Browsing by Author "Aremu, M.O."

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    CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND FOOD PROPERTIES^? LIMA BEAN (PTJASEOLUS LUNATUS L.) SEEDS GROWN IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2010-06-17) Aremu, M.O.; Salau, R.B.; Olowoniyi, F.D.; Ambo, I.A.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Maxwell, C.K.
    The nutritional composition and functional properties*of lima bean were studied using standard analytical techniques. The results gave proximate composition as follows: moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate were 3.8 2.10, 4.0 1.50, 3.2 0.50, 2.5.9 2.30, 2.50 0.05 and 60.6%, respectively. The results also showed that the predominant mineral was Ca (147AmgflOOg) followed by Mg (I42.2mg/I00g). Other minerals determined were Fe, P, Mn, Ni, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Crwith concentrations of 56.0,10.7, 2.6,1.7,1.4, 1.3, 1.31 p.4 and 0.2mg/100g sample, respectively while harmful metals such as Cd and Pb were not at the detectable range of.AAS. The sample contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids with the first limiting amino acid as Met + Cys (0.49g/100g crude protein). Functional properties results were: foaming capacity (6.0 2.5%), foaming stability (75.0 1.0%), water absorption capacity (360.0 6.0%), oil absoi-ption capacity (356.0 1.5%), emulsion capacity (50.0 5.0gmV), emulsion stability (65.0 3.0gmL1), least gelaiionconcentration (12.0 2.0%) and bulk density (0.39356 0.5gmV). The studied sample could therefore be good sources of protein and supplement cereal diets in raising the biological value significantly.
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    Effect of Different Sources of Heat on Nutritional Composition of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
    (Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-01-05) Aremu, M.O.; Namo, B.S.; Mohammed, Y.; Archibong, C.S.; Ogah, E.
    A study was conducted to investigate the effect of traditional smoking methods on fresh tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). For this purpose, proximate, mineral and amino acid compositions of tilapia fish smoked with sawdust, rice bran, melon husk and electric oven (control) heat treatments were determined using standard analytical technique. The results showed that crude protein content (%) ranged between 55.10 to 64.16% with the highest value recorded in sample smoked with rice bran heat treatment while crude fat had the highest value (18.10%) also in rice bran smoked sample. Sodium was found to be more abundant in all the samples (5.75 – 10.10 mg/100g) compared with magnesium (5.45 – 9.15 mg/100g), potassium (4.55 – 6.45 mg/100g) and phosphorus (4.70 – 6.00 mg/100g) while the least abundant mineral was chromium (0.05 – 0.15 mg/100g). The harmful metals such as cadmium and lead were not at detectable range of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The amino acid profile revealed that only Oreochromis niloticus fish sample smoked with sawdust enhanced the contents of total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA) and total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) by 3.77, 3.95 and 7.03%, respectively while melon husk and rice bran heat treatments reduced TAA, TEAA and TSAA. The limiting amino acid (LAA) for all the samples with different heat treatments was Ile except sample smoked with rice bran which has Val as LAA. Generally, all the smoked samples contained nutritionally useful quantities of total essential amino acids.
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    EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE MINERAL ELEMENTS AND ANTINUTRIENTS OF SOME EDIBLE VEGETABLES FROM KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2018-07-20) Tukura, Bitrus Wokhe; Audu, S.S.; Asma'u, L.; Aremu, M.O.; Bako, S.S.
    This study investigated the effect of boiling, steaming and sun drying on the mineral elements and anti-nutrients of six varieties of edible vegetables: Ewedu (Corchorusolitorius), water leaf (Talinum triangulare), sand sagebrush (Arternesia spp), pumpkin leaf (Telfairia occidentalis), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and spinach (Spinaciaoleracea). The mineral elements and anti-nutrients were determined using standard analytical methods. Sodium, zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus and iron were among minerals present with phosphorus as the most dominant of these minerals obtained with values ranging from 31.31 mg/100 g in boiled water leaf to 225.90mg/100 g in sundried pumpkin leaf. Anti-nutrients such as saponin was obtained with values ranging from 2.14 –3.06% (in water leaf), 0.72 – 2.82% (in ewedu), 2.18 – 2.72% (in sand sagebrush), 2.10 – 2.68% (in spinach), 0.12– 2.15% (in bitter leaf) and 0.08 - 0.20% (in pumpkin leaf). Processing methods showed deviation in minerals of 235.00% (phosphorus) in boiled water leaf to 0.09% in sun dried pumpkin leaf and anti-nutrients from the raw leaves. The deviation was observed more on anti-nutrients like oxalate, phytate, alkaloids and cyanide. For minerals, the deviation was more on the amount of phosphorus and magnesium after boiling and steaming. Sun drying was insignificant. Processing reduces the mineral content of the vegetables, but makes them bioavailable by removing the anti-nutrients to the barest minimum.
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    GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE TILDEN FULANI AREA OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
    (Chemistry Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2008-01-01) Chaanda, M. S.; Moumouni, A.; Golki, N. G.; Aremu, M.O.; Binbol, N. L.
