil from selected irrigated sites within Mpape River in FCT, Abuja. The study was carried out in dry seasons between 2015 and 2017 simultaneously from three irrigated farm sites. Heavy metal levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The levels of heavy metals in soils varied according to sites. The mean levels of Fe (24.82±0.89), Pb (3.34±0.65) and Zn (2.23±0.27) were significantly higher (P≤0.05) while Ni (0.39±0.19) was generally low. These values did not exceed the WHO/FAO, EU and USEPA permissible limits. However, soil bioavailable form recorded considerably higher concentrations in Fe (22.30±0.84), Zn (0.79±0.25) and Pb (0.79±0.28) while Ni (0.09±0.05) was lowest. Using contamination factor (CF) classifications; showed that soils from different irrigated farm sites along Mpape River were not contaminated by Fe, Zn, Ni and Pb. Pollution index was also (PLI = 0) indicating no pollution of the soil by heavy metals. Geo-accumulation index (igeo) values exhibited a zero category which shows that soils from various irrigated farm sites were unpolluted. Enrichment factor indicated extremely severe enrichment with respect to Pb (66-68.05), very severe enrichment was recorded for Zn (26.5) in farm B while Ni was found to be at very severe enrichment status in all the farms. The pollution index from all the farms were found to be in the low potential risk categories (<40) which suggested that the soils from all the farms do not pose any ecological health risk to the environment. The correlation results showed strong and positive relationship with Zn/Fe (0.959), Ni/Zn (0.978), Pb/Fe (0.970) and Pb/ Ni (0.990) and strong and negative relationship with Ni/ Fe (-0.988) and Pb/Zn (-0.976). The strong positive correlations in the soil samples is an indication that they have common source of pollution while the strong negative correlations observed is an attribute of different origin and sources of pollution load.
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    Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment from Mpape River in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-10-12) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    Levels of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb) in water and sediment from Mpape River in FCT, Abuja were assessed. The study was carried out between 2015 and 2017. Water and Sediment samples were collected from five sites during dry and rainy seasons. Metal levels were quantified using AAS. Metal levels in water were generally below detectable limits, except for concentrations of Fe (0.30±0.20 mg/L) and Pb(0.22±0.30 mg/L) that were higher in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Pb level was above while Fe level was within permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. Concentrations of Mn (8.27±0.42 mg/Kg), Cu (0.57±0.09 mg/Kg), Zn (1.84±0.13 mg/Kg), Ni (0.16±0.06 mg/kg), Pb (2.63±0.19 mg/Kg) in sediment were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) during rainy season while Cr (1.77±0.22 mg/Kg), Cd (0.05±0.24 mg/Kg) and Fe (24.80±0.38 mg/Kg) were higher in dry season. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd were lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and USEPA except for Cr, Mn and Fe that were above the limits. Metal Pollution Index assessment of heavy metals in sediment samples showed that rainy season recorded the highest value at site S3 (50.24). Correlation analysis showed that the relationships for Zn/Mn (0.941), Fe/Cu (0.853) and Pb/Cr (0.803) were strong and positive while Pb/Cd (- 0.781) was negative in dry season. However, strong positive; Ni/Cu (0.884), Zn/Mn (0.938) and Fe/Mn (0.952) correlations were recorded in rainy season. The strong positive correlation indicates that they have commonsource of pollution.
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    Proximate Compositions and Health Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metal Uptake by Vegetables Grown at a Waste –Water Irrigated Site in Fct, Abuja, Nigeria
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-05-12) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Opaluwa, O.D.; Ubani, K.I.
    The purpose of the study was to evaluate some proximate compositions and health risk of heavy metal uptake by vegetables grown at a waste-water irrigated sites in FCT, Abuja. The study was carried in dry seasons between 2015 and 2017. Two different types of vegetable samples (Lagos Spinach- Celosia argentea and African Egg-plant-Solanum macrocarpon) were collected simultaneously from three irrigated farm sites. Heavy metal levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The levels of heavy metals in vegetables varied according to sites. Proximate composition in both vegetable leaves recorded higher mean values for total ash (8.65-8.97), crude fibre (10.83-11.25), protein (4.96-5.08), Fat (3.05-3.29) and dry matter (65.58-68.85) indicating that they were rich in nutrients that promote healthy living. The mean levels of Zn (3.36±0.50) and Ni (0.03±0.01) in Lagos Spinach ; and Zn (2.80±0.36) and Ni (0.04±0.02) in African Egg-plant were generally lower than the FAO/WHO permissible limits except for Fe (14.96±0.86), (15.81±0.89) and Pb (1.12±0.11), (1.31±0.11) in both vegetables that were significantly higher (P<0.05) . Lagos Spinach recorded lower Metal Pollution Index (10.35) while African Egg-plant had the highest value (12.18) suggesting that these vegetables may present more health risk to the consumers of these vegetable. Daily Intake values of Fe (0.089), Zn (0.020), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.006) in Lagos Spinach and Fe (0.094), Zn (0.017), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.008) in African Egg-plant were below the WHO/FAO and USEPA permissible limits. However, Health risk index of heavy metals in vegetable samples were less than 1 indicating no significant health risk associated with the consumption of vegetables by the consumers.
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    Quality Studies for Some Physicochemical Parameters and Textural Properties of Soil On Irrigated Farm Sites in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-10-12) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Eze, O.C.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    The study was carried out to evaluate the quality of some physicochemical parameters and textural properties of soil on irrigated farm sites in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The Soil samples were collected along the river bank in dry seasons from three (3) irrigated farm sites and were analysed using standard methods. Soil pH generally acidic in all the farm sites. Levels of pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrate, phosphate, chloride and sulphate did not vary significantly according to sites (P≤0.05) except for phosphate in farm B. Levels of pH (5.94±0.78) and Cl- (0.32±0.01) were higher in farm A, PO43- (15.05±0.94) and NO3- (0.28±0.03) in farm B and CEC (0.37±0.04) and (0.48±0.36) SO4 2- in farm C. Levels of physicochemical parameters of soil were within the WHO/FAO permissible limits for irrigation. The acidic nature of soil may lead to re-mobilization of heavy metals adsorbed onto the sediment surfaces into the water column, which may result to pollution. Textural properties of soil recorded higher sandy fractions (75±0.63) in all the farm sites; however, Silt (5±0.03) and Clay (20±0.18) were lower. The nature of the soils from these farms may be suitable for sanitary landfills. Since high sand content of any soil implies high leaching potentials with high permeability of water, the underground water beneath these farm areas could be threatened by pollutants from the farm sites. The implication is that the vegetables grown in these farm lands may be deficient in some of the nutrients to grow.
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    Spatial and Temporal Variations in Physicochemical Properties of an Aquatic Environment
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-06-01) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Atolaiye, B.O.; Eze, O.C.; Opaluwa, O.D.
    The study was carried out to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the levels of some physicochemical parameters in water and sediments from Mpape River, Abuja, Nigeria. The samples were collected along the river bank in dry and rainy seasons from five (5) locations and were analysed using standard methods. Levels of pH, nitrate, phosphate, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in water did not vary according to sites. However, the highest levels of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were recorded at site 4 for both seasons. During the dry season, levels of pH (7.36±0.16), EC (300.73±0.05 μs/cm), TDS (185.11±0.10 mg/L), BOD (0.98±0.30 mg/L), SO42- (9.8±0.14 mg/L) and Cl- (38.00±0.15 mg/L) in water were higher. Concentrations (3.42±0.10 mg/L) of dissolved oxygen (DO), PO43- (5.66±0.11 mg/L) and NO3(0.21±0.06 mg/L) increased in rainy season. In sediments, levels of physicochemical parameters did not vary according to sites, except for PO43- and organic matter (OM). pH of sediments was more acidic (6.23±0.05) and higher in the dry season. Levels of OM (2.66±0.11 %), PO43- (5.06 mg/Kg), NO3- (0.21±0.09 mg/Kg), CEC (0.29±0.05 Cmol/Kg) and Cl- (0.17±0.02 mg/Kg) in sediments were higher in rainy season. Levels of physicochemical parameters in water and sediments for the two seasons were not significantly different (P ≤ .05), except for BOD, SO42- and Cl- in water. Levels of physicochemical parameters of water were within the WHO/FAO permissible limits for irrigation. The acidic nature of sediments may lead to remobilization of heavy metals adsorbed onto the sediment surfaces into the water column, which may result to pollution.