    The relationship between water quality and mining activities in the Tilden Fulani area oj Bauchi State. Xigeria was investigated. Primaty data on water samples were abstracted from 56 points made up of old mines, ponds, rivers, streams and hand-dug wells. Samples were analyzed for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (ZnJ and cadmium (Cd) using the Atomic Absorption Spectro-pliotometer (AAS). The results obtained showed that Cu andZn were within limits oj general acceptability by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. Fe, Cdand Pb werefound to have had high concentrations above acceptable limits in some wells (Fe 0.05-1.10 ppm; Cd 0.005-0.01ppm and Pb 0.05-1.10 ppm). The implications of the findings were discussed with respect to the geology* ofthe study area. The higher values oftoxic metals were attributed to mining and anthropogenic activities in the studied area. The research concludes that stringent measures should be taken to properly treat the water in Tilden Fulani for domestic consumption
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    PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOURSOP (Annona muricata) PULP, PEEL AND SEED
    (Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-05-27) Audu, S.S.; Aremu, M.O.; Beetseh, C.; Haruna, Sunday Gambo; Adoga, J.
    Traditionally the outermost parts of most fruits are peeled off and discarded as waste which can constitute environmental pollution. To reduce this, the society must be made to see the value of these parts that are traditionally discarded. This is the basis of this study aimed at investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties and mineral composition of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata pulp, peel and seed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of tannins, phenols, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates and phlobatanins in the pulp. In the peel, tannins, steroids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates, phlobatanins and balsams were present while steroids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, carbohydrates, phlobatannins and balsams were present in the seed. At highest concentration of 2 g/ml the pulp had 80.049±0.004% free radical scavenging ability; the peel had 86.797±0.001% while the seed had 77.586±0.002% while ascorbic acid had 54.433±0.001%. The result showed Fe concentration of 0.0138±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.1449±0.0001 g/ml in the peel and 0.0170±0.0002 g/ml in the seed. Mg concentration was 0.4999±0.0008 g/ml in the pulp, 0.8069±0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.7155±0.0002 g/ml in the seed, Cu was 1.0050±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.0044± 0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.0078± 0.0009 g/ml in the seed while Ca was 0.0309±0.0001 g/ml in the pulp, 0.6959±0.0002 g/ml in the peel and 0.3427±0.0016 g/ml in the seed. These results showed that the peel, pulp and seed were rich in phytochemical, mineral nutrients and antioxidant properties, hence the need to encourage their utilisation for pharmacological and nutritional uses.
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    PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOURSOP (Annona murlcata) PULP, PEEL AND SEED
    (Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-06-09) Audu, Saratu Stephen; Aremu, M.O.; Beetseh, C.; Haruna, G.S.; Adoga, J.
    Traditionally the outermost parts of most fruits are peeled off and discarded as waste which can constitute environmental pollution. To reduce this, the society must be made to see the value of these parts that are traditionally discarded. This is the basis of this study aimed at investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties and mineral composition ofthe ethanol extract ofAnnona muricata pulp, peel and seed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of tannins, phenols, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates and phlobatanins in the pulp. In the peel, tannins, steroids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates, phlobatanins and balsams were present while steroids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, carbohydrates, phlobatannins and balsams were present in the seed At highest concentration of 2 g/ml the pulp had 80.049±0.004% free radical scavenging ability; the peel had 86.797±0.001% while the seed had 77.586±0.002% while ascorbic acid had 54.433±0.001%. The result showed Fe concentration of 0.0138±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.1449±0.0001 g/ml in the peel and 0.0170±0.0002 g/ml in the seed. Mg concentration was 0.4999±0.0008 g/ml in the pulp, 0.8069±0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.7155±0.0002 g/ml in the seed, Cu was 1.0050±0.0002 g/ml in the pulp, 0.0044± 0.0009 g/ml in the peel and 0.0078± 0.0009 g/ml in the seed while Ca was 0.0309±0.0001 g/ml in the pulp, 0.6959±0.0002 g/ml in the peel and 0.3427±0.0016 g/ml in the seed. These results showed that the peel, pulp and seed were rich in phytochemical, mineral nutrients and antioxidant properties, hence the need to encourage their utilisation for pharmacological and nutritional us
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    Proximate Composition and Functional Properties of Mushroom Flours from Ganoclerma spp., .Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Sing, and Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quel. Used in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    (Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State Uiniversity, Keffi., 2009-01-29) Aremu, M.O.; Basu, S.K.; Gyar, Dogara Silas; Goyal, A.; Bhowmik, P.K.; Datta, Banik S.
    The proximate composition and functional properties of three edible mushroom (Canodenna spp., Omphalotus oicarlus (DC.) Sing, and Hebeloma mesophacum (Pers.) Qu61.) flours used in Nasarawa state, Nlgarla were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The samples contained crude proteih ln the range of 18.5% in Omphalotus olearius to 21,5% in Canodenna spp. Crude fat varied with values ranging- from 6.9% in Ganoderma spp. to 8.7% in Omphalotus olearius. Other proximate composition values were in the following ranges: moisture content 10.0 - 11.1%, ash 7.3 - 8.3%, crude fibre 2.8 - 3.5% and carbohydrate (by difference) 50.3 - 50.9%. The range values of functional properties were: foaming capacity 101.8'- L31.5%, foaming stability 51.0 - 54.0%, water absorption capacity 260.0 - 390.0%, oil absorption'dapaclty 450 - 480%, oil emulsion capacity 57.3 - 61.0mLg_ , least gelation concentration 12.0 - 14.0% and bulk density 230.0 - 410.0gmL'1. The results showed that these nutrient rich mushroom flours under investigation may prove useful in the formulation of different food products where foaming, emulsification,..retention of flavour and palatablllty as well as. gel formation are required